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Luo B, Dong F, Qin T, Zhang Q, Bai H, Wang J, Jia Y, Ma S, Jiang E, Cheng T, Xiao Z, Ema H. Myelodysplastic syndromes are multiclonal diseases derived from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:28. [PMID: 35578364 PMCID: PMC9109331 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are generally considered as a group of clonal diseases derived from hematopoietic stem cells, but a number of studies have suggested that they are derived from myeloid progenitor cells. We aimed to identify the cell of origin in MDS by single-cell analyses. Targeted single-cell RNA sequencing, covering six frequently mutated genes (U2AF1, SF3B1, TET2, ASXL1, TP53, and DNMT3A) in MDS, was developed and performed on individual cells isolated from the CD34+ and six lineage populations in the bone marrow of healthy donors (HDs) and patients with MDS. The detected mutations were used as clonal markers to define clones. By dissecting the distribution of clones in six lineages, the clonal origin was determined. We identified three mutations both in HDs and patients with MDS, termed clonal hematopoiesis (CH) mutations. We also identified fifteen mutations only detected in patients with MDS, termed MDS mutations. Clonal analysis showed that CH clones marked by CH mutations and MDS clones marked by MDS mutations were derived from hematopoietic stem cells as well as various hematopoietic progenitor cells. Most patients with MDS showed the chimeric state with CH clones and MDS clones. Clone size analysis suggested that CH mutations may not contribute to clonal expansion of MDS. In conclusion, MDS comprise multiple clones derived from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Tiejun Qin
- MDS and MPN Center, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Haitao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yujiao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Shihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhijian Xiao
- MDS and MPN Center, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Hideo Ema
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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Bai H, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Wang J, Luo B, Dong Y, Gao J, Cheng T, Dong F, Ema H. Multiple cells of origin in common with various types of mouse N-Myc acute leukemia. Leuk Res 2022; 117:106843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.106843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ema H, Zhang S, Ma Y, Wang L, Li X, Dong Y, Wang J, Cheng T, Dong F. 3079 – EXPANSION OF QUIESCENT HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS IN MICE. Exp Hematol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.07.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Dong Y, Bai H, Dong F, Zhang XB, Ema H. Gene knockout in highly purified mouse hematopoietic stem cells by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. J Immunol Methods 2021; 495:113070. [PMID: 33957108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used for genome editing of human and mouse cells. In this study, we established a protocol for gene knockout (KO) in mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs were highly purified from the bone marrow of tamoxifen-treated Cas9-EGFP/Cre-ER transgenic mice, maintained in serum-free polyvinyl alcohol culture with cytokines, lentivirally transduced with sgRNA-Crimson, and transplanted into lethally irradiated mice with competitor cells. Previous studies of Pax5 KO mice have shown B cell differentiation block. To verify our KO HSC strategy, we deleted Pax5 gene in 600 CD201+CD150+CD48-c-Kit+Sca-1+Lin- cells (HSC1 cells), highly enriched in myeloid-biased HSCs, and CD201+CD150-CD48- c-Kit+Sca-1+Lin- cells (HSC2 cells), highly enriched in lymphoid-biased HSCs. As predicted, both Pax5 KO HSC1 and HSC2 cells showed few B cells in the peripheral blood and the accumulation of pro-B cells in the bone marrow of recipient mice. Our data suggesetd that myeloid-biased and lymphoid-biased HSCs share a common B cell differentiation pathway. This population-specific KO strategy will find its applications for gene editing in a varity of somatic cells, particuarly rare stem and progenitor cells from different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Haitao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Hideo Ema
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
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Xie M, Zhang S, Dong F, Zhang Q, Wang J, Wang C, Zhu C, Zhang S, Luo B, Wu P, Ema H. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor directly acts on mouse lymphoid-biased but not myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells. Haematologica 2021; 106:1647-1658. [PMID: 32079694 PMCID: PMC8168498 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.239251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is widely used in clinical settings to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) into the circulation for HSC harvesting and transplantation. However, whether G-CSF directly stimulates HSC to change their cell cycle state and fate is controversial. HSC are a heterogeneous population consisting of different types of HSC, such as myeloid-biased HSC and lymphoid-biased HSC. We hypothesized that G-CSF has different effects on different types of HSC. To verify this, we performed serum-free single-cell culture and