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Rasheed RA, Sadek AS, Khattab RT, Elkhamisy FAA, Abdelfattah HA, Elshaer MMA, Almutairi SM, Hussein DS, Embaby AS, Almoatasem MAM. Diacerein provokes apoptosis, improves redox balance, and downregulates PCNA and TNF-α in a rat model of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia: A new non-invasive approach. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293682. [PMID: 37943844 PMCID: PMC10635502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most prevalent chronic conditions affecting older men is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), causing severe annoyance and embarrassment to patients. The pathogenesis of BPH has been connected to epithelial proliferation, inflammation, deranged redox balance, and apoptosis. Diacerein (DIA), the anthraquinone derivative, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. This study intended to investigate the ameliorative effect of DIA on the prostatic histology in testosterone-induced BPH in rats. BPH was experimentally induced by daily subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate for four weeks. The treated group received DIA daily for a further two weeks after induction of BPH. Rats' body and prostate weights, serum-free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and PSA were evaluated. Prostatic tissue was processed for measuring redox balance and histopathological examination. The BPH group had increased body and prostate weights, serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, PSA, and oxidative stress. Histologically, there were marked acinar epithelial and stromal hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltrates, and increased collagen deposition. An immunohistochemical study showed an increase in the inflammatory TNF-α and the proliferative PCNA markers. Treatment with DIA markedly decreased the prostate weight and plasma hormones, improved tissue redox balance, repaired the histological changes, and increased the proapoptotic caspase 3 expression besides the substantial reduction in TNF-α and PCNA expression. In conclusion, our study underscored DIA's potential to alleviate the prostatic hyperplastic and inflammatory changes in BPH through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and apoptosis-inducing effects, rendering it an effective, innovative treatment for BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Ahmed Rasheed
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - A. S. Sadek
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - R. T. Khattab
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed M. A. Elshaer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Saeedah Musaed Almutairi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina S. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Health, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Azza Saleh Embaby
- Department of Medical Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mai A. M. Almoatasem
- Department of Medical Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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