Development and Characterization of Sulfasalazine Cubosomes for Potential Transdermal Drug Delivery

BACKGROUND

Rheumatoid arthritis is indeed a constant, progressive autoimmune disease that acts on the synovial membrane, distinguished by joint pain, swelling, and tenderness. Sulfasala- zine belongs to BCS Class IV having low solubility and low permeability. To overcome the issue and provide a localized effect Cubosomes were chosen for the transdermal drug delivery system.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this investigation was to pass on sulfasalazine-loaded cubo- somes over the skin to treat rheumatoid arthritis. On the way to overcome this issue of oral sulfasala- zine and provide localized effect, Cubosomes were chosen for the transdermal drug delivery system.

METHODS

Sulfasalazine-loaded cubosomes were prepared by the top-down method using GMO and Poloxamer 407. Different concentrations of lipid and surfactant were used in the formulation using 32 full factorial designs. The prepared formulations were assessed for p.s, z,p, %EE, FTIR, SEM, in- vitro release, ex-vivo permeation, and deposition studies with pH 7.4 phosphate buffer saline.

RESULTS

The particle size varies between 65 nm to 129 nm, while the negative zeta potential ranged from - 18.8 mV to -24.8 mV. The entrapment efficiency was between 87% and 95%. The formulations' in-vitro drug release was carried out for 12 hours. The optimized formulation showed a controlled release of sul- fasalazine and better ex-vivo permeation and deposition properties than sulfasalazine suspension.

CONCLUSION

Overall study findings support the possibility of applying transdermal sulfasalazine- loaded cubosomes to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) About Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 among the General Public

Background: A Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) survey is a quantitative method (predefined questions formatted in standardized questionnaires) that provides qualitative and quantitative information. Measure the extent of a known situation; provides new tangents of a situations reality This has resulted in the public becoming more cautious, thereby minimizing the transmission of the disease to a certain level. Introduction: COVID-19 (COVID-19 is disease caused by a new strain of Coronavirus. ’CO’ stands for corona, ’VI’ for virus, and ‘D’ for disease. the most common symptoms which appear 2-14 days after exposure [1].Headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, sore throat and muscle weakness are some of the less common symptoms experienced by some people, while some others may not develop any symptoms until later. This study is conducted to understand the extent of awareness among the general public and the importance of preventing the spread of Coronavirus infection in the community. An online questionnaire survey is conducted consisting the essential parameters about the important aspects of disease spread. Objective: To assess Coronavirus awareness among people. To understand the attitude of people towards Coronavirus Results: A total number of 564 participants took part In this study during the study period of 6months. Among which 325 were male and 239 were female. The male participants compromised the majority percentage (57%) of the total number of participants while the female participants comprised only (42.4%) of the participants. The result showed a significant correlation between female gender, higher age, and higher education, with knowledge, attitude, and practice. Conclusion: To adhere to the guidelines released by the Government and the guidelines provided by the WHO have played an extremely vital role in improving the knowledge and awareness among the general population which in turn brought positive effects in people’s attitude and practices towards Coronavirus since the WHO’s declaration of Coronavirus as a pandemic. This has resulted in the public becoming more cautious, thereby minimizing the transmission of the disease to a certain level. Several public health measures which are now being implemented around the world will hopefully diminish the spread of the virus while safe and effective treatments and vaccines are being developed to terminate it.