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Manuel K, Crotty M, Kurrle SE, Cameron ID, Lane R, Lockwood K, Block H, Sherrington C, Pond D, Nguyen TA, Laver K. Hospital-Based Health Professionals' Perceptions of Frailty in Older People. Gerontologist 2024:gnae041. [PMID: 38712983 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is a high prevalence of frailty amongst older patients in hospital settings. Frailty guidelines exist but implementation to date has been challenging. Understanding health professional attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs about frailty is critical in understanding barriers and enablers to guideline implementation and the aim of this study was to understand these in rehabilitation multidisciplinary teams in hospital settings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted with health professionals working in multi-disciplinary teams on geriatric and rehabilitation wards in Adelaide and Sydney, Australia. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded by two researchers. A codebook was created and interviews re-coded and applied to the Framework Method of thematic analysis. RESULTS Three domains were developed: diagnosing frailty, communicating about frailty, and managing frailty. Within these domains, eight themes were identified: (1) diagnosing frailty has questionable benefits, (2) clinicians don't use frailty screening tools, (3) frailty can be diagnosed on appearance and history, (4) frailty has a stigma, (5) clinicians don't use the word "frail" with patients, (6) frailty isn't always reversible, (7) there is a lack of continuity of care after acute admission, and (8) the community setting lacks resources. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Implementation of frailty guidelines will remain challenging while staff avoid using the term "frail", don't perceive benefit of using screening tools, and focus on the individual aspects of frailty rather than the syndrome holistically. Clinical champions and education about frailty identification, reversibility, management, and communication techniques may improve the implementation of frailty guidelines in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisani Manuel
- Rehabilitation, Aged and Palliative Care Service, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Crotty
- Rehabilitation, Aged and Palliative Care Service, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan E Kurrle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Rehabilitation and Aged Care Services, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian D Cameron
- Rehabilitation and Aged Care Services, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Lane
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Keri Lockwood
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heather Block
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dimity Pond
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tuan A Nguyen
- Social Gerontology Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Laver
- Rehabilitation, Aged and Palliative Care Service, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Block H, Paul M, Muir-Cochrane E, Bellon M, George S, Hunter SC. Clinical practice guideline recommendations for the management of challenging behaviours after traumatic brain injury in acute hospital and inpatient rehabilitation settings: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:453-463. [PMID: 36694351 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2169769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical practice guideline (CPG) recommendations for the management of challenging behaviours after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in hospital and inpatient rehabilitation settings are sparse. This systematic review aims to identify and appraise CPGs, and report high-quality recommendations for challenging behaviours after TBI in hospital and rehabilitation settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS A three-step search strategy was conducted to identify CPGs that met inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently scored the AGREE II domains. Guideline quality was assessed based on CPGs adequately addressing four out of the six AGREE II domains. Data extraction was performed with a compilation of high-quality CPG recommendations. RESULTS Seven CPGs out of 408 identified records met the inclusion criteria. Two CPGs were deemed high-quality. High-quality CPG recommendations with the strongest supporting evidence include behaviour management plans; beta-blockers for the treatment of aggression; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for moderate agitation; adamantanes for impaired arousal/attention in agitation; specialised, multi-disciplinary TBI behaviour management services. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review identified and appraised the quality of CPGs relating to the management of challenging behaviours after TBI in acute hospital and rehabilitation settings. Further research to rigorously evaluate TBI behaviour management programs, investigation of evidence-practice gaps, and implementation strategies for adopting CPG recommendations into practice is needed.Implications for rehabilitationTwo clinical practice guidelines appraised as high-quality outline recommendations for the management of challenging behaviours after traumatic brain injury in hospital and inpatient rehabilitation settings.High-quality guideline recommendations with the strongest supporting evidence for non-pharmacological treatment include behaviour management plans considering precipitating factors, antecedents, and reinforcing events.High-quality guideline recommendations with the strongest supporting evidence for pharmacological management include beta blockers for aggression in traumatic brain injury.Few guidelines provide comprehensive detail on the implementation of recommendations into clinical care which may limit adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Block
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Division of Rehabilitation, Aged and Palliative Care, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria Paul
- South Australian Brain Injury Rehabilitation Services, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eimear Muir-Cochrane