competitive repopulation with cultured cells. Single highly purified HSC and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) were cultured with stem cell factor (SCF), SCF + G-CSF, SCF + granulocyte/macrophage (GM)-CSF, or SCF + thrombopoietin (TPO) for 7 days. Compared with SCF alone, SCF + G-CSF increased the number of divisions of cells from the lymphoid-biased HSCenriched population but not that of cells from the My-bi HSC-enriched population. SCF + G-CSF enhanced the level of reconstitution of lymphoidbiased HSC but not that of myeloid-biased HSC. Clonal transplantation assay also showed that SCF + G-CSF did not increase the frequency of myeloid-biased HSC. These data showed that G-CSF directly acted on lymphoid- biased HSC but not myeloid-biased HSC. Our study also revised the cytokine network at early stages of hematopoiesis: SCF directly acted on myeloid-biased HSC; TPO directly acted on myeloid-biased HSC and lymphoid- biased HSC; and GM-CSF acted only on HPC. Early hematopoiesis is controlled differentially and sequentially by a number of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miner Xie
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital
| | | | - Fang Dong
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital
| | | | - Jinhong Wang
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital
| | | | - Caiying Zhu
- nstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital
| | - Sen Zhang
- nstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital
| | - Bingqing Luo
- nstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital
| | - Peng Wu
- nstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital
| | - Hideo Ema
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital
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Dong F, Cheng H, Ema H, Cheng T. Probing the fate of transplanted hematopoietic stem cells: is the combinational approach "FIT" for purpose? Sci China Life Sci 2020; 63:1755-1758. [PMID: 32857290 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Hideo Ema
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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Liu ZX, Dong F, Zhang S, Han MZ, Ema H. [Emerging role of Mitochondria in Maintenance of Hematopoietic Stem Cells--Review]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2019; 27:277-282. [PMID: 30738483 DOI: 10.7534/j.issn.1009-2137.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles existing only in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria perform various important functions,such as producing energy,regulating signal transduction,and contributing to stress response. Recent studies have highlighted an important role of mitochondria in the determination of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) fate. Limited biogenesis or timely clearance of mitochondria is an important way against oxidative stress,which favors the quiescence of HSC. Accumulation of mitochondria may lead to proliferation of HSC,even the aging of HSC. Mitochondrial signaling regulates Ca2+ concentration,which is essential for HSC differentiation. This review summarizes the current findings of the mitochondrial roles in HSC quiescence,self-renewal,lineage differentiation and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,Tianjin 300020,China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,Tianjin 300020,China
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,Tianjin 300020,China
| | - Ming-Zhe Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,Tianjin 300020,China
| | - Hideo Ema
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,Tianjin 300020,China.E-mail:
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Zhang S, Morita M, Wang Z, Ooehara J, Zhang S, Yu W, Dong F, Ma S, Yamazaki S, Ema H. Interleukin-12 Supports in Vitro Self-Renewal of Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Exp Hematol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang X, Dong F, Zhang S, Yang W, Yu W, Wang Z, Zhang S, Wang J, Ma S, Wu P, Gao Y, Dong J, Tang F, Cheng T, Ema H. TGF-β1 Negatively Regulates the Number and Function of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:274-287. [PMID: 29937145 PMCID: PMC6067088 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a role in the maintenance of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vivo. We asked whether TGF-β1 controls the cell cycle status of HSCs in vitro to enhance the reconstitution activity. To examine the effect of TGF-β1 on the HSC function, we used an in vitro culture system in which single HSCs divide with the retention of their short- and long-term reconstitution ability. Extensive single-cell analyses showed that, regardless of its concentration, TGF-β1 slowed down the cell cycle progression of HSCs but consequently suppressed their self-renewal potential. Cycling HSCs were not able to go back to quiescence with TGF-β1. This study revealed a negative role of TGF-β1 in the regulation of the HSC number and reconstitution activity. TGF-β1 slows down the cell cycle progression of HSCs Cycling HSCs were unable to go back to the G0 state with TGF-β1 TGF-β1 suppresses the self-renewal potential in HSCs The reduced division rate with TGF-β1 is reversible
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wanzhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ji Dong
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hideo Ema
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China.
