1
|
Alshiekh S, Maziarz M, Geraghty DE, Larsson HE, Agardh D. High-resolution genotyping indicates that children with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease share three HLA class II loci in DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5 genes. HLA 2020; 97:44-51. [PMID: 33043613 PMCID: PMC7756432 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD) share common genetic loci, mainly within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II complex. Extended genotyping of HLA class II alleles and their potential risk for developing both diseases remains to be studied. The present study compared extended HLA-class II gene polymorphisms in children with T1D, CD, and a subgroup diagnosed with both diseases (T1D w/CD). Next-generation targeted sequencing (NGTS) of HLA-DRB3, DRB4, DRB5, DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1, and DPB1 alleles from DNA collected from 68 T1D, 219 CD, and seven T1D w/CD patients were compared with 636 HLA-genotyped Swedish children from the general population selected as controls. In comparison to controls, the DRB4*01:03:01 allele occurred more frequently in T1D w/CD (odds ratio (OR) = 7.84; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = (2.24, 34.5), P = 0.0002) and T1D (OR = 3.86; 95% CI, (2.69, 5.55), P = 1.07 × 10-14 ), respectively. The DRB3*01:01:02 allele occurred more frequently in CD as compared to controls (OR = 7.87; 95% CI, (6.17, 10.03), P = 4.24 × 10-71 ), but less frequently in T1D (OR = 2.59; 95% CI, (1.76, 3.81), P = 7.29 × 10-07 ) and T1D w/CD (OR = 0.87; 95% CI, (0.09, 3.96), P ≤ 0.999). The frequency of the DRB4*01:03:01-DRB1*04:01:01-DQA1*03:01:01-DQB1*03:02:01 (DR4-DQ8) haplotype was higher in T1D w/CD (OR = 12.88; 95% CI (4.35, 38.14) P = 3.75 × 10-9 ), and moderately higher in T1D (OR = 2.13; 95% CI (1.18, 3.83) P = 0.01) compared with controls, but comparable in CD (OR = 1.45; 95% CI (0.94, 2.21), P = 0.08) and controls. Children with T1D and CD are associated with DRB4*01:03:01, DRB3*01:01:02, and DRB3*02:02:01 of which DRB4*01:03:01 confers the strongest risk allele for developing T1D w/CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shehab Alshiekh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marlena Maziarz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniel E Geraghty
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helena E Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ludvigsson J, Routray I, Elluru S, Leanderson P, Larsson HE, Rathsman B, Hanås R, Carlsson A, Ek T, Samuelsson U, Torbjörnsdotter T, Åman J, Örtqvist E, Badwal K, Beam C, Casas R. Combined vitamin D, ibuprofen and glutamic acid decarboxylase-alum treatment in recent onset Type I diabetes: lessons from the DIABGAD randomized pilot trial. Future Sci OA 2020. [PMID: 32802401 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa‐2020‐0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Double-blind placebo-controlled intervention using glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-alum, vitamin D and Ibuprofen in recent onset Type I diabetes (T1D). Methods 64 patients (T1D since <4 months, age 10-17.99, fasting sC-peptide ≥0.12 nmol/l, GADA-positive) were randomized into Day(D) 1-90 400 mg/day Ibuprofen, D1-450 vitamin D 2000 IU/day, D15, 45 sc. 20 μg GAD-alum; as A but placebo instead of Ibuprofen; as B but 40 μg GAD-alum D15, 45; placebo. Results Treatment was safe and tolerable. No C-peptide preservation was observed. We observed a linear correlation of baseline C-peptide, HbA1c and insulin/per kilogram/24 h with change in C-peptide AUC at 15 months (r = -0.776, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Ibuprofen, vitamin D + GAD-alum did not preserve C-peptide. Treatment efficacy was influenced by baseline clinical and immunological factors and vitamin D concentration. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT01785108 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Ludvigsson
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Crown Princess Victoria Children´s Hospital & Div of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Indusmita Routray
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sriramulu Elluru
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Leanderson
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Occupational & Environmental Medicine Center, Linköping University, Linköping S-58185, Sweden
| | - Helena E Larsson
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden & Department of Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, SE-21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Björn Rathsman
- Sachska Pediatric Hospital, Södersjukhuset, SE-11861 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Hanås
- Department of Pediatrics, NU Hospital Group, SE 45153 Uddevalla, Sweden & Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annelie Carlsson
