1
|
Foley KM, Pouliot GA, Eyth A, Aldridge MF, Allen C, Appel KW, Bash JO, Beardsley M, Beidler J, Choi D, Farkas C, Gilliam RC, Godfrey J, Henderson BH, Hogrefe C, Koplitz SN, Mason R, Mathur R, Misenis C, Possiel N, Pye HO, Reynolds L, Roark M, Roberts S, Schwede DB, Seltzer KM, Sonntag D, Talgo K, Toro C, Vukovich J, Xing J, Adams E. 2002-2017 anthropogenic emissions data for air quality modeling over the United States. Data Brief 2023; 47:109022. [PMID: 36942100 PMCID: PMC10023994 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has developed a set of annual North American emissions data for multiple air pollutants across 18 broad source categories for 2002 through 2017. The sixteen new annual emissions inventories were developed using consistent input data and methods across all years. When a consistent method or tool was not available for a source category, emissions were estimated by scaling data from the EPA's 2017 National Emissions Inventory with scaling factors based on activity data and/or emissions control information. The emissions datasets are designed to support regional air quality modeling for a wide variety of human health and ecological applications. The data were developed to support simulations of the EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality model but can also be used by other regional scale air quality models. The emissions data are one component of EPA's Air Quality Time Series Project which also includes air quality modeling inputs (meteorology, initial conditions, boundary conditions) and outputs (e.g., ozone, PM2.5 and constituent species, wet and dry deposition) for the Conterminous US at a 12 km horizontal grid spacing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M. Foley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
- Corresponding authors. @kfoley7991
| | - George A. Pouliot
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
- Corresponding authors. @kfoley7991
| | - Alison Eyth
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Michael F. Aldridge
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Christine Allen
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 79 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - K. Wyat Appel
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Jesse O. Bash
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Megan Beardsley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - James Beidler
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 79 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - David Choi
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Caroline Farkas
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Robert C. Gilliam
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Janice Godfrey
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Barron H. Henderson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Christian Hogrefe
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Shannon N. Koplitz
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Rich Mason
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Rohit Mathur
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Chris Misenis
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Norm Possiel
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Havala O.T. Pye
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Lara Reynolds
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 79 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Matthew Roark
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 79 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Sarah Roberts
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Donna B. Schwede
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Karl M. Seltzer
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Darrell Sonntag
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Kevin Talgo
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 79 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Claudia Toro
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Jeff Vukovich
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Jia Xing
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Elizabeth Adams
- University of North Carolina, Institute for the Environment, 100 Europa Drive, Suite 490, CB #1105, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khare P, Krechmer JE, Machesky JE, Hass-Mitchell T, Cao C, Wang J, Majluf F, Lopez-Hilfiker F, Malek S, Wang W, Seltzer K, Pye HO, Commane R, McDonald BC, Toledo-Crow R, Mak JE, Gentner DR. Ammonium-adduct chemical ionization to investigate anthropogenic oxygenated gas-phase organic compounds in urban air. Atmos Chem Phys 2022; 22:14377-14399. [PMID: 36506646 PMCID: PMC9728622 DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-14377-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Volatile chemical products (VCPs) and other non-combustion-related sources have become important for urban air quality, and bottom-up calculations report emissions of a variety of functionalized compounds that remain understudied and uncertain in emissions estimates. Using a new instrumental configuration, we present online measurements of oxygenated organic compounds in a U.S. megacity over a 10-day wintertime sampling period, when biogenic sources and photochemistry were less active. Measurements were conducted at a rooftop observatory in upper Manhattan, New York City, USA using a Vocus chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer with ammonium (NH4 +) as the reagent ion operating at 1 Hz. The range of observations spanned volatile, intermediate-volatility, and semi-volatile organic compounds with targeted analyses of ~150 ions whose likely assignments included a range of functionalized compound classes such as glycols, glycol ethers, acetates, acids, alcohols, acrylates, esters, ethanolamines, and ketones that are found in various consumer, commercial, and industrial products. Their concentrations varied as a function of wind direction with enhancements over the highly-populated areas of the Bronx, Manhattan, and parts of New Jersey, and included abundant concentrations of acetates, acrylates, ethylene glycol, and other commonly-used oxygenated compounds. The results provide top-down constraints on wintertime emissions of these oxygenated/functionalized compounds with ratios to common anthropogenic marker compounds, and comparisons of their relative abundances to two regionally-resolved emissions inventories used in urban air quality models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peeyush Khare