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Tadokoro Y, Hoshii T, Yamazaki S, Eto K, Ema H, Kobayashi M, Ueno M, Ohta K, Arai Y, Hara E, Harada K, Oshima M, Oshima H, Arai F, Yoshimura A, Nakauchi H, Hirao A. Spred1 Safeguards Hematopoietic Homeostasis against Diet-Induced Systemic Stress. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:713-725.e8. [PMID: 29706577 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell self-renewal is critical for tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation can lead to organ failure or tumorigenesis. While obesity can induce varied abnormalities in bone marrow components, it is unclear how diet might affect hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal. Here, we show that Spred1, a negative regulator of RAS-MAPK signaling, safeguards HSC homeostasis in animals fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Under steady-state conditions, Spred1 negatively regulates HSC self-renewal and fitness, in part through Rho kinase activity. Spred1 deficiency mitigates HSC failure induced by infection mimetics and prolongs HSC lifespan, but it does not initiate leukemogenesis due to compensatory upregulation of Spred2. In contrast, HFD induces ERK hyperactivation and aberrant self-renewal in Spred1-deficient HSCs, resulting in functional HSC failure, severe anemia, and myeloproliferative neoplasm-like disease. HFD-induced hematopoietic abnormalities are mediated partly through alterations to the gut microbiota. Together, these findings reveal that diet-induced stress disrupts fine-tuning of Spred1-mediated signals to govern HSC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tadokoro
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Hoshii
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hideo Ema
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Masahiko Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masaya Ueno
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ohta
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuriko Arai
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Eiji Hara
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Oshima
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Fumio Arai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Atsushi Hirao
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
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Ieyasu A, Ishida R, Kimura T, Morita M, Wilkinson AC, Sudo K, Nishimura T, Ohehara J, Tajima Y, Lai CY, Otsu M, Nakamura Y, Ema H, Nakauchi H, Yamazaki S. An All-Recombinant Protein-Based Culture System Specifically Identifies Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance Factors. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:500-508. [PMID: 28238792 PMCID: PMC5355634 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are considered one of the most promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of various blood disorders. However, due to difficulties in establishing stable maintenance and expansion of HSCs in vitro, their insufficient supply is a major constraint to transplantation studies. To solve these problems we have developed a fully defined, all-recombinant protein-based culture system. Through this system, we have identified hemopexin (HPX) and interleukin-1α as responsible for HSC maintenance in vitro. Subsequent molecular analysis revealed that HPX reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species levels within cultured HSCs. Furthermore, bone marrow immunostaining and 3D immunohistochemistry revealed that HPX is expressed in non-myelinating Schwann cells, known HSC niche constituents. These results highlight the utility of this fully defined all-recombinant protein-based culture system for reproducible in vitro HSC culture and its potential to contribute to the identification of factors responsible for in vitro maintenance, expansion, and differentiation of stem cell populations. Different BSA lots alter how HSCs respond to cytokines RSA can replace BSA to provide HSC maintenance culture with minimal variability By comparing the protein profiles of “good” and “bad” BSAs, HPX was identified HPX reduces HSC intracellular reactive ROS and is expressed by BM Schwann cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Ieyasu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Reiko Ishida
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takaharu Kimura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Maiko Morita
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Sudo
- Cell Engineering Division, BioResource Center, RIKEN, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Nishimura
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
| | - Jun Ohehara
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoko Tajima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Chen-Yi Lai
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Makoto Otsu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, BioResource Center, RIKEN, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Hideo Ema
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Collage, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA.