- Pediatric Autoimmunity, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden, Skåne University Hospital, SE-22242 Lund, Sweden
| | - Torben Ek
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Halland, SE 30233 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Ulf Samuelsson
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Crown Princess Victoria Children´s Hospital & Div of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Torun Torbjörnsdotter
- Department of Women & Child Health, Astrid Lindgrens Children's Hospital at Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Åman
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, SE 70382 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Örtqvist
- Department of Women & Child Health, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital at Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karun Badwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Craig Beam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Rosaura Casas
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, SE 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Winkler C, Haupt F, Heigermoser M, Zapardiel‐Gonzalo J, Ohli J, Faure T, Kalideri E, Hommel A, Delivani P, Berner R, Kordonouri O, Roloff F, von dem Berge T, Lange K, Oltarzewski M, Glab R, Szypowska A, Snape MD, Vatish M, Todd JA, Larsson HE, Ramelius A, Kördel JÅ, Casteels K, Paulus J, Ziegler AG, Bonifacio E. Identification of infants with increased type 1 diabetes genetic risk for enrollment into Primary Prevention Trials-GPPAD-02 study design and first results. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:720-727. [PMID: 31192505 PMCID: PMC6851563 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires intervention in genetically at-risk infants. The Global Platform for the Prevention of Autoimmune Diabetes (GPPAD) has established a screening program, GPPAD-02, that identifies infants with a genetic high risk of T1D, enrolls these into primary prevention trials, and follows the children for beta-cell autoantibodies and diabetes. Genetic testing is offered either at delivery, together with the regular newborn testing, or at a newborn health care visits before the age of 5 months in regions of Germany (Bavaria, Saxony, Lower Saxony), UK (Oxford), Poland (Warsaw), Belgium (Leuven), and Sweden (Region Skåne). Seven clinical centers will screen around 330 000 infants. Using a genetic score based on 46 T1D susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or three SNPS and a first-degree family history for T1D, infants with a high (>10%) genetic risk for developing multiple beta-cell autoantibodies by the age of 6 years are identified. Screening from October 2017 to December 2018 was performed in 50 669 infants. The prevalence of high genetic risk for T1D in these infants was 1.1%. Infants with high genetic risk for T1D are followed up and offered to participate in a randomized controlled trial aiming to prevent beta-cell autoimmunity and T1D by tolerance induction with oral insulin. The GPPAD-02 study provides a unique path to primary prevention of beta-cell autoimmunity in the general population. The eventual benefit to the community, if successful, will be a reduction in the number of children developing beta-cell autoimmunity and T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Winkler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMunichGermany,Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMunichGermany
| | - Florian Haupt
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMunichGermany,Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMunichGermany
| | - Martin Heigermoser
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMunichGermany
| | - Jose Zapardiel‐Gonzalo
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMunichGermany
| | - Jasmin Ohli
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMunichGermany
| | - Theresa Faure
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMunichGermany
| | - Evdokia Kalideri
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMunichGermany
| | - Angela Hommel
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD)Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Petrina Delivani
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD)Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Reinhard Berner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Olga Kordonouri
- Hannoversche Kinderheilanstalt, Kinder‐ und Jugendkrankenhaus AUF DER BULTHannoverGermany
| | - Frank Roloff
- Hannoversche Kinderheilanstalt, Kinder‐ und Jugendkrankenhaus AUF DER BULTHannoverGermany
| | - Thekla von dem Berge
- Hannoversche Kinderheilanstalt, Kinder‐ und Jugendkrankenhaus AUF DER BULTHannoverGermany
| | - Karin Lange
- Department of Medical PsychologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | | | | | | | - Matthew D. Snape
