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Gaber Y, TumAllah HM, AbdelAllah NH, Al-Zereini WA, Abu-Lubad MA, Aqel AA, Elkhatib WF, Goering RV, Soliman AM. Emergence and Genomic Characterization of a spa Type t4407 ST6-SCC mec Type IVa Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain Isolated from Al-Karak Hospital, Jordan. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:295. [PMID: 38399582 PMCID: PMC10890080 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major concern in Jordanian hospitals in terms of infection control. The purpose of this study was to identify the resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from surfaces of critical locations within the Al-Karak Governmental Hospital in 2019. Additionally, the study aimed to conduct whole-genome sequencing on the isolates. Materials and Methods: In February 2019, fourteen S. aureus strains were isolated from surfaces in critical sites in the Al-Karak Governmental Hospital. These isolates underwent antibiogram testing to determine their resistance profile. Genome sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform was applied to the extracted DNA from these isolates. The genomic data, including coding sequences, were analyzed to identify lineage, resistance genes, and plasmids. Results: The antibiogram results revealed that 11 of the 14 isolates were resistant to oxacillin, 6 to linezolid, and 1 to rifampicin, while none showed resistance to chloramphenicol. Eleven isolates were identified as MRSA, with a novel spa type (t4407) not previously reported in Jordan. High-quality sequencing data were obtained for only one isolate, i.e., A29, the genome showed 2,789,641 bp with a 32.7% GC content and contained 2650 coding sequences. Genomic analysis indicated the ST6 lineage, mecA gene (SCCmec type IVa(2B)), and a hybrid plasmid (pJOR_blaZ) carrying the blaZ gene for β-lactam resistance. Genomic data were deposited in NCBI (CP104989). The A29 genome closely resembled an MRSA genome isolated from a Danish hospital in 2011. The SNP analysis revealed identical antimicrobial resistance genes in these two genomes. Conclusions: This study unveils the first genomic sequence of an MRSA isolate from Jordan, marked by distinctive genotypic traits. The findings enhance our understanding of the MRSA types circulating in Jordan and the region and substantiate the phenomenon of intercontinental MRSA transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Gaber
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Heba M TumAllah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Nourhan H AbdelAllah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
- Clinical Trials Department, Central Administrative of Biological, Innovative Products and Clinical Trials, Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Wael A Al-Zereini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Abu-Lubad
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Amin A Aqel
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Walid F Elkhatib
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez 43713, Egypt
| | - Richard V Goering
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Ahmed M Soliman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
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Al-Zereini WA, Al-Trawneh IN, Al-Qudah MA, TumAllah HM, Abudayeh ZH, Hijazin T. Antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry essential oil with identification of its chemical constituents. Z NATURFORSCH C 2023; 78:105-112. [PMID: 35599246 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2022-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic plants embrace volatile compounds with efficiency in treating different diseases. In Jordan, Syzygium aromaticum flower buds (clove) are extensively used as folk medicine without awareness of its bio-safe dosage. Herein, clove buds were hydrodistilled using the Clevenger apparatus, and the resulting essential oil (CEO) was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated against tested bacterial strains by agar diffusion test and micro-broth dilution assay. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay, while the cytotoxic potency was unraveled by determination of its anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma and normal Vero cell lines. CEO yield was 5.7 ± 1.3% (w/w); encompassed 24 volatile ingredients with eugenol as the principal compound (73.41%). The CEO inhibited the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial test strains, causing the formation of 13.7 ± 1.5-17.3 ± 0.6 mm and 11.7 ± 1.5-20.7 ± 1.2 mm inhibition zones, respectively with MIC 1.25-5 μL/mL. Moreover, it showed antioxidant activity with IC50 0.0016 ± 0.0001 μL/mL (1.6 ± 0.1 μg/mL, 2.98 ± 0.4 µg Trolox®/µg CEO). Intriguingly, the CEO was cytotoxic against both cancerous and noncancerous cell lines at IC50 of 0.25 ± 0.02 μL/mL and 0.18 ± 0.01 μL/mL, respectively. Herein results unveil the potential application of CEO as a pharmaceutical remedy with considering its bio-safe dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A Al-Zereini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | | | - Mahmoud A Al-Qudah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Heba M TumAllah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Zead H Abudayeh
- Department of applied pharmaceutical sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Isra Private University, 11622 Amman, Jordan
| | - Tahani Hijazin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
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Al-Zereini WA, Al-Trawneh IN, Al-Qudah MA, TumAllah HM, Al Rawashdeh HA, Abudayeh ZH. Essential oils from Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton grains and Cinnamomum verum J. Presl barks: Chemical examination and bioactivity studies. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 2022. [DOI: 10.56499/jppres21.1162_10.1.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Context: Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton grains and Cinnamomum verum J. Presl barks are immensely consumed by Jordanian population as food flavoring and remedies in treating different disorders without awareness of their effect or dose toxicity. Aims: To evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of essential oils (EOs) hydro-distilled from E. cardamomum grains and C. verum barks. Methods: Hydro-distillation was carried out using Clevenger apparatus; the EOs were analyzed using GC/MS, and their constituents were quantified using GC/FID. The antibacterial activity was determined by agar diffusion test and micro-broth dilution assay, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Results: E. cardamomum EO was most effective against Bacillus subtilis with MIC 3.75 µL/mL and exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH assay with IC50 0.057 ±0.013 µL/mL (0.076 ±0.017 µL EO/µg Trolox®) but was ineffective in the ABTS test up to 5 µL/mL; 86.22% of its EO constituent are oxygenated monoterpenes with α-terpinyl acetate as the major component. Whilst C. verum EO was active against both tested Gram-positive and negative bacterial strains with MIC 1.25-5.00 µL/mL but was devoid of significant antioxidant activity up to 5 µL/mL; phenylpropanoids constituted 69.48% of its EO with E-cinnamaldehyde as the major component. Both EOs showed cytotoxic activity against the breast cancer cell line withIC50 0.14-0.46 µL/mL. Conclusions: The current results unveil the potential application of C. verum and E. cardamomum in complementary and alternative medicine as biosafe remedies besides their usage as flavoring and seasoning sources.
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