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Project Division of Advanced Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Wang X, Gong Y, Ema H. Chasing the precursor of functional hematopoietic stem cells at the single cell levels in mouse embryos. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:58. [PMID: 27448408 PMCID: PMC4957898 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the ideal system for regenerative research, were isolated at single cell levels decades ago, whereas studies on embryonic HSCs are much more difficult. Methods Zhou et al identified a new pre-HSC cell surface marker, CD201, by which they isolated pre-HSCs at single cell levels for further analyses. Results The novel expression pattern of HSC development is revealed, including the fundamental role of mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in HSCs emergence, and the repopulation potential of S/G2/M phase pre-HSCs. Conclusions Deeper understandings of the cellular origin and developmental regulatory network of HSCs are essential to develop new strategies of generating HSCs in vitro for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Yuemin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Hideo Ema
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
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Dong F, Hao S, Ma S, Cheng H, Wang Y, Zhou W, Yuan W, Ema H, Cheng T. A novel lymphoid progenitor cell population (LSK(low)) is restricted by p18(INK4c). Exp Hematol 2016; 44:874-885.e5. [PMID: 27287689 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN2C (p18(INK4c)) restrains self-renewal in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and participates in the development and maturation of lymphoid cells. Deficiency in p18 predisposes mice and humans to hematopoietic lymphoid malignancies such as T-cell leukemia and multiple myeloma. However, the mechanism by which p18 regulates differentiation from HSCs to lymphoid cells is poorly understood. In this study, we found that a progenitor population characterized by its expression of surface markers, Lin(-) Sca-1(+) c-Kit(low) (LSK(low)), was markedly expanded in the bone marrow of p18 knock-out (p18(-/-)) mice. This novel population possessed lymphoid differentiation potential, but not myeloid differentiation potential, both in vitro and in vivo. Whereas LSK(low) cells and common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) overlapped functionally in generating lymphoid cells, they were distinct cell populations, because they had different gene expression profiles. Unlike CLPs, LSK(low) cells did not express the interleukin-7 receptor. LSK(low) cells were derived from HSCs and were independent of the p18-deleted microenvironment. This cell population may represent a previously unappreciated transitional stage from HSCs to lymphoid progenitors that is strictly restricted by p18 under physiological conditions. Likewise, LSK(low) might serve as a new cellular target of lymphoid malignances in the absence of p18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Sha Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hideo Ema
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Furusawa JI, Mizoguchi I, Chiba Y, Hisada M, Kobayashi F, Yoshida H, Nakae S, Tsuchida A, Matsumoto T, Ema H, Mizuguchi J, Yoshimoto T. Promotion of Expansion and Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Interleukin-27 into Myeloid Progenitors to Control Infection in Emergency Myelopoiesis. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005507. [PMID: 26991425 PMCID: PMC4798290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergency myelopoiesis is inflammation-induced hematopoiesis to replenish myeloid cells in the periphery, which is critical to control the infection with pathogens. Previously, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-γ were demonstrated to play a critical role in the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and myeloid progenitors, leading to production of mature myeloid cells, although their inhibitory effects on hematopoiesis were also reported. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of emergency myelopoiesis during infection remains incompletely understood. Here, we clarify that one of the interleukin (IL)-6/IL-12 family cytokines, IL-27, plays an important role in the emergency myelopoiesis. Among various types of hematopoietic cells in bone marrow, IL-27 predominantly and continuously promoted the expansion of only Lineage−Sca-1+c-Kit+ (LSK) cells, especially long-term repopulating HSCs and myeloid-restricted progenitor cells with long-term repopulating activity, and the differentiation into myeloid progenitors in synergy with stem cell factor. These progenitors expressed myeloid transcription factors such as Spi1, Gfi1, and Cebpa/b through activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and 3, and had enhanced potential to differentiate into migratory dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, and mast cells, and less so into macrophages, and basophils, but not