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Durrer I, Ackermann D, Klossner R, Grössl M, Vögel C, Du Toit T, Vogt B, Jamin H, Mohaupt MG, Gennari-Moser C. No extra-adrenal aldosterone production in various human cell lines. J Mol Endocrinol 2024; 72:e230100. [PMID: 38175924 PMCID: PMC10895282 DOI: 10.1530/jme-23-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Extra-adrenal de novo aldosterone (Aldo) production has been described inconsistently. Systematic data based upon state-of-the-art technology including validated controls are sparse. We hypothesized that aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression and de novo Aldo production are absent in nonadrenal human cell lines, either immortalized cell lines or commercially available primary cell lines, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of individuals without and with primary hyperaldosteronism (PA). CYP11B2-transfected COS-7 and endogenous CYP11B2 expressing adrenal H295R cells served as positive controls. Various well-characterized, purchased, immortalized (BeWo, HEK293, HTR-8/SVneo, JEG-3) and primary (HAEC, HLEC, HRGEC, HRMC, HUAEC, HUVEC, PBMC) cell lines as well as self-isolated PBMCs from PA patients (n = 5) were incubated with the steroid hormone substrates progesterone, deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone or 18-OH-corticosterone with and without Ang II for 24 h to assess CYP11B2 enzymatic activity. CYP11B2 expression was analyzed by real-time PCR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to quantify Aldo production. Pronounced CYP11B2 mRNA expression and Aldo production were observed in both positive controls, which followed an incremental time course. Neither substrates alone nor coincubation with Ang II significantly stimulated CYP11B2 expression or Aldo production in various immortalized and primary cell lines and PBMCs of PA patients. These results strongly support the absence of relevant de novo extra-adrenal Aldo production in nonadrenal cells, including blood mononuclear cells, irrespective of the absence or presence of autonomous adrenal Aldo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Durrer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ackermann
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Klossner
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sonnenhof, Lindenhofgruppe, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grössl
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa Vögel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Therina Du Toit
- Department for BioMedical Research University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Vogt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Jamin
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Mohaupt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sonnenhof, Lindenhofgruppe, Berne, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Carine Gennari-Moser
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
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Ackermann D, Vogt B, Bochud M, Burnier M, Martin PY, Paccaud F, Ehret G, Guessous I, Ponte B, Pruijm M, Pechère-Bertschi A, Jamin H, Klossner R, Dick B, Mohaupt MG, Gennari-Moser C. Increased glucocorticoid metabolism in diabetic kidney disease. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269920. [PMID: 35749380 PMCID: PMC9231809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims
Glomerular damage indicated by proteinuria is a main symptom in diabetic nephropathy. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists (MRAs) are beneficial irrespective of aldosterone availability. Thus, we hypothesized an alternatively activated MR to promote glomerular damage in proteinuric diabetic nephropathy. Specifically, we aimed first to demonstrate the presence of steroid hormones serving as alternative MR targets in type II diabetic patients with proteinuric kidney disease, second whether MR selectivity was modified, third to characterize MR and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and activity in glomerular cell types exposed to eu- and hyperglycemic conditions, fourth to characterize the pro-fibrotic potential of primary human renal mesangial cells (HRMC) upon stimulation with aldosterone and cortisol, and fifth to specify the involvement of the MR and/or GR in pro-fibrotic signaling.
Materials and methods
Urinary steroid hormone profiles of patients with diabetic kidney disease were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and compared to an age and gender matched healthy control group taken out of a population study. In both cohorts, the activity of the MR pre-receptor enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD11B2), which inactivates cortisol to prevent it from binding to the MR, was assessed to define a change in MR selectivity. Expression of HSD11B2, MR and GR was quantified in HRMC and primary human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGEC). Activity of MR and GR was explored in HRMC by measuring the MR/GR down-stream signal SGK1 and the pro-fibrotic genes TGFB1, FN1 and COL1A1 in normal and high glucose conditions with the MR/GR agonists aldosterone/cortisol and the MR/GR antagonists spironolactone/RU486.