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michelle Bellon
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stacey George
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah C Hunter
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Block H, Bellon M, Hunter SC, George S. Barriers and enablers to managing challenging behaviours after traumatic brain injury in the acute hospital setting: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1266. [PMID: 37974214 PMCID: PMC10655469 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Challenging behaviours after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the acute setting are associated with risk of harm to the patient and staff, delays in commencing rehabilitation and increased length of hospital stay. Few guidelines exist to inform practice in acute settings, and specialist services providing multi-disciplinary expertise for TBI behaviour management are predominantly based in subacute inpatient services. This study aims to investigate acute and subacute staff perspectives of barriers and enablers to effectively managing challenging behaviours after TBI in acute hospital settings. METHODS Qualitative focus groups were conducted with 28 staff (17 from acute setting, 11 from subacute setting) across two sites who had experience working with patients with TBI. Data were analysed using inductive-deductive reflexive thematic analysis. Data were applied to the constructs of the integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework to generate themes representing barriers and enablers to managing challenging behaviours after TBI in the acute hospital setting. RESULTS Four barriers and three enablers were identified. Barriers include (1) Difficulties with clinical decision making; (2) Concerns for risks to staff and patients; (3) Hospital environment; (4) Intensive resources are required. Enablers were (1) Experienced staff with practical skills; (2) Incorporating person-centred care; and (3) Supportive teams. CONCLUSION These findings can inform pre-implementation planning for future improvements to TBI behaviour management in acute hospital settings. Difficulties with clinical decision making, concerns for risks of injury, the hospital environment and lack of resources are major challenges. Implementation strategies developed to address barriers will need to be trialled, with multi-disciplinary team approaches, and tailored to the acute setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Block
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
- Division of Allied Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Michelle Bellon
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah C Hunter
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stacey George
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Block H, George S, Hunter SC, Bellon M. Family experiences of the management of challenging behaviours after traumatic brain injury in the acute hospital setting. Disabil Rehabil 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37970816 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2280081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored experiences of the management of challenging behaviours after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the acute hospital setting from the perspectives of family members. MATERIALS AND METHODS A qualitative, interpretive phenomenological approach was adopted involving semi-structured interviews with 10 family members. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis, with Ecological Systems Theory applied as a guiding framework to discuss findings and implications for practice. RESULTS Four primary themes were identified: 1) The hospital environment; 2) Hospital staffing; 3) Identifying and preventing triggers, and 4) Family support and information. CONCLUSIONS This qualitative study highlights the need for further information, education, and support to families of patients with TBI in the acute setting. Further research investigating the implementation of best practice approaches for managing challenging behaviours practice in acute settings is needed to overcome the barriers of the hospital environment, inexperienced and inconsistent staffing, and difficulties identifying triggers within the acute hospital setting, experienced by families. Approaches for family involvement in behaviour management strategies, and facilitation of communication for people with TBI in the acute setting requires exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Block
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stacey George
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah C Hunter
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michelle Bellon
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Aclan R, George S, Block H, Lane R, Laver K. Middle aged and older adult's perspectives of their own home environment: a review of qualitative studies and meta-synthesis. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:707. [PMID: 37907851 PMCID: PMC10619279 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people prefer to remain in their homes and communities as long as possible. Staying at home is widely beneficial as ageing within the home promotes independence and costs less than residential aged care. Understanding meanings and drivers of remaining at home is an area of importance. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review of qualitative studies was to synthesise middle and older aged adult's perspective of their home environment and determine the factors that are important when making decisions about future housing. METHODS This review and meta-synthesis was conducted in accordance with JBI (formally known as the Joanna Briggs Institute) methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. Meta-aggregation was used as the method of synthesis. Included qualitative studies involved middle and older aged adults and their views about ageing and housing. Published studies were identified in four electronic databases and grey literature. Critical appraisal and extraction were conducted using JBI tools and findings were categorised and synthesised into findings. RESULTS A total of 46 papers with 5183 participants on the concept of home were included. Most of the participants were older (> 65 years old) and the perspectives of middle-aged people were largely absent. Factors impacting on future housing decisions among individuals were identified. Seven synthesized findings emerged-independence, finances, stigma, attitudes towards ageing, attachments with home, aesthetics, and family connection. CONCLUSION Older people have a greater sense of independence and autonomy if they remain in their own home. Multiple external factors impacted on their perspectives including a sense of stigma about ageing, fear of being a burden to others and their own financial position which in some cases restricted their options. This review provides a comprehensive description of the different factors that need to be considered when planning future housing needs; both for individuals and for communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn Aclan