into plasmacytoid DCs, conventional DCs, T cells, and B cells. Among various cytokines, IL-27 in synergy with the stem cell factor had the strongest ability to augment the expansion of LSK cells and their differentiation into myeloid progenitors retaining the LSK phenotype over a long period of time. The experiments using mice deficient for one of IL-27 receptor subunits, WSX-1, and IFN-γ revealed that the blood stage of malaria infection enhanced IL-27 expression through IFN-γ production, and the IL-27 then promoted the expansion of LSK cells, differentiating and mobilizing them into spleen, resulting in enhanced production of neutrophils to control the infection. Thus, IL-27 is one of the limited unique cytokines directly acting on HSCs to promote differentiation into myeloid progenitors during emergency myelopoiesis. Emergency myelopoiesis is inflammation-induced hematopoiesis that is critical for controlling infection with pathogens, but the molecular mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we clarify that one of the interleukin (IL)-6/IL-12 family cytokines, IL-27, plays an important role in emergency myelopoiesis. Among various types of hematopoietic cells in bone marrow, IL-27 predominantly and continuously promoted expansion of only Lineage−Sca-1+c-Kit+ (LSK) cells, especially long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells, and differentiation into myeloid progenitors in synergy with stem cell factor. These progenitors expressed myeloid transcription factors such as Spi1, Gfi1, and Cebpa/b through activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and 3, and had enhanced potential to differentiate into neutrophils, but not into plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Among various cytokines, IL-27 in synergy with stem cell factor had the strongest ability to augment the expansion of LSK cells and their differentiation into myeloid progenitors. The blood stage of malaria infection was revealed to enhance IL-27 expression through interferon-γ production, and IL-27 then promoted the expansion of LSK cells, differentiating and mobilizing them into the spleen, resulting in enhanced production of neutrophils to control the infection. Thus, IL-27 is one of the limited unique cytokines directly acting on hematopoietic stem cells to promote differentiation into myeloid progenitors during emergency myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Furusawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukino Chiba
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hisada
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumie Kobayashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tsuchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Ema
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Ema H. Guest editorial: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital in China. Int J Hematol 2016; 103:486. [PMID: 26964778 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-1967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ema
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Rd., Tianjin, 300020, China.
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Tadokoro Y, Eto K, Ema H, Yamazaki S, Yoshimura A, Nakauchi H, Hirao A. Control of self-renewal activity of hematopoietic stem cells by spred1. Exp Hematol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.07.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ema H, Morita Y, Suda T. Heterogeneity and hierarchy of hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2013; 42:74-82.e2. [PMID: 24269919 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a more heterogeneous population than previously thought. Extensive analysis of reconstitution kinetics after transplantation allows a new classifications of HSCs based on lineage balance. Previously unrecognized classes of HSCs, such as myeloid- and lymphoid-biased HSCs, have emerged. However, varying nomenclature has been used to describe these cells, promoting confusion in the field. To establish a common nomenclature, we propose a reclassification of short-, intermediate-, and long-term (ST, IT, and LT) HSCs defined as: ST < 6 months, IT > 6 months, and LT > 12. We observe that myeloid-biased HSCs or α cells overlap with LT-HSCs, whereas lymphoid-biased HSCs or γ/δ cells overlap with ST-HSCs, suggesting that HSC lifespan is linked to cell differentiation. We also suggest that HSC heterogeneity prompts reconsideration of long-term (>4 months) multilineage reconstitution as the gold standard for HSC detection. In this review, we discuss relationships among ST-, IT-, and LT-HSCs relevant to stem cell heterogeneity, hierarchical organization, and differentiation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ema
- Department of Cell Differentiation, Sakaguchi Laboratories of Developmental Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yohei Morita
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jenna, Germany
| | - Toshio Suda