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven CT-06511 USA
| | | | - Jo Ellen Machesky
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven CT-06511 USA
| | - Tori Hass-Mitchell
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven CT-06511 USA
| | - Cong Cao
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY-11794 USA
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven CT-06511 USA
| | | | | | - Sonja Malek
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven CT-06511 USA
| | - Will Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven CT-06511 USA
| | - Karl Seltzer
- Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC-27711 USA
| | - Havala O.T. Pye
- Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC-27711 USA
| | - Roisin Commane
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY-10027 USA
| | - Brian C. McDonald
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder CO- USA
| | - Ricardo Toledo-Crow
- Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY-10031 USA
| | - John E. Mak
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY-11794 USA
| | - Drew R. Gentner
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven CT-06511 USA
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven CT-06511 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pennington EA, Seltzer KM, Murphy BN, Qin M, Seinfeld JH, Pye HO. Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation from volatile chemical products. Atmos Chem Phys 2021; 21:18247-18261. [PMID: 35087576 PMCID: PMC8788583 DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-18247-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are commonly-used consumer and industrial items that are an important source of anthropogenic emissions. Organic compounds from VCPs evaporate on atmospherically relevant time scales and include many species that are secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. However, the chemistry leading to SOA, particularly that of intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), has not been fully represented in regional-scale models such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, which tend to underpredict SOA concentrations in urban areas. Here we develop a model to represent SOA formation from VCP emissions. The model incorporates a new VCP emissions inventory and employs three new classes of emissions: siloxanes, oxygenated IVOCs, and nonoxygenated IVOCs. VCPs are estimated to produce 1.67 μg m-3 of noontime SOA, doubling the current model predictions and reducing the SOA mass concentration bias from -75% to -58% when compared to observations in Los Angeles in 2010. While oxygenated and nonoxygenated intermediate volatility VCP species are emitted in similar quantities, SOA formation is dominated by the nonoxygenated IVOCs. Formaldehyde and SOA show similar relationships to temperature and bias signatures indicating common sources and/or chemistry. This work suggests that VCPs contribute up to half of anthropogenic SOA in Los Angeles and models must better represent SOA precursors from VCPs to predict the urban enhancement of SOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse A. Pennington
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow in the Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Karl M. Seltzer
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow in the Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Benjamin N. Murphy
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Momei Qin
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow in the Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - John H. Seinfeld
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Havala O.T. Pye
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qin M, Murphy BN, Isaacs KK, McDonald BC, Lu Q, McKeen SA, Koval L, Robinson AL, Efstathiou C, Allen C, Pye HO. Criteria pollutant impacts of volatile chemical products informed by near-field modeling. Nat Sustain 2020; N/A:1-57. [PMID: 33134558 PMCID: PMC7592713 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-020-00614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Consumer, industrial, and commercial product usage is a source of exposure to potentially hazardous chemicals. In addition, cleaning agents, personal care products, coatings, and other volatile chemical products (VCPs), evaporate and react in the atmosphere producing secondary pollutants. Here, we show high air emissions from VCP usage (≥ 14 kg person-1 yr-1, at least 1.7× higher than current operational estimates) are supported by multiple estimation methods and constraints imposed by ambient levels of ozone, hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity, and the organic component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Pasadena, California. A near-field model, which estimates human chemical exposure during or in the vicinity of product use, indicates these high air emissions are consistent with organic product usage up to ~75 kg person-1 yr-1, and inhalation of consumer products could be a non-negligible exposure pathway. After constraining the PM2.5 yield to 5% by mass, VCPs produce ~41% of the photochemical organic PM2.5 (1.1 ± 0.3 μg m-3) and ~17% of maximum daily 8-hr average ozone (9 ± 2 ppb) in summer Los Angeles. Therefore, both toxicity and ambient criteria pollutant formation should be considered when organic substituents are developed for VCPs in pursuit of safer and sustainable products and cleaner air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momei Qin
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant at the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Correspondence to: Momei Qin () and Havala Pye ()
| | - Benjamin N. Murphy
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristin K. Isaacs
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian C. McDonald
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Quanyang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stuart A. McKeen
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren Koval
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant at the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allen L. Robinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christos Efstathiou
- General Dynamics Information Technology Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chris Allen
- General Dynamics Information Technology Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Havala O.T. Pye
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Correspondence to: Momei Qin () and Havala Pye ()
| |
Collapse
|