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Stacey George
- Occupational Therapy, Academic Lead and Research Lead, Allied Health Chair, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Heather Block
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rachel Lane
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate Laver
- Department of Rehabilitation, Aged and Extended Care, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
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Manuel K, Block H, Crotty M, Harvey G, Kurrle SE, Cameron I, Lockwood K, Sherrington C, Pond D, Nguyen TA, Laver K. Implementation of a frailty intervention in the transition from hospital to home: a realist process evaluation protocol for the FORTRESS trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070267. [PMID: 37295839 PMCID: PMC10277088 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frailty in Older people: Rehabilitation, Treatment, Research Examining Separate Settings (the FORTRESS study) is a multisite, hybrid type II, stepped wedge, cluster, randomised trial examining the uptake and outcomes of a frailty intervention. The intervention is based on the 2017 Asia Pacific Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Frailty and begins in the acute hospital setting and transitions to the community. The success of the intervention will require individual and organisational behaviour change within a dynamic health system. This process evaluation will examine the multiple variables at play in the context and mechanism of the frailty intervention to enhance understanding of the outcomes of the FORTRESS study and how the outcomes can be translated from the trial into broader practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The FORTRESS intervention will recruit participants from six wards in New South Wales and South Australia, Australia. Participants of the process evaluation will include trial investigators, ward-based clinicians, FORTRESS implementation clinicians, general practitioners and FORTRESS participants. The process evaluation has been designed using realist methodology and will occur in parallel to the FORTRESS trial. A mixed-method approach will be used with qualitative and quantitative data collected from interviews, questionnaires, checklists and outcome assessments. Qualitative and quantitative data will be examined for CMOCs (Context, Mechanism, Outcome Configurations) and programme theories will be developed, tested and refined. This will facilitate development of more generalisable theories to inform translation of frailty intervention within complex healthcare systems. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval for the FORTRESS trial, inclusive of the process evaluation, has been obtained from the Northern Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committees reference number 2020/ETH01057. Recruitment for the FORTRESS trial uses opt-out consent. Dissemination will be via publications, conferences and social media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12620000760976p (FORTRESS trial).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisani Manuel
- Division of Rehabilitation, Aged and Palliative Care, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Heather Block
- Division of Rehabilitation, Aged and Palliative Care, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Crotty
- Division of Rehabilitation, Aged and Palliative Care, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gillian Harvey
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan E Kurrle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Rehabilitation and Aged Care Services, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian Cameron
- Rehabilitation and Aged Care Services, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Keri Lockwood
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dimity Pond
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tuan A Nguyen
- Social Gerontology Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Laver
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Block H, Hunter SC, Bellon M, George S. Implementing a behavior management approach in the hospital setting for individuals with challenging behaviors during acute traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2022; 36:1176-1186. [PMID: 35996950 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine if implementing a clinically pragmatic behavior management approach for challenging behaviors during acute TBI reduces use of restraints, security incidences, acute length of stay admission and cost, thereby improving progress to rehabilitation. RESEARCH DESIGN This pilot study involved a behavior management group (n = 27), compared with a historical control group (n = 74). METHOD AND PROCEDURES The behavior management group received care following the implementation of a behavior management approach for challenging behaviors during acute TBI at two hospitals in South Australia. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Fidelity results demonstrated high level of adherence to the implemented behavior management approach. The behavior management group had significant lower use of mechanical restraints (p = 0.03), and significantly lower acute admission costs (p = 0.034). Trends in lower pharmacological restraint usage, lower acute hospital length of stay and time from admission to rehabilitation acceptance were recorded. CONCLUSIONS These pilot results contribute to improving quality of health care but methodological limitations make outcomes difficult to interpret as a direct result of the intervention. Future studies are required to investigate evidence-based behavior management interventions for acute TBI patients using more rigorous knowledge translation implementation designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Block
