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Peña-Asensio J, Calvo H, Miquel J, Sanz-de-Villalobos E, González-Praetorius A, Torralba M, Larrubia JR. Letter: the probability to predict HBV-specific CD8+ cell response derived from HLA-A2+ may not foresee the functional cure well in Asian off-therapy cohort-authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:1312-1313. [PMID: 36168258 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Peña-Asensio
- Department of Biology of Systems, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Henar Calvo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Guadalajara University Hospital, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Joaquín Miquel
- Section of Gastroenterology, Guadalajara University Hospital, Guadalajara, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel Torralba
- Service of Internal Medicine, Guadalajara University Hospital, Guadalajara, Spain.,Department of Medicine & Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan-Ramón Larrubia
- Section of Gastroenterology, Guadalajara University Hospital, Guadalajara, Spain.,Department of Medicine & Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Peña‐Asensio J, Calvo H, Miquel J, Sanz‐de‐Villalobos E, González‐Praetorius A, Torralba M, Larrubia J. Model to predict on-treatment restoration of functional HBV-specific CD8 + cell response foresees off-treatment HBV control in eAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 55:1545-1559. [PMID: 35224746 PMCID: PMC9305412 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD8+ cell response restoration during nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC) treatment could lead to off-treatment HBV control in e-antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHBe(-)). AIM To predict this response with variables involved in T-cell exhaustion for use as a treatment stopping tool. METHODS In NUC-treated CHBe(-) patients, we considered a functional response in cases with HBV-specific CD8+ cells against core and polymerase HBV epitopes able to proliferate and secrete type I cytokines after antigen encounter. We performed a logistic regression model (LRM) to predict the likelihood of developing this response, based on patient age (subrogate of infection length), HBsAg level, NUC therapy starting point and duration (antigenic pressure). We discontinued treatment and assessed HBV DNA dynamics, HBsAg decline and loss during off-treatment follow-up according to LRM likelihood. RESULTS We developed an LRM that predicted the presence of a proliferative type I cytokine-secreting CD8+ cell response, which correlated positively with treatment duration and negatively with treatment initiation after the age of 40 years and with age adjusted by HBsAg level. We observed a positive correlation between LRM probability and intensity of proliferation, number of epitopes with the functional proliferating response and type I cytokine secretion level. Off-treatment, HBsAg loss, HBsAg decline >50% and HBV control were more frequent in the group with >90% LRM probability. CONCLUSIONS Short-term low-level antigen exposure and early long-term NUC treatment influence the restoration of a functional HBV-specific CD8+ cell response. Based on these predictors, a high likelihood of detecting this response at treatment withdrawal is associated with off-treatment HBV control and HBsAg decline and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Peña‐Asensio
- Department of Biology of SystemsUniversity of AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Henar Calvo
- Section of GastroenterologyGuadalajara University HospitalGuadalajaraSpain
| | - Joaquín Miquel
- Section of GastroenterologyGuadalajara University HospitalGuadalajaraSpain
| | | | | | - Miguel Torralba
- Service of Internal MedicineGuadalajara University HospitalGuadalajaraSpain,Department of Medicine & Medical SpecialtiesUniversity of AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Juan‐Ramón Larrubia
- Section of GastroenterologyGuadalajara University HospitalGuadalajaraSpain,Department of Medicine & Medical SpecialtiesUniversity of AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
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Peña-Asensio J, Calvo H, Torralba M, Miquel J, Sanz-de-Villalobos E, Larrubia JR. Gamma-Chain Receptor Cytokines & PD-1 Manipulation to Restore HCV-Specific CD8 + T Cell Response during Chronic Hepatitis C. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030538. [PMID: 33802622 PMCID: PMC8001543 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8+ T cell response is essential in natural HCV infection control, but it becomes exhausted during persistent infection. Nowadays, chronic HCV infection can be resolved by direct acting anti-viral treatment, but there are still some non-responders that could benefit from CD8+ T cell response restoration. To become fully reactive, T cell needs the complete release of T cell receptor (TCR) signalling but, during exhaustion this is blocked by the PD-1 effect on CD28 triggering. The T cell pool sensitive to PD-1 modulation is the progenitor subset but not the terminally differentiated effector population. Nevertheless, the blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint cannot be always enough to restore this pool. This is due to the HCV ability to impair other co-stimulatory mechanisms and metabolic pathways and to induce a pro-apoptotic state besides the TCR signalling impairment. In this sense, gamma-chain receptor cytokines involved in memory generation and maintenance, such as low-level IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21, might carry out a positive effect on metabolic reprogramming, apoptosis blockade and restoration of co-stimulatory signalling. This review sheds light on the role of combinatory immunotherapeutic strategies to restore a reactive anti-HCV T cell response based on the mixture of PD-1 blocking plus IL-2/IL-7/IL-15/IL-21 treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hepacivirus/immunology
- Hepacivirus/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/drug effects
