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Shah V, Yang X, Arnheim A, Udani S, Tseng D, Luo Y, Ouyang M, Destgeer G, Garner OB, Koydemir HC, Ozcan A, Di Carlo D. Amphiphilic Particle-Stabilized Nanoliter Droplet Reactors with a Multimodal Portable Reader for Distributive Biomarker Quantification. ACS Nano 2023; 17:19952-19960. [PMID: 37824510 PMCID: PMC10604076 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentalization, leveraging microfluidics, enables highly sensitive assays, but the requirement for significant infrastructure for their design, build, and operation limits access. Multimaterial particle-based technologies thermodynamically stabilize monodisperse droplets as individual reaction compartments with simple liquid handling steps, precluding the need for expensive microfluidic equipment. Here, we further improve the accessibility of this lab on a particle technology to resource-limited settings by combining this assay system with a portable multimodal reader, thus enabling nanoliter droplet assays in an accessible platform. We show the utility of this platform in measuring N-terminal propeptide B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a heart failure biomarker, in complex medium and patient samples. We report a limit of detection of ∼0.05 ng/mL and a linear response between 0.2 and 2 ng/mL in spiked plasma samples. We also show that, owing to the plurality of measurements per sample, "swarm" sensing acquires better statistical quantitation with a portable reader. Monte Carlo simulations show the increasing capability of this platform to differentiate between negative and positive samples, i.e., below or above the clinical cutoff for acute heart failure (∼0.1 ng/mL), as a function of the number of particles measured. Our platform measurements correlate with gold standard ELISA measurement in cardiac patient samples, and achieve lower variation in measurement across samples compared to the standard well plate-based ELISA. Thus, we show the capabilities of a cost-effective droplet-reader system in accurately measuring biomarkers in nanoliter droplets for diseases that disproportionately affect underserved communities in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwesh Shah
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xilin Yang
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alyssa Arnheim
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shreya Udani
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Derek Tseng
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yi Luo
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mengxing Ouyang
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ghulam Destgeer
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Technical University
of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - Omai B. Garner
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University
of California - Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hatice C. Koydemir
- Center
for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
Nanosystems Institute (CNSI), University
of California - Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
Nanosystems Institute (CNSI), University
of California - Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Bogoch II, Koydemir HC, Tseng D, Ephraim RKD, Duah E, Tee J, Andrews JR, Ozcan A. Evaluation of a Mobile Phone-Based Microscope for Screening of Schistosoma haematobium Infection in Rural Ghana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:1468-1471. [PMID: 28719262 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSchistosomiasis affects over 170 million people in Africa. Here we compare a novel, low-cost mobile phone microscope to a conventional light microscope for the label-free diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infections in a rural Ghanaian school setting. We tested the performance of our handheld microscope using 60 slides that were randomly chosen from an ongoing epidemiologic study in school-aged children. The mobile phone microscope had a sensitivity of 72.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 56.1-84.2), specificity of 100% (95% CI: 75.9-100), positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 86.3-100), and a negative predictive value of 57.1% (95% CI: 37.4-75.0). With its modest sensitivity and high specificity, this handheld and cost-effective mobile phone-based microscope is a stepping-stone toward developing a powerful tool in clinical and public health settings where there is limited access to conventional laboratory diagnostic support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac I Bogoch
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hatice C Koydemir
- Electrical and Bioengineering Departments, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Derek Tseng
- Electrical and Bioengineering Departments, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard K D Ephraim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Evans Duah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Jason R Andrews
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Bioengineering Departments, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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