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Division of Allied Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah C Hunter
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michelle Bellon
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stacey George
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Block H, Annesley A, Lockwood K, Xu L, Cameron ID, Laver K, Crotty M, Sherrington C, Kifley A, Howard K, Pond D, Nguyen TA, Kurrle SE. Frailty in older people: Rehabilitation Treatment Research Examining Separate Settings (FORTRESS): protocol for a hybrid type II stepped wedge, cluster, randomised trial. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:527. [PMID: 35761212 PMCID: PMC9235164 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frailty in older people is associated with increased risk of falls, longer length of stay in hospital, increased risk of institutionalisation and death. Frailty can be measured using validated tools. Multi-component frailty interventions are recommended in clinical practice guidelines but are not routinely implemented in clinical practice. Methods The Frailty in Older people: Rehabilitation, Treatment, Research Examining Separate Settings (FORTRESS) trial is a multisite, hybrid type II, stepped wedge, cluster, randomised trial with blinded assessment and intention-to-treat analysis being conducted in Australia. The study aims to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an embedded individualised multicomponent frailty intervention (commencing in hospital and continuing in the community) on readmissions, frailty and quality of life when compared with usual care. Frail older people admitted to study wards with no significant cognitive impairment, who are expected to return home after discharge, will be eligible to participate. Participants will receive extra sessions of physiotherapy, pharmacy, and dietetics during their admission. A Community Implementation Facilitator will coordinate implementation of the frailty management strategies and primary network liaison. The primary outcome is number of days of non-elective hospital readmissions during 12 month follow-up period. Secondary outcomes include frailty status measured using the FRAIL scale; quality of life measured using the EQ-5D-5L; and time-to-event for readmission and readmission rates. The total cost of delivering the intervention will be assessed, and cost-effectiveness analyses will be conducted. Economic evaluation will include analyses for health outcomes measured in terms of the main clinical outcomes. Implementation outcomes will be collected as part of a process evaluation. Recruitment commenced in 2020 and we are aiming to recruit 732 participants over the three-year duration of the study. Discussion This study will reveal whether intervening with frail older people to address factors contributing to frailty can reduce hospital readmissions and improve frailty status and quality of life. If the FORTRESS intervention provides a clinically significant and cost-effective result, it will demonstrate an improved approach to treating frail patients, both in hospital and when they return home. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12620000760976p. ANZCTR registered 24 July 2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03178-1.
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Meale SJ, Ruiz-Sanchez AL, Dervishi E, Roy BC, Paradis F, Juárez M, Aalhus J, López-Campos Ó, Das C, Li C, Block H, Colazo MG, Straathof C, Bruce HL, Fitzsimmons C. Impact of genetic potential for residual feed intake and diet fed during early- to mid-gestation in beef heifers on carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes of their castrated male offspring. Meat Sci 2021; 182:108637. [PMID: 34333273 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carcass attributes of steers were examined for influences of selection for residual feed intake (RFI), and exposure to different levels of prenatal nutrition. Heifers characterized for RFI corrected for backfat were mated to bulls with genetic potential for either High-RFI or Low-RFI, such that the progeny were expected to be H/H or L/L RFI (sire/dam). Pregnant heifers were assigned to a low diet (Ldiet; 0.40 kg/d ADG), or moderate diet (Mdiet; 0.57 kg/d ADG), from 30 to 150 days of gestation, after which all heifers were managed similarly. Steer offspring (n = 23) were also managed similarly until slaughter. Dressing percentage of steers from H-RFI dams/sires exposed to Ldiet during gestation was lower than all other groups (P = 0.02). Marbling was greater for steers from H-RFI parents, as was fat content of longissimus thoracis et lumborum and triceps brachii (P ≤ 0.02). Results suggest that parental selection for RFI and prenatal maternal diet can influence carcass characteristics of progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Meale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - A L Ruiz-Sanchez
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - E Dervishi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - B C Roy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - F Paradis
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - M Juárez
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - J Aalhus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Ó López-Campos
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - C Das
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - C Li
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - H Block
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - M G Colazo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - C Straathof
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - H L Bruce
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - C Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada.