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Interleukins/therapeutic use
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/drug effects
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/immunology
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/virology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/agonists
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Peña-Asensio
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Department of Biology of Systems, University of Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Henar Calvo
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Miguel Torralba
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Service of Internal Medicine, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
- Department of Medicine & Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Joaquín Miquel
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sanz-de-Villalobos
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Juan-Ramón Larrubia
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
- Department of Medicine & Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-949-20-9200
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Nieto Callejo M, Gallardo I, Gutierrez B, Cabero M, Ruiz L, Alvarez Y, Simon I, Calvo H, Munoz J, Margolles A, San Roman J, Cachofeiro V, Hernandez M. Oleanolic acid protection against experimental autoimmune myocarditis modulates the microbiota and the intestinal barrier integrity. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Autoimmune myocarditis is a cause of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Recent studies have indicated that leaky gut may allow environmental factors to enter the body and trigger the initiation/development of autoimmune disease. Moreover, there is a growing literature supporting that, beside myocardial fibrosis, a leaky intestinal barrier and gut dysbiosis are pathogenic factors linked to heart failure. The natural triterpene oleanolic acid (OA) has been shown to beneficially influence the severity of the experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), a preclinical model of human myocarditis, via anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms. Herein, we investigate gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances and the gut microbiota composition associated with EAM as potential therapeutic target of OA.
Methods and results
BALB/c mice were α-myosin-inmunized to induce EAM and treated with OA (25 mg/kg/day, i.p). On day 21, heart fibrosis and parameters related to gut damage such as oxidative stress (O2- ions, lipid peroxidation), gut permeability (D-lactate; I-FABP), inflammation and mucins were determined in serum and/or colon. Fecal microbial profiles were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Firstly, histological analysis of hearts showed presence of fibrosis (Sirius Red stain) in EAM mice, whereas these effects were not detectable in myocardium from healthy or OA-treated EAM mice. In addition, OA preserved the mucin-containing goblet cells along the colon (Alcian Blue/PAS stain). Consistently, serum levels of the epithelial gut damage markers, including D-lactate and iFABP were significantly reduced in OA treated-EAM mice. The beneficial OA effects also included a decrease in the pro-inflammatory mediators sPLA2-IIA and IL-1β and a protection from the oxidative stress response (DHE stain and TBARS) in serum and colonic tissue of EAM-mice. Furthermore, gut microbiota composition showed a lower bacterial diversity and different relative abundance of certain bacterial taxa in EAM-mice compared to control mice. The families of Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae were significantly affected in EAM mice, and only Muribaculaceae recovered levels similar to the healthy-control group, after treatment with OA.
Conclusion
Our data show that in addition to the heart, the intestinal barrier and gut microbiota are altered in myocarditis, and that OA treatment could ameliorate this profile. Our data contribute to the idea that gut dysbiosis and GI dysfunction influences myocarditis pathogenesis, and provides new findings regarding the beneficial activity of OA in EAM, suggesting that it may be an interesting candidate to be explored for the treatment of human patients.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): MINECO, ISCIII, CIBERCV-ISCIII
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Affiliation(s)
- M.L Nieto Callejo
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, CSIC-UVA, Valladolid, Spain
| | - I Gallardo
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, CSIC-UVA, Valladolid, Spain
| | - B Gutierrez
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, CSIC-UVA, Valladolid, Spain
| | - M.I Cabero
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, CSIC-UVA, Valladolid, Spain
| | - L Ruiz
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos, CSIC, Asturias, Spain
| | - Y Alvarez
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, CSIC-UVA, Valladolid, Spain
| | - I Simon
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, CSIC-UVA, Valladolid, Spain
| | - H Calvo
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, CSIC-UVA, Valladolid, Spain
| | - J.C Munoz
- University Hospital del Rio Hortega, Cardiologia, Valladolid, Spain
| | - A Margolles
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos, CSIC, Asturias, Spain
| | - J.A San Roman
- University Hospital of Vallodolid, ICICOR, Valladolid, Spain
| | - V Cachofeiro
- Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Physiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Hernandez
- Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Physiology, Madrid, Spain
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Calvo H, Marco P, Blanco D, Oria R, Venturini M. Potential of a new strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BUZ-14 as a biocontrol agent of postharvest fruit diseases. Food Microbiol 2017; 63:101-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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