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Ossick MV, Assalin HB, Kiehl IGA, Salustiano ACC, Rocha GZ, Ferrari KL, Linarelli MCB, Degasperi G, Reis LO. Carcinogenesis and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Intravesical Treatment of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer under Tryptophan and Thymine Supplementation. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2687-2694. [PMID: 33287590 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1856389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate tryptophan and thymine (TT) impact on carcinogenesis and intravesical BCG bladder cancer treatment. METHODS After identification of TT in vitro inhibitory effect in multiple cancer cell cultures, bladder cancer animal model was induced by MNU intravesical instillations and randomized into four groups: Control (n = 9), BCG (n = 9), TT (n = 7), and BCG + TT (n = 8). BCG groups received intravesical 106 CFU BCG in 0.2 ml saline for 6 consecutive weeks and TT groups received 1 g/kg (1:1) of TT via daily gavage. After 15 wk of protocol, animals were euthanized and the urinary bladders submitted to histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. RESULTS Urothelial cancer was identified in 100%, 85.7%, 44.5%, and 37.5% of Control, TT, BCG, and BCG + TT groups, respectively. Cell proliferation marked by nuclear Ki-67 was higher in the Control compared to animals in the other groups (P = 0.03). BCG, TT, and BCG + TT groups showed proliferative cell decline and TLR4/5 labeling increase in the urothelium. BCG decreased the urothelial VEGF labeling, even in TT association. CONCLUSION TT inhibit urothelial carcinogenesis and potentiate the intravesical BCG in the treatment of bladder cancer by reducing cell proliferation and activating TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Ossick
- Department of UroScience, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa B Assalin
- Department of UroScience, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isis G A Kiehl
- Department of UroScience, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C C Salustiano
- Department of UroScience, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Zweig Rocha
- Department of UroScience, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen L Ferrari
- Department of UroScience, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C B Linarelli
- Department of UroScience, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Degasperi
- Department of UroScience, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo O Reis
- Department of UroScience, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of UroScience, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kiehl IGA, Riccetto E, Salustiano ACC, Ossick MV, Ferrari KL, Assalin HB, Ikari O, Reis LO. Boosting bladder cancer treatment by intravesical nitazoxanide and bacillus calmette-guérin association. World J Urol 2020; 39:1187-1194. [PMID: 32488358 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has shown a promising antitumoral effect, the current study compared the anti-neoplastic effects of intravesical NTZ and BCG plus NTZ in NMIBC animal model. METHODS 30 rats, Fisher 344 were instilled with 4 intravesical doses of 1.5 mg/kg of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) every 15 days for BC induction. The animals were divided into 3 groups (Group BCG 106 UFC - 1 mg of BCG; Group NTZ - 300 mg/kg of NTZ; Group NTZ + BCG - simultaneous treatment of BCG and NTZ) and received weekly intravesical treatment for 6 consecutive weeks. Animals were submitted to ultrasound imaging and euthanasia, their bladders were collected and histopathological, immunohistochemical tests (ki67 e c-Myc) and Western Blotting (PI3K, mTOR, and p-4E-BP) were performed. RESULTS Histopathological tests showed 66.67%, 62.5% and 37.5% incidence of BC in animals treated with BCG, NTZ, and NTZ + BCG, respectively. Nuclear positivity for ki-67 in BC animals were 12.4% (IC 10.1-14.6%), 13.2% (IC 10.5-15.9%) and 8.8% (IC 6.0-11.6%) in BCG, NTZ and NTZ + BCG group, respectively (p = 0.063). Between animals with carcinoma, c-Myc strong positive was 40.10% in NTZ, 32.2% in BCG and 19.90% in the NTZ + BCG group (p < 0.001). Blotting has shown mTOR (p = 0.0473) and PI3K inhibition (p = 0.0349) in the presence of BCG, added to 4-EBP inhibition in the presence of NTZ (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS Results show the possible synergy between the gold standard BC treatment BCG and NTZ, in which multiple targets inhibition such as c-Myc and downstream mTOR, p-4E-BP and PI3K might play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis G A Kiehl
- UroScience, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Riccetto
- UroScience, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C C Salustiano
- UroScience, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina V Ossick
- UroScience, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Heloisa B Assalin
- UroScience, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osamu Ikari
- UroScience, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo O Reis
- School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas) and UroScience, University of Campinas (Unicamp), R. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, CEP, 13060-904.
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Pedro MN, Rocha GZ, Guadagnini D, Santos A, Magro DO, Assalin HB, Oliveira AG, Pedro RDJ, Saad MJA. Insulin Resistance in HIV-Patients: Causes and Consequences. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:514. [PMID: 30233499 PMCID: PMC6133958 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we review how immune activation and insulin resistance contribute to the metabolic alterations observed in HIV-infected patients, and how these alterations increase the risk of developing CVD. The introduction and evolution of antiretroviral drugs over the past 25 years has completely changed the clinical prognosis of HIV-infected patients. The deaths of these individuals are now related to atherosclerotic CVDs, rather than from the viral infection itself. However, HIV infection, cART, and intestinal microbiota are associated with immune activation and insulin resistance, which can lead to the development of a variety of diseases and disorders, especially with regards to CVDs. The increase in LPS and proinflammatory cytokines circulating levels and intracellular mechanisms activate serine kinases, resulting in insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) serine phosphorylation and consequently a down regulation in insulin signaling. While lifestyle modifications and pharmaceutical interventions can be employed to treat these altered metabolic functions, the mechanisms involved in the development of these chronic complications remain largely unresolved. The elucidation and understanding of these mechanisms will give rise to new classes of drugs that will further improve the quality of life of HIV-infected patients, over the age of 50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo N. Pedro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Z. Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andrey Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniela O. Magro
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Heloisa B. Assalin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G. Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Rogerio de Jesus Pedro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mario J. A. Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Mario J. A. Saad
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Ardisson LP, Minicucci MF, Azevedo PS, Chiuso-Minicucci F, Matsubara BB, Matsubara LS, Santos PP, Assalin HB, Novo R, Novelli EL, Sant'ana LS, Paiva SAR, Zornoff LAM. Influence of AIN-93 diet on mortality and cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats. Int J Cardiol 2010; 156:265-9. [PMID: 21095625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The AIN-93 diet was proposed by the American Institute of Nutrition with the objective of standardising studies in experimental nutrition. Our objective was to analyze the effects of AIN-93 diet after myocardial infarction in rats. METHODS Post weaning, the animals were divided into two groups: control (C, n=62), fed the standard diet of our laboratory (Labina); AIN-93 Group (n=70), fed the AIN-93 diet. Achieving 250 g, the animals were subjected to myocardial infarction. RESULTS Early mortality was increased in AIN-93 animals, associated with lower serum levels of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and phosphorus. On the other hand, after 90 days, AIN-93 showed smaller normalized left ventricular dimensions. The caloric and carbohydrate intake was smaller, but the fat intake was higher in AIN-93 rats. AIN-93 group also showed increased levels of β-hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase and citrate synthase. In addition, serum levels of insulin and cardiac levels of malondialdehyde, metalloproteinases-2 and -9, and TNF-α and IFN-γ were decreased in the AIN-93 group. CONCLUSION AIN-93 diet increased early mortality, while attenuated the chronic remodeling process after experimental coronary occlusion. Therefore, this diet has biological effects and should be use with attention in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane P Ardisson
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
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