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Block H, Gniewkowski W, Baltes W. Anreicherung nichtionischer Tenside beim Abbaubarkeitstest/ Concentration of Nonionic Surfactants at the Tests of Biodegradation. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-1987-240317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Manafiazar G, Flesch T, Baron V, McKeown L, Byron B, Block H, Ominski K, Plastow G, Basarab J. Methane and carbon dioxide emissions and grazed forage intake from pregnant beef heifers previously classified for residual feed intake under drylot conditions. Can J Anim Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to quantify the effect of post-weaning residual feed intake (RFI) on subsequent grazed forage intake, methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Beef heifers classified for RFI adjusted for off-test backfat (RFIfat; 55 high and 56 low) at 9 mo of age were monitored 7 mo later for CH4 and CO2 emissions using the GreenFeed Emissions Monitoring system. About 56 of these heifers were also monitored as high and low RFIfat groups using open-path Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR). Heifers were dosed with 1 kg of C32-labelled pellets once daily for 15 d, with twice daily fecal sampling the last 8 d to determine individual grazed forage intake using the n-alkane method. Low RFIfat pregnant heifers consumed less forage (10.25 vs. 10.81 kg dry matter d−1; P < 0.001), and emitted less daily CH4 (238.7 vs. 250.7 g d−1; P = 0.009) and CO2 (7578 vs. 8041 g d−1; P < 0.001) compared with high RFIfat animals. Results from the OP-FTIR further confirmed that low RFIfat heifers emitted 6.3% less (g d−1; P = 0.006) CH4 compared with their high RFIfat cohorts. Thus, selection for low RFIfat will decrease daily CH4 and CO2 emissions from beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Manafiazar
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - T.K. Flesch
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2H4, Canada
| | - V.S. Baron
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - L. McKeown
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - B. Byron
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - H. Block
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - K. Ominski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - G. Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - J.A. Basarab
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
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Olson C, Li C, Block H, McKeown L, Basarab J. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between feeding behaviours and feed efficiency in crossbred beef replacement females. Can J Anim Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to identify the phenotypic and genetic relationships and heritability (h2) of feeding behaviours (FB) in replacement beef females. Between 2005 and 2017, heifers (N = 1394) were tested for feed intake using an electronic feed bunk system. The various FB were feeding duration (DUR; min d−1), head down time (HD; min d−1), feeding frequency (FREQ; events d−1), time-to-bunk (TTB; min). Dry matter intake (DMI; kg d−1), and residual feed intake adjusted for off-test ultrasound back fat thickness (RFIFAT) were also reported. The h2 estimates for DUR, HD, FREQ, TTB, DMI, and RFIFAT were 0.25 ± 0.05, 0.26 ± 0.06, 0.27 ± 0.05, 0.29 ± 0.06, 0.26 ± 0.05, and 0.40 ± 0.07, respectively. These are the first h2 to be presented for these FB among developing replacement heifers on a high-forage diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.A. Olson
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - C. Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - H. Block
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - L. McKeown
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - J.A. Basarab
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
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Manafiazar G, Baron V, McKeown L, Block H, Ominski K, Plastow G, Basarab J. Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from yearling beef heifers and mature cows classified for residual feed intake under drylot conditions. Can J Anim Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study quantified methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production from beef heifers and cows classified for residual feed intake adjusted for off-test backfat thickness (RFIfat) and reared in drylot during cold winter temperatures. Individual performance, daily feed intake, and RFIfat were obtained for 1068 crossbred and purebred yearling heifers (eight trials) as well as 176 crossbred mature cows (six trials) during the winters of 2015–2017 at two locations. A portion of these heifers (147 high RFIfat; 167 low RFIfat) and cows (69 high RFIfat; 70 low RFIfat) was monitored for enteric CH4 and CO2 emissions using the GreenFeed Emissions Monitoring (GEM) system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD, USA). Low RFIfat cattle consumed less feed [heifers, 7.80 vs. 8.48 kg dry matter (DM) d−1; cows, 11.64 vs. 13.16 kg DM d−1] and emitted less daily CH4 (2.5% for heifers; 3.7% for cows) and CO2 (1.4% for heifers; 3.4% for cows) compared with high RFIfat cattle. However, low RFIfat heifers and cows had higher CH4 (6.2% for heifers; 9.9% for cows) and CO2 yield (7.3% for heifers; 9.8% for cows) per kilogram DM intake compared with their high RFIfat pen mates. The GEM system performed at air temperatures between +20 and −30 °C. Feed intake of heifers and mature cows was differently affected by ambient temperature reduction between +20 and −15 °C and similarly increased their feed intake at temperatures below −15 °C. In conclusion, low RFIfat animals emit less daily enteric CH4 and CO2, due mainly to lower feed consumption at equal body weight, gain, and fatness.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Manafiazar
