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Hourfane S, Mechqoq H, Bekkali AY, Rocha JM, El Aouad N. A Comprehensive Review on Cannabis sativa Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Molecular Docking and Biological Activities. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1245. [PMID: 36986932 PMCID: PMC10058143 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For more than a century, Cannabis was considered a narcotic and has been banned by lawmakers all over the world. In recent years, interest in this plant has increased due to its therapeutic potential, in addition to a very interesting chemical composition, characterized by the presence of an atypical family of molecules known as phytocannabinoids. With this emerging interest, it is very important to take stock of what research has been conducted so far on the chemistry and biology of Cannabis sativa. The aim of this review is to describe the traditional uses, chemical composition and biological activities of different parts of this plant, as well as the molecular docking studies. Information was collected from electronic databases, namely SciFinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science. Cannabis is mainly popular for its recreational use, but it is also traditionally used as remedy for the treatment of several diseases, including diabetes, digestive, circulatory, genital, nervous, urinary, skin and respiratory diseases. These biological proprieties are mainly due to the presence of bioactive metabolites represented by more than 550 different molecules. Molecular docking simulations proved the presence of affinities between Cannabis compounds and several enzymes responsible for anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiepileptic and anticancer activities. Several biological activities have been evaluated on the metabolites of Cannabis sativa, and these works have shown the presence of antioxidant, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-aflatoxigenic, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective and dermocosmetic activities. This paper presents the up-to-date reported investigations and opens many reflections and further research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Hourfane
- Research Team on Natural Products Chemistry and Smart Technology (NPC-ST), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Route de Rabat, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 92000, Morocco
| | - Hicham Mechqoq
- Research Team on Natural Products Chemistry and Smart Technology (NPC-ST), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Route de Rabat, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 92000, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Yassine Bekkali
- Research Team on Natural Products Chemistry and Smart Technology (NPC-ST), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Route de Rabat, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 92000, Morocco
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Noureddine El Aouad
- Research Team on Natural Products Chemistry and Smart Technology (NPC-ST), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Route de Rabat, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 92000, Morocco
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Mechqoq H, El Yaagoubi M, El Hamdaoui A, Momchilova S, Guedes da Silva Almeida JR, Msanda F, El Aouad N. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological properties of Argan tree (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) (Sapotaceae) - A review. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 281:114528. [PMID: 34418509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The argan [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] is one of the most important floristic resource in Morocco, it is the only representative of the Sapotaceae family and Argania genus found in Morocco. This tree is fully exploited by the native populations for nutrition, medication and cosmetics. The argan oil extracted from seed is the main tree product for his large use. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review describes the traditional uses, chemical composition and biological activities of different the argan tree parts. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review covers the literature available from 1972 to 2021. The informations were collected from electronic databases Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SciFinder and Google Scholar. RESULTS Argan oil have been used for nutrition, and to treat several diseases, namely rheumatisms, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, lung infections, newborn gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, skin and hair hydration. The other parts of Argan tree have been used to treat intestinal disorders, dermatosis, and hair caring, with additional uses such as livestock nutrition, carpentry and heating. The argan oil is primarily composed of unsaturated fatty acids mainly oleic and linoleic acids furthermore the chemical composition, of the others part, are very diversified (flavonoids, terpenoids, triacylglycerols, saponins. …). Diverse biological activities have been reported for argan oil, such as antioxidant, skin water retention, hair protection, cholesterol stabilization, antidiabetic, anticancer and antibacterial. Antimicrobial activities have been reported for argan leaves essential oils, when the fruit pulp organic extract presented very interesting antioxidant activity due to the presence of polyphenols. The argan cake is the seed waste produced during the extraction process, it is traditionally used for skin care and for livestock nutrition. Different biological activities of argan cake have been cited essentially antioxidant, haemoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Mechqoq
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr-Agadir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Yaagoubi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr-Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdallah El Hamdaoui
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr-Agadir, Morocco
| | - Svetlana Momchilova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Fouad Msanda
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr-Agadir, Morocco
| | - Noureddine El Aouad
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr-Agadir, Morocco; Research Team on Biological Engineering, Agrifood and Aquaculture, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Route de Rabat, 92000, Larache, Morocco.