Results
Patients with diabetic kidney disease excreted more tetrahydroaldosterone than the control group reaching significance in men. The excretion of MR-agonistic steroid hormones was only increased for 18-hydroxytetrahydrocorticosterone in diabetic women. The excretion of most glucocorticoids was higher in the diabetic cohort. Higher apparent systemic HSD11B2 activity suggested less activation of the MR by cortisol in diabetic patients. Both cell types, HRMC and HRGEC, lacked expression of HSD11B2. Hyperglycemic conditions did not change MR and GR expression and activity. Stimulation with both aldosterone and cortisol promoted upregulation of pro-fibrotic genes in HRMC. This effect of MR and/or GR activation was more pronounced in high glucose conditions and partially inhibited by MRAs and GR antagonists.
Conclusions
In patients with diabetic kidney disease alternative MR activation is conceivable as cortisol and cortisone metabolites are increased. Systemic availability of active metabolites is counteracted via an increased HSD11B2 activity. As this cortisol deactivation is absent in HRMC and HRGEC, cortisol binding to the MR is enabled. Both, cortisol and aldosterone stimulation led to an increased expression of pro-fibrotic genes in HRMC. This mechanism was related to the MR as well as the GR and more marked in high glucose conditions linking the benefit of MRAs in diabetic kidney disease to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ackermann
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
- Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) Team, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Vogt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
- Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) Team, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) Team, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Burnier
- Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) Team, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Martin
- Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) Team, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fred Paccaud
- Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) Team, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georg Ehret
- Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) Team, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) Team, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Belen Ponte
- Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) Team, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Menno Pruijm
- Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) Team, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Heidi Jamin
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Klossner
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sonnenhof, Lindenhofgruppe, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Markus G. Mohaupt
- Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) Team, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sonnenhof, Lindenhofgruppe, Berne, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carine Gennari-Moser
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Klossner R, Groessl M, Schumacher N, Fux M, Escher G, Verouti S, Jamin H, Vogt B, Mohaupt MG, Gennari-Moser C. Steroid hormone bioavailability is controlled by the lymphatic system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9666. [PMID: 33958648 PMCID: PMC8102502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88508-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroid hormone progesterone accounts for immune tolerance in pregnancy. Enhanced progesterone metabolism to 6α-OH-pregnanolone occurs in complicated pregnancies such as in preeclampsia with preterm delivery or intrauterine growth restriction, and in cancer. As lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) promote tumor immunity, we hypothesized that human LECs modify progesterone bioavailability. Primary human LECs and mice lymph nodes were incubated with progesterone and progesterone metabolism was analyzed by thin layer chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Expression of steroidogenic enzymes, down-stream signal and steroid hormone receptors was assessed by Real-time PCR. The placental cell line HTR-8/SV neo was used as reference. The impact of the progesterone metabolites of interest was investigated on the immune system by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. LECs metabolize progesterone to 6α-OH-pregnanolone and reactivate progesterone from a precursor. LECs highly express 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 and are therefore antiandrogenic and antiestrogenic. LECs express several steroid hormone receptors and PIBF1. Progesterone and its metabolites reduced TNF-α and IFN-γ production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. LECs modify progesterone bioavailability and are a target of steroid hormones. Given the global area represented by LECs, they might have a critical immunomodulatory control in pregnancy and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Klossner
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Lindenhofgruppe, 3006, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Groessl
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Schumacher
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Fux
- Department for Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Geneviève Escher
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Verouti
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Jamin
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Vogt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Mohaupt
- Department of Medicine, Lindenhofgruppe, 3006, Bern, Switzerland.,Campus SLB, Sitem, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Carine Gennari-Moser
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Adam J, Wuillemin N, Watkins S, Jamin H, Eriksson KK, Villiger P, Fontana S, Pichler WJ, Yerly D. Abacavir induced T cell reactivity from drug naïve individuals shares features of allo-immune responses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95339. [PMID: 24751900 PMCID: PMC3994040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abacavir hypersensitivity is a severe hypersensitivity reaction which occurs exclusively in carriers of the HLA-B*57∶01 allele. In vitro culture of PBMC with abacavir results in the outgrowth of abacavir-reacting CD8+ T cells, which release IFNγ and are cytotoxic. How this immune response is induced and what is recognized by these T cells is still a matter of debate. We analyzed the conditions required to develop an abacavir-dependent T cell response in vitro. The abacavir reactivity was independent of co-stimulatory signals, as neither DC maturation nor release of inflammatory cytokines were observed upon abacavir exposure. Abacavir induced T cells arose in the absence of professional APC and stemmed from naïve and memory compartments. These features are reminiscent of allo-reactivity. Screening for allo-reactivity revealed that about 5% of generated T cell clones (n = 136) from three donors were allo-reactive exclusively to the related HLA-B*58∶01. The addition of peptides which can bind to the HLA-B*57∶01-abacavir complex and to HLA-B*58∶01 during the induction phase increased the proportion of HLA-B*58∶01 allo-reactive T cell clones from 5% to 42%. In conclusion, abacavir can alter the HLA-B*57∶01-peptide complex in a way that mimics an allo-allele (‘altered self-allele’) and create the potential for robust T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Adam
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natascha Wuillemin
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Watkins
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Jamin
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klara K. Eriksson
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Villiger
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Fontana
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service of the Swiss Red Cross, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Werner J. Pichler
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel Yerly
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Yun J, Marcaida MJ, Eriksson KK, Jamin H, Fontana S, Pichler WJ, Yerly D. Oxypurinol Directly and Immediately Activates the Drug-Specific T Cells via the Preferential Use of HLA-B*58:01. J I 2014; 192:2984-93. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wehmeier A, Daum I, Jamin H, Schneider W. Incidence and clinical risk factors for bleeding and thrombotic complications in myeloproliferative disorders. A retrospective analysis of 260 patients. Ann Hematol 1991; 63:101-6. [PMID: 1912029 DOI: 10.1007/bf01707281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bleeding and thrombosis are frequent complications in myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) and are associated with severe organ damage and a high mortality. Elevated platelet count, elevated hematocrit, and patient age are regarded as risk factors for bleeding and thromboembolic events in MPD, although the significance of these parameters was not confirmed by clinical studies. We retrospectively analyzed vascular complications in 260 patients with MPD and tried to identify parameters predictive for bleeding and thrombembolic events. Our cohort consisted of 115 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 84 patients with polycythemia vera (PV), 26 with essential thrombocythemia (ET), 25 with osteomyelofibrosis (OMF), and 10 patients with unclassifiable MPD. During a median follow-up period of 31 months, 126 patients with chronic MPD suffered bleeding or thrombotic events. Bleeding was observed in 57% of patients with OMF, 23% with PV, 20% with chronic phase CML, and 16% with ET. Thrombotic events were most common in patients with PV (36% of patients), followed by ET, OMF, and chronic phase CML (20%, 17%, and 6% of patients, respectively). Recurrent thrombotic episodes frequently occurred in patients with PV and ET, whereas patients with OMF often had more than one bleeding event. Thirty patients died of thrombohemorrhagic complications during follow-up. Multivariate analysis, including all patients with chronic MPD, revealed that elevated red blood cell count, higher hemoglobin level, and increased percentage of segmented neutrophils at the time of diagnosis were associated with thrombosis, whereas patients with bleeding complications were characterized by low red cell count, lower hemoglobin, and a lower percentage of segmented neutrophils. However, when analyzed by MPD subgroup, none of these parameters retained a predictive value for bleeding or thrombotic events. Moreover, elevated platelet count and patient age were not risk factors for bleeding complications. Thrombotic events were less frequent in patients below the age of 40, and were increased in patients aged 70 and above. However, this was primarily due to the high percentage of elderly patients in subgroups mainly affected by thrombosis (PV and ET). In most MPD subgroups, the rate of bleeding and thrombosis was highest just before and during the first months after diagnosis, and declined thereafter. Thrombohemorrhagic complications were less frequent after phlebotomy in PV and after therapy with alkylating agents in CML. The institution of cytoreductive therapy soon after the diagnosis was made may explain the reduced incidence of complications later in the disease. We conclude that morbidity and mortality from thrombohemorrhagic complications are high in myeloproliferative disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wehmeier
- Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Hämatologie, Düsseldorf, FRG
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