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - V.S. Baron
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - L. McKeown
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - H. Block
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - K. Ominski
- University of Manitoba, Department of Animal Science, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - G. Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - J.A. Basarab
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
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Mirdamadi J, Seigel C, Block H. Changes in somatosensory-motor connectivity associated with a visuo-proprioceptive perception task. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Fitzsimmons C, Devos J, Li C, Paradis F, Straathof C, Penner G, Hare K, McKinnon J, Añez-Osuna F, Block H, Colazo M, Bruce H. 14 Signatures of pre-natal nutrition in cattle: adaptations in DNA methylation, gene expression, and post-natal growth. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Devos
- Agrilculture and Agri-Food Canada/University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - F Paradis
- Agrilculture and Agri-Food Canada/University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - G Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - K Hare
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agriculture Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta,Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - J McKinnon
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - F Añez-Osuna
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - H Block
- Agrilculture and Agri-Food Canada,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Colazo
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - H Bruce
- University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Wishart E, Block H, Bedi A. A240 AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY: RECURRENT GLOBAL APHASIA. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Wishart
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - H Block
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - A Bedi
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Allen-Brady K, Miller J, Matsunami N, Stevens J, Block H, Farley M, Krasny L, Pingree C, Lainhart J, Leppert M, McMahon WM, Coon H. A high-density SNP genome-wide linkage scan in a large autism extended pedigree. Mol Psychiatry 2009; 14:590-600. [PMID: 18283277 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We performed a high-density, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), genome-wide scan on a six-generation pedigree from Utah with seven affected males, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Using a two-stage linkage design, we first performed a nonparametric analysis on the entire genome using a 10K SNP chip to identify potential regions of interest. To confirm potentially interesting regions, we eliminated SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) using a principal components analysis (PCA) method and repeated the linkage results. Three regions met genome-wide significance criteria after controlling for LD: 3q13.2-q13.31 (nonparametric linkage (NPL), 5.58), 3q26.31-q27.3 (NPL, 4.85) and 20q11.21-q13.12 (NPL, 5.56). Two regions met suggestive criteria for significance 7p14.1-p11.22 (NPL, 3.18) and 9p24.3 (NPL, 3.44). All five chromosomal regions are consistent with other published findings. Haplotype sharing results showed that five of the affected subjects shared more than a single chromosomal region of interest with other affected subjects. Although no common autism susceptibility genes were found for all seven autism cases, these results suggest that multiple genetic loci within these regions may contribute to the autism phenotype in this family, and further follow-up of these chromosomal regions is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Allen-Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Klinger SA, Campbell J, Wildeman B, Block H, McKinnon JJ. The effects of limit feeding a high-energy barley-based diet to backgrounding cattle in western Canada. Can J Anim Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.4141/a06-069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of three completely randomized design trials were conducted to compare the effects of a limit-fed high-grain diet relative with that of an ad libitum-fed high-forage diet on performance of growing cattle with similar total energy intakes. In trial 1, the ad libitum-fed high-forage diet was formulated to 1.58 and 0.98 Mcal NEm and NEg kg-1 DM. The high-grain diet was formulated to 1.91 Mcal NEm and 1.23 Mcal NEg kg-1 DM. Projected liveweight gains (1.22 kg d-1) and the amount of DM provided to the limit-fed high-grain cattle were