- Department of Cell Differentiation, Sakaguchi Laboratories of Developmental Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamamoto R, Morita Y, Ooehara J, Hamanaka S, Onodera M, Rudolph KL, Ema H, Nakauchi H. Clonal analysis unveils self-renewing lineage-restricted progenitors generated directly from hematopoietic stem cells. Cell 2013; 154:1112-1126. [PMID: 23993099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Consensus holds that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to multipotent progenitors (MPPs) of reduced self-renewal potential and that MPPs eventually produce lineage-committed progenitor cells in a stepwise manner. Using a single-cell transplantation system and marker mice, we unexpectedly found myeloid-restricted progenitors with long-term repopulating activity (MyRPs), which are lineage-committed to megakaryocytes, megakaryocyte-erythroid cells, or common myeloid cells (MkRPs, MERPs, or CMRPs, respectively) in the phenotypically defined HSC compartment together with HSCs. Paired daughter cell assays combined with transplantation revealed that HSCs can give rise to HSCs via symmetric division or directly differentiate into MyRPs via asymmetric division (yielding HSC-MkRP or HSC-CMRP pairs). These myeloid bypass pathways could be essential for fast responses to ablation stress. Our results show that loss of self-renewal and stepwise progression through specific differentiation stages are not essential for lineage commitment of HSCs and suggest a revised model of hematopoietic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamamoto
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yohei Morita
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Jun Ooehara
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Sanae Hamanaka
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masafumi Onodera
- Department of Human Genetics, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Karl Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Hideo Ema
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Ema H, Takano H, Uchinomiya K, Iwasa Y, Suda T. The balance between self-renewal and differentiation probabilities determines longevity of hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Hamanaka S, Ooehara J, Morita Y, Ema H, Takahashi S, Miyawaki A, Otsu M, Yamaguchi T, Onodera M, Nakauchi H. Generation of transgenic mouse line expressing Kusabira Orange throughout body, including erythrocytes, by random segregation of provirus method. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:586-91. [PMID: 23685154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent-protein transgenic mice are useful for obtaining marked somatic cells to study kinetics of development or differentiation. Fluorescence-marked hematopoietic stem cells in particular are commonly used for studying hematopoiesis. However, as far as we know, no transgenic mouse line is described in which a fluorescent protein is stably and constitutively expressed in all hematopoietic cells, including erythrocytes and platelets. Using the random segregation of provirus (RSP) method, we generated from retrovirally transduced mouse embryonic stem cells a transgenic mouse line expressing a red/orange fluorescent protein, Kusabira Orange (KuO). KuO transgenic mouse line cells carry only one proviral integration site and stably express KuO in all hematopoietic-lineage elements, including erythrocytes and platelets. Moreover, bone-marrow transplantation in KuO transgenic mice demonstrated normal hematopoieisis. KuO transgenic mice likely will prove useful for study of hematopoiesis that includes erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Hamanaka
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Yamazaki S, Ema H, Karlsson G, Yamaguchi T, Miyoshi H, Shioda S, Taketo MM, Karlsson S, Iwama A, Nakauchi H. Nonmyelinating Schwann cells maintain hematopoietic stem cell hibernation in the bone marrow niche. Cell 2012; 147:1146-58. [PMID: 22118468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside and self-renew in the bone marrow (BM) niche. Overall, the signaling that regulates stem cell dormancy in the HSC niche remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate that TGF-β type II receptor-deficient HSCs show low-level Smad activation and impaired long-term repopulating activity, underlining the critical role of TGF-β/Smad signaling in HSC maintenance. TGF-β is produced as a latent form by a variety of cells, so we searched for those that express activator molecules for latent TGF-β. Nonmyelinating Schwann cells in BM proved responsible for activation. These glial cells ensheathed autonomic nerves, expressed HSC niche factor genes, and were in contact with a substantial proportion of HSCs. Autonomic nerve denervation reduced the number of these active TGF-β-producing cells and led to rapid loss of HSCs from BM. We propose that glial cells are components of a BM niche and maintain HSC hibernation by regulating activation of latent TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamazaki
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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Suzuki N, Yamazaki S, Ema H, Yamaguchi T, Nakauchi H, Takaki S. Homeostasis of hematopoietic stem cells regulated by the myeloproliferative disease associated-gene product Lnk/Sh2b3 via Bcl-xL. Exp Hematol 2011; 40:166-74.e3. [PMID: 22101255 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are maintained at a very low frequency in adult bone marrow under steady-state conditions. However, it is not fully understood how homeostasis of bone marrow HSCs is maintained. We attempted to identify a key molecule involved in the regulation of HSC numbers, a factor that, in the absence of Lnk, leads to HSC expansion. Here, we demonstrate that upon stimulation with thrombopoietin, expression of Bcl-xL, an antiapoptotic protein, was highly enhanced in Lnk-deficient HSCs compared to normal HSCs. As a result, Lnk-deficient HSCs underwent reduced apoptosis following exposure to lethal radiation. Downregulation of Bcl-xL expression in Lnk-deficient HSCs by short-hairpin RNA resulted in a great reduction of their capacity for reconstitution. These findings suggest that Lnk/Sh2b3 constrains the expression of Bcl-xL and that the loss of Lnk/Sh2b3 function enhances survival of HSCs by inhibiting apoptosis. Furthermore, our observations indicate that HSCs in patients with an Lnk/Sh2b3 mutation might become resistant to apoptosis due to thrombopoietin-mediated enhanced expression of Bcl-xL. Consequently, reduced apoptosis could facilitate accumulation of HSCs with oncogenic mutations leading to development of myeloproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Suzuki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Morita Y, Iseki A, Okamura S, Suzuki S, Nakauchi H, Ema H. Functional characterization of hematopoietic stem cells in the spleen. Exp Hematol 2010; 39:351-359.e3. [PMID: 21185906 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in both bone marrow (BM) and spleen in adult mice. However, whether BM and spleen HSCs are functionally similar is not known. Spleen HSCs were compared with BM HSCs by various assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole BM and spleen cells were quantitatively analyzed by competitive repopulation. Single-cell transplantation was performed with HSCs purified from BM and spleen. A parabiosis model was used to distinguish organ-specific HSCs from circulating HSCs. The cell cycle was analyzed with pyronin Y staining and bromodeoxyuridine uptake. RESULTS Repopulating and self-renewal potentials were similar on a clonal basis between BM and spleen HSCs, whereas the HSC frequency in the spleen was significantly lower than that in the BM. Analysis of parabiotic mice suggested that most HSCs are long-term residents in each organ. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that spleen HSCs cycle twice as frequently as do BM HSCs, suggesting that G(0) phase length is longer in BM HSCs than in spleen HSCs. The cycling difference between BM and spleen HSCs was also observed in mice that had been reconstituted with BM or spleen cells, suggesting that HSC quiescence is regulated in an organ-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS Spleen HSCs and BM HSCs are functionally similar, but their cycling behaviors differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Morita
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been extensively characterized based on functional definitions determined by experimental transplantation into lethally irradiated mice. In mice, HSCs are heterogeneous with regard to self-renewal potential, in vitro colony-forming activity, and in vivo behavior. We attempted prospective isolation of HSC subsets with distinct properties among CD34(-/low) c-Kit+Sca-1+Lin- (CD34-KSL) cells. CD34-KSL cells were divided, based on CD150 expression, into three fractions: CD150high, CD150med, and CD150neg cells. Compared with the other two fractions, CD150high cells were significantly enriched in HSCs, with great self-renewal potential. In vitro colony assays revealed that decreased expression of CD150 was associated with reduced erythroblast/megakaryocyte differentiation potential. All three fractions were regenerated only from CD150high cells in recipient mice. Using single-cell transplantation studies, we found that a fraction of CD150high cells displayed latent and barely detectable myeloid engraftment in primary-recipient mice but progressive and multilineage reconstitution in secondary-recipient mice. These findings highlight the complexity and hierarchy of reconstitution capability, even among HSCs in the most primitive compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Morita
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy and FACS Core Laboratory, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Ogaeri T, Eto K, Otsu M, Ema H, Nakauchi H. The Actin Polymerization Regulator WAVE2 Is Required for Early Bone Marrow Repopulation by Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2009; 27:1120-9. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Matsumoto K, Isagawa T, Nishimura T, Ogaeri T, Eto K, Miyazaki S, Miyazaki JI, Aburatani