- Department of Paediatrics, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - John A. Todd
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Helena E. Larsson
- Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityLundSweden,Department of PaediatricsSkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | | | | | - Kristina Casteels
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium,Department of Development and RegenerationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jasmin Paulus
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anette G. Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMunichGermany,Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMunichGermany,Forschergruppe DiabetesKlinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD)Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Children developing type 1 diabetes may have risk markers already in their umbilical cord blood. It is hypothesized that the risk for type 1 diabetes at an early age may be increased by a pathogenic pregnancy and be reflected in altered cord-blood composition. This study used metabolomics to test if the cord-blood lipidome was affected in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 8 years of age. The present case-control study of 76 index children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 8 years of age and 76 healthy control subjects matched for HLA risk, sex, and date of birth, as well as the mother's age and gestational age, revealed that cord-blood phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines were significantly decreased in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 4 years of age. Reduced levels of triglycerides correlated to gestational age in index and control children and to age at diagnosis only in the index children. Finally, gestational infection during the first trimester was associated with lower cord-blood total lysophosphatidylcholines in index and control children. In conclusion, metabolomics of umbilical cord blood may identify children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes. Low phospholipid levels at birth may represent key mediators of the immune system and contribute to early induction of islet autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria La Torre
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Daria La Torre, or
| | | | - Helena E. Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Sten A. Ivarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Abstract
The clinical onset of type 1 diabetes or autoimmune diabetes occurs after a prodrome of islet autoimmunity. The warning signals for the ensuing loss of pancreatic islet beta cells are autoantibodies against insulin, GAD65, IA-2 and ZnT8, alone or in combinations. Autoantibodies against, for example, insulin alone have only a minor risk of type 1 diabetes. However, progression to clinical onset is increased by the induction of multiple islet autoantibodies. At the time of clinical onset, insulitis may be manifest, which seems to reduce the efficacy of immunosuppression. Autoantigen-specific immunotherapy with alum-formulated GAD65 (Diamyd(®)) shows promise to reduce the loss of beta-cell function after the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes. The mechanisms are unclear but may involve the induction of T regulatory cells, which may suppress islet autoantigen reactivity. Past and ongoing clinical trials have been safe. Future clinical trials, perhaps as combination autoantigen-specific immunotherapy, may increase the efficacy in preventing the clinical onset in subjects with islet autoantibodies or preserve residual beta-cell function in patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H E Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Juneja RK, Penedo MC, Larsson HE, Gahne B, Bowling AT. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of the plasma proteins of alpacas and llamas: genetic polymorphism of alpha 1B-glycoprotein and three other proteins. Anim Genet 2009; 20:395-406. [PMID: 2619106 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1989.tb00895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plasma samples of alpacas and llamas were analysed by a simple method of two-dimensional (2-D) agarose gel (pH 8.6)-horizontal polyacrylamide gel (pH 9.0) electrophoresis, followed by general protein staining of gels. Genetic polymorphism in both species is described for alpha 1B-glycoprotein (alpha 1B) and three other unidentified proteins designated prealbumin (Pr), postalbumin 1 and 2 (Pa1 and Pa2). alpha 1B was identified by cross-reactivity with antisera for human and pig alpha 1B. Altogether, two alleles of Pr, two of Pa1, five of alpha 1B and three of Pa2 are described. Most of the alleles were present in alpacas and llamas. Alpacas showed a high degree of polymorphism at all four loci. Llamas showed considerable polymorphism at only the Pa1 and Pa2 loci. The theoretical probability of exclusion (PE) of an incorrectly assigned parent was estimated to be about 80% in each species by typing for the six polymorphic plasma proteins reported so far in these species. The given method of 2-D electrophoresis revealed no fixed differences in protein mobilities that discriminate between llamas and alpacas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Juneja