based on the NEm and NEg equations for liveweight gain of large-frame steers (NRC 1984). A similar feeding regime was employed for trials 2 and 3; however, it was necessary to reduce energy intake equally after 30 d on feed to control weight gains. In trial 1, the limit-fed high-grain cattle had similar (P > 0.05) ADG and lower (P < 0.05) DMI than the ad libitum-fed high-forage cattle, leading to a 15.4% improvement (P < 0.05) in feed efficiency. Feed efficiency was improved (P < 0.05) by 16.9% in trial 2 and by 21.2% in trial 3 for the limit-fed high-grain cattle, primarily as a result of reduced (P < 0.05) DM intake and similar (P > 0.05) daily gains. Back fat accretion rates were greater (P < 0.05) in the limit-fed high-grain cattle, indicating differences in energy partitioning. The incidence of severe liver abscesses was greater (P < 0.05) for the limit-fed high-grain cattle in trial 2. These results indicate that limit feeding a high-grain diet to backgrounding cattle can be employed to target specific rates of gain and improve feed efficiency although managing acidosis to prevent liver abscesses may be an issue. Key words: Cattle, limit feeding, feed efficiency, liver abscesses
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Yu P, Block H, Niu Z, Doiron K. Rapid characterization of molecular chemistry, nutrient make-up and microlocation of internal seed tissue. J Synchrotron Radiat 2007; 14:382-90. [PMID: 17587665 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049507014264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wheat differs from corn in biodegradation kinetics and fermentation characteristics. Wheat exhibits a relatively high rate (23% h(-1)) and extent (78% DM) of biodegradation, which can lead to metabolic problems such as acidosis and bloat in ruminants. The objective of this study was to rapidly characterize the molecular chemistry of the internal structure of wheat (cv. AC Barrie) and reveal both its structural chemical make-up and nutrient component matrix by analyzing the intensity and spatial distribution of molecular functional groups within the intact seed using advanced synchrotron-powered Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. The experiment was performed at the U2B station of the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, USA. The wheat tissue was imaged systematically from the pericarp, seed coat, aleurone layer and endosperm under the peaks at approximately 1732 (carbonyl C=O ester), 1515 (aromatic compound of lignin), 1650 (amide I), 1025 (non-structural CHO), 1550 (amide II), 1246 (cellulosic material), 1160, 1150, 1080, 930, 860 (all CHO), 3350 (OH and NH stretching), 2928 (CH(2) stretching band) and 2885 cm(-1) (CH(3) stretching band). Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were applied to analyze the molecular FTIR spectra obtained from the different inherent structures within the intact wheat tissues. The results showed that, with synchrotron-powered FTIR microspectroscopy, images of the molecular chemistry of wheat could be generated at an ultra-spatial resolution. The features of aromatic lignin, structural and non-structural carbohydrates, as well as nutrient make-up and interactions in the seeds, could be revealed. Both principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis methods are conclusive in showing that they can discriminate and classify the different inherent structures within the seed tissue. The wheat exhibited distinguishable differences in the structural and nutrient make-up among the pericarp, seed coat, aleurone layer and endosperm. Such information on the molecular chemistry can be used for grain-breeding programs for selecting a superior variety of wheat targeted for food and feed purposes and for predicting wheat quality and nutritive value in humans and animals. Thus advanced synchrotron-powered FTIR technology can provide a greater understanding of the plant-animal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqiang Yu
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Steinberg JL, Mendelson DS, Block H, Green SB, Shu VS, Parker K, Cullinan P, Dul JL, von Hoff DD, Gordon MS. Phase I study of LErafAON-ETU, an easy-to-use formulation of liiposome entrapped c-raf antisense oligonucleotide, in advanced cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.3214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Steinberg
- NeoPharm, Inc., Lake Forest, IL; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Tucson, AZ; TGen, Phoenix, AZ
| | - D. S. Mendelson
- NeoPharm, Inc., Lake Forest, IL; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Tucson, AZ; TGen, Phoenix, AZ
| | - H. Block
- NeoPharm, Inc., Lake Forest, IL; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Tucson, AZ; TGen, Phoenix, AZ
| | - S. B. Green
- NeoPharm, Inc., Lake Forest, IL; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Tucson, AZ; TGen, Phoenix, AZ
| | - V. S. Shu
- NeoPharm, Inc., Lake Forest, IL; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Tucson, AZ; TGen, Phoenix, AZ
| | - K. Parker
- NeoPharm, Inc., Lake Forest, IL; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Tucson, AZ; TGen, Phoenix, AZ
| | - P. Cullinan
- NeoPharm, Inc., Lake Forest, IL; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Tucson, AZ; TGen, Phoenix, AZ
| | - J. L. Dul