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El Yaagoubi M, Mechqoq H, Ortiz S, Cavaleiro C, Lecsö-Bornet M, Pereira CG, Rodrigues MJ, Custódio L, El Mousadik A, Picot L, Kritsanida M, Msanda F, El Aouad N, Grougnet R. Chemical Composition and Biological Screening of the Essential Oils of Micromeria macrosiphon and M. arganietorum (Lamiaceae). Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100653. [PMID: 34786843 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition and in vitro biological activities of the essential oil (EO) of Micromeria macrosiphon Coss. and M. arganietorum (J. Emb.) R. Morales, two Lamiaceae endemic to south Morocco, were investigated. GC/MS analysis resulted in the identification of 36 metabolites from the EO of M. macrosiphon, 45 from M. arganietorum. Borneol was the major metabolite in both oils and together with related derivatives such as camphor, accounted for 2/3 of the EO of M. macrosiphon, 1/3 of those of M. arganietorum. Pinene and terpinene derivatives were also present in high proportions. From a chemotaxonomic point of view, the composition of the examined samples may be related to those of other species endemic to Macaronesia. Both EOs showed significant toxicity towards liver HepG2 and melanoma B16 4A5 tumor cell lines at 100 μg/mL; however, they were also cytotoxic towards S17 normal cell lines, with a selectivity index <1. No antibacterial activity was noticed against 52 strains at 100 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Yaagoubi
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zhor, 80060, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Hicham Mechqoq
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zhor, 80060, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Sergio Ortiz
- Natural products, Analysis, Synthesis, UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Center, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marylin Lecsö-Bornet
- Natural products, Analysis, Synthesis, UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Catarina Guerreiro Pereira
- Center of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Rodrigues
- Center of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Center of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Abdelhamid El Mousadik
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zhor, 80060, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Laurent Picot
- La Rochelle Université, UMRi CNRS 7266 Littoral Environnement et Sociétés LIENSs, 17042, La Rochelle, France
| | - Marina Kritsanida
- Natural products, Analysis, Synthesis, UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Fouad Msanda
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zhor, 80060, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Noureddine El Aouad
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zhor, 80060, Agadir, Morocco.,Research Team on Biological Engerineering, Agrifood and Aquaculture, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache. University Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tétouan, Route de Rabat, 92000, Larache, Morocco
| | - Raphaël Grougnet
- Natural products, Analysis, Synthesis, UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, 75006, Paris, France
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El Yaagoubi M, Mechqoq H, El Hamdaoui A, Jrv Mukku V, El Mousadik A, Msanda F, El Aouad N. A review on Moroccan Thymus species: Traditional uses, essential oils chemical composition and biological effects. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 278:114205. [PMID: 34000364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Thymus is among the most important genera in the Lamiaceae family with 215 species and is widely distributed globally, mainly in the Mediterranean region. The genus contains many medicinal plants used in traditional Moroccan medicine for a long time in treating diverse diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review describes the traditional uses, biological activities and chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) obtained from Thymus species growing in Morocco. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information related to the traditional uses, essential oils chemical composition and biological activities on Moroccan Thymus species were obtained using the electronic databases Web of science, Scopus, SciFinder, Pubmed and Google Scholar. RESULTS Moroccan Thymus species have been used in treatment of several diseases, namely diabetes, digestive, circulatory, genital, nervous, urinary, skin and respiratory diseases. Diverse biological activities of Moroccan Thymus species EOs have been reported, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-tumoral, insecticidal, larvicidal, nematicide, anti-inflammatory, anti-cyanobacterial and anti-acetylcholinesterase. The chemical compositions of Thymus EOs is primarily composed of monoterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Yaagoubi
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Ressources, Faculty of Sciences, B.P. 8106, Cité Dakhla, Agadir, 80000, Morocco
| | - Hicham Mechqoq
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Ressources, Faculty of Sciences, B.P. 8106, Cité Dakhla, Agadir, 80000, Morocco
| | - Abdellah El Hamdaoui
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Ressources, Faculty of Sciences, B.P. 8106, Cité Dakhla, Agadir, 80000, Morocco
| | - Venugopal Jrv Mukku
- Math, Science and Technology Department, University of Minnesota Crookston, Crookston, USA
| | - Abdelhamid El Mousadik
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Ressources, Faculty of Sciences, B.P. 8106, Cité Dakhla, Agadir, 80000, Morocco
| | - Fouad Msanda
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Ressources, Faculty of Sciences, B.P. 8106, Cité Dakhla, Agadir, 80000, Morocco
| | - Noureddine El Aouad
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Ressources, Faculty of Sciences, B.P. 8106, Cité Dakhla, Agadir, 80000, Morocco; Research Team on Biological Engerineering, Agrifood and Aquaculture, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, Route de Rabat, Larache, 92000, Morocco.
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El Yaagoubi M, Ortiz S, Mechqoq H, Cavaleiro C, Lecsö-Bornet M, Rodrigues MJ, Custódio L, El Mousadik A, Grougnet R, El Aouad N, Msanda F, Kritsanida M. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Screening and Cytotoxic Activity of Chiliadenus antiatlanticus (Asteraceae) Essential Oil. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100115. [PMID: 33915026 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oil (EO) of Chiliadenus antiatlanticus (Emb. & Maire) Gómiz, an asteraceous species endemic to the southwest of Morocco, were investigated. The EO yield was 1.07±0.28 %, twenty-seven metabolites were identified representing more than 96.4 % of the total composition. Camphor (35.7 %) and derivatives, borneol (4.9 %) and camphene (4.2 %) together with intermedeol (19.9 %), α-pinene (15.5 %) and (E)-pinocarveol (4.1 %) were the major constituents. An antibacterial activity was noticed against 24 strains (all Gram-positive) out of 71 at MICs values=100 μg/mL. The EO also showed significant toxicity towards liver HepG2 (55.8 % of cell viability) and melanoma B16 4A5 (41.6 % of cell viability) tumor cell lines at 100 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Yaagoubi
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zhor, 80060, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Sergio Ortiz
- Natural products, Analysis, Synthesis, UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Hicham Mechqoq
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zhor, 80060, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Center, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marylin Lecsö-Bornet
- Natural products, Analysis, Synthesis, UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Maria João Rodrigues
- Center of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Center of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Abdelhamid El Mousadik
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zhor, 80060, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Raphaël Grougnet
- Natural products, Analysis, Synthesis, UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Noureddine El Aouad
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zhor, 80060, Agadir, Morocco.,Research Team on Biological Engerineering, Agrifood and Aquaculture, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tétouan, Route de Rabat, 92000, Larache, Morocco
| | - Fouad Msanda
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zhor, 80060, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Marina Kritsanida
- Natural products, Analysis, Synthesis, UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, 75006, Paris, France
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