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Resic-Lindehammer S, Larsson K, Ortqvist E, Carlsson A, Cederwall E, Cilio CM, Ivarsson SA, Jönsson BA, Larsson HE, Lynch K, Neiderud J, Nilsson A, Sjöblad S, Lernmark A, Aili M, Bååth LE, Carlsson E, Edenwall H, Forsander G, Granstro BW, Gustavsson I, Hanås R, Hellenberg L, Hellgren H, Holmberg E, Hörnell H, Ivarsson SA, Johansson C, Jonsell G, Kockum K, Lindblad B, Lindh A, Ludvigsson J, Myrdal U, Neiderud J, Segnestam K, Sjöblad S, Skogsberg L, Strömberg L, Ståhle U, Thalme B, Tullus K, Tuvemo T, Wallensteen M, Westphal O, Aman J. Temporal trends of HLA genotype frequencies of type 1 diabetes patients in Sweden from 1986 to 2005 suggest altered risk. Acta Diabetol 2008; 45:231-5. [PMID: 18769865 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-008-0048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes in 1-18-year-old patients with type 1 diabetes newly diagnosed in 1986-1987 (n = 430), 1996-2000 (n = 342) and in 2003-2005 (n = 171). We tested the hypothesis that the HLA DQ genotype distribution changes over time. Swedish type 1 diabetes patients and controls were typed for HLA using polymerase chain reaction amplification and allele specific probes for DQ A1* and B1* alleles. The most common type 1 diabetes HLA DQA1*-B1*genotype 0501-0201/0301-0302 was 36% (153/430) in 1986-1987 and 37% (127/342) in 1996-2000, but decreased to 19% (33/171) in 2003-2005 (P \ 0.0001). The 0501-0201/0501-0201 genotype increased from 1% in 1986-1987 to 7% in 1996-2000 (P = 0.0047) and to 5% in 2003-2005 (P > 0.05). This study in 1-18-year-old Swedish type 1 diabetes patients supports the notion that there is a temporal change in HLA risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Resic-Lindehammer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Diabetes and Celiac Disease, University Hospital MAS, CRC/Lund University, Ent 72 Bldg 91 Floor 10, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Juneja RK, Niini T, Larsson HE, Gahne B. Three new plasma protein polymorphisms in domestic foxes, detected by a simple method of 2D horizontal electrophoresis. Hereditas 2008; 110:159-64. [PMID: 2745152 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1989.tb00436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma samples of 270 foxes from 45 complete families (14 of arctic foxes, 28 of silver foxes and 3 with arctic x silver fox hybrid offspring) were analysed by a method of two-dimensional agarose gel (pH 5.4)-horizontal polyacrylamide gel (pH 9.0) electrophoresis followed by general-protein staining of gels. Genetic polymorphism of three plasma proteins, tentatively designated prealbumin (Pr), postalbumin 1 (Pa1), and pretransferin 1 (Prt1), was observed. In silver foxes, Pa1 and Prt1 showed a high degree of polymorphism, each with 3 common alleles, while Pr showed a scarce polymorphism. The arctic foxes were monomorphic for Pr and Prt1 and showed a scarce Pa1 polymorphism. The Prt1 phenotype of arctic foxes showed identical mobility with one of the Prt1 variants of silver foxes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Larsson HE, Lynch K, Lernmark B, Hansson G, Lernmark A, Ivarsson SA. Relationship between increased relative birthweight and infections during pregnancy in children with a high-risk diabetes HLA genotype. Diabetologia 2007; 50:1161-9. [PMID: 17406854 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Children with high-risk type 1 diabetes HLA genotype have increased risk of high relative birthweight (HrBW), while cord blood islet autoantibodies decrease the risk. As gestational infections may affect offspring type 1 diabetes risk, the aims were to test whether: (1) children of mothers reporting gestational infections have increased HrBW; (2) gestational infections explain islet autoantibody reduction of HrBW; and (3) gestational infections affect the association between HLA and HrBW. SUBJECTS AND METHODS HLA genotypes and autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulinoma-associated protein 2 and insulin were determined in cord blood of children born to non-diabetic mothers in the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne (DiPiS) study. Mothers reported gestational infections when the child was 2 months old. RESULTS Fever or gastroenteritis during pregnancy was reported by 2,848/19,756 mothers (14%); 339 in more