- NeoPharm, Inc., Lake Forest, IL; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Tucson, AZ; TGen, Phoenix, AZ
| | - D. D. von Hoff
- NeoPharm, Inc., Lake Forest, IL; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Tucson, AZ; TGen, Phoenix, AZ
| | - M. S. Gordon
- NeoPharm, Inc., Lake Forest, IL; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Ctr, Tucson, AZ; TGen, Phoenix, AZ
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Block H, Gregson EM, Ions WD, Powell G, Singh RP, Walker SM. The measurement of birefringent, viscous and dielectric properties of liquids under shear. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/11/3/018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Block H, Gregson EM, Qin A, Tsangaris G, Walker SM. A Couette cell with fixed stator alignment for the measurement of flow modified permittivity and electroviscosity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/16/9/018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
The tail behavior of the failure rate of mixtures of lifetime distributions is studied. A typical result is that if the failure rate of the strongest component of the mixture decreases to a limit, then the failure rate of the mixture decreases to the same limit. For a class of distributions containing the gamma distributions this result can be improved in the sense that the behavior of the failure rate of the mixture asymptotically mirrors that of the strongest component in whether it decreases or increases to a limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Block
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, USA
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Abstract
The dopaminergic role of D-1 and D-2 receptors in catalepsy was evaluated using drugs with preferential receptor affinities. The D-1 antagonist, SCH 23390, caused distinct catalepsy in mice at 1, 2, and 10 mg/kg, IP, but not at two lower doses. The selective D-1 blocker, molindone, also caused catalepsy at 5 and 10 mg/kg; and blockade of both receptor types produced additive cataleptogenic effects. Apomorphine (4 mg/kg), which is an agonist for both receptors, potentiated SCH 23390-induced catalepsy much more than it did the catalepsy induced by molindone; the potentiation was produced by higher, not lower, doses of apomorphine. To determine if the apomorphine potentiation was mediated by D-1 or D-2 receptors, we tested selective agonists in mice that were concurrently injected with selective blockers. SCH 23390-induced catalepsy was potentiated by a large dose of the D-2 agonist, bromocriptine. The catalepsy of D-2 blockade with molindone was not potentiated by the D-1 agonist, SKF 38393, which slightly disrupted the catalepsy of D-2 blockade. We conclude that catalepsy is not a simple D-2 blockade phenomenon and that preferential antagonism of either receptor type can cause catalepsy. Catalepsy is most profound when both receptor types are blocked. Dopamine agonists, in large concentrations, are known to promote movements, and thus it is not surprising that they tend to disrupt catalepsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Klemm
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
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Block H, Evans D, Walker S. N.m.r. relaxation studies of molecular motion in alternating copolymers of styrene and N-substituted maleimides. POLYMER 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(77)90182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bamford C, Block H. Chapter 8 The Polymerization of N-Carboxy-α-Amino Acid Anhydrides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0069-8040(08)70054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Koch CD, Block H, Molz J. [Determination of aryl esterase activity in the human serum using 4-nitrophenyl acetate]. Z Gastroenterol 1975; 13:695-703. [PMID: 1224758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new determination of esterases and arylesterases (E. C. 3.1.1.2.) with 4-nitrophenylacetate is described. The results are compared with those of the method described by Pilz using phenylacetate. 4-nitrophenylacetate instead of phenylacetate allows a kinetic reaction. The precision of the determination is good, the method easy to handle. Normal values: 1100--2600 U/1 (total esterases), 700--2100 U/1 (arylesterases) at +25 degrees C.
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Block H. Polymer solutions general discussions of the Faraday Society, no. 49. POLYMER 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(71)90080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Block H. Kinetics and mechanisms of polymerization series: Volume 2. Ring-opening polymerization. POLYMER 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(70)90024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Block H, Hayes EF, North AM. Dielectric behaviour of solutions of poly-?-benzyl-L-glutamate and of copolymers with D-enantiomorph. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1039/tf9706601095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Block H. Biological macromolecules series, volume 2: Structure and stability of biological macromolecules. POLYMER 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(69)90115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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