than one trimester. Children whose mothers reported infections had increased risk of HrBW (p = 0.0003), particularly in the absence of cord blood islet autoantibodies (interaction between HrBW, islet autoantibodies and infections, p = 0.0005). The effect on HrBW by high-risk HLA-DQ2/8 was aggravated by infections in more than one trimester (odds ratio [OR] = 5.24; p = 0.003) (interaction; p = 0.022). When infections were reported, cord blood islet autoantibodies decreased HrBW (OR = 0.34; p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study revealed that: (1) gestational fever, gastroenteritis, or both, increased the risk of HrBW; (2) cord blood islet autoantibodies decreased the risk of HrBW only in combination with infections; and (3) infections aggravated the association between HLA-DQ2/8 and HrBW. These data suggest an interaction between HLA, gestational infections, islet autoantibodies and fetal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H E Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, 205-02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Larsson HE, Lynch K, Lernmark B, Nilsson A, Hansson G, Almgren P, Lernmark A, Ivarsson SA. Diabetes-associated HLA genotypes affect birthweight in the general population. Diabetologia 2005; 48:1484-91. [PMID: 15991024 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 03/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that HLA genotypes conferring risk of diabetes, cord blood autoantibodies, or both are associated with increased birthweight. METHODS HLA genotypes were determined in dried blood spots of cord blood from a total of 16,709 children born to healthy mothers in the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne (DiPiS) study, a population-based observational clinical investigation of newborn children. Children born to mothers with diabetes or gestational diabetes were excluded. Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) and insulinoma-associated protein 2 were determined in standard radioligand binding assays. Birthweight was adjusted for gestational age and divided into quartiles. The upper quartile was defined as high relative birthweight (HrBW) and the lower quartile as low relative birthweight (LrBW). RESULTS Genotypes conferring risk of type 1 diabetes were strongly associated with relative birthweight (rBW) (p=0.01). The high-risk HLA-DQ2/8, DQ8/0604 and DQ8/X genotypes were associated with HrBW (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI]=1.20 [1.08-1.33], p=0.0006). The HLA-DQB1*0603 allele, which is negatively associated with type 1 diabetes, was also associated with HrBW (p=0.025), confirming a previous report on DQB1*0603-linked HLA-DR13. GAD65Ab were negatively associated with HrBW (OR [95% CI]=0.72 [0.56-0.93], p=0.01). Regression analysis showed that the HLA-associated increase in rBW was independent of confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION HLA genotypes may be associated with intrauterine growth independent of type 1 diabetes risk. The epidemiological observation that high birthweight is a risk factor for type 1 diabetes could possibly result from a moderating effect on intrauterine growth of HLA genotypes conferring a high risk of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H E Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Phenotypes of cat plasma apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4), antithrombin 3 (AT3), alpha 1B-glycoprotein (A1BG), transferrin (TF), vitamin D-binding protein (GC), and an unidentified pretransferrin (PTF) were determined by using simple methods of horizontal, nondenaturing gel electrophoresis followed by protein staining. The cat proteins were identified by immunoblotting using antisera for human plasma proteins. Three alleles were reported for each of TF and PTF, and two alleles were reported for each of GC, APOA4, AT3, and A1BG. The mongrels and Persians showed a high degree of polymorphism at most of the loci whereas the Birmans exhibited much less variation. Genetic evidence indicating the occurrence of a monomeric and a dimeric form of APOA4 in cat plasma was reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Juneja
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Two families with the congenital X-linked infantile form of myotubular myopathy have been investigated by linkage analysis using markers from the X-chromosome. Linkage was found at the locus Xq28 (with DXS52). The analysis gave a peak lod score of 2.41 at the recombination fraction zero. Free recombinations (theta = 0.50) were seen using the markers DXS84, DXS14 and DXS146 from the p arm of the X-chromosome. Since the disorder is very rare, it is important to add cumulative linkage data from the few families that do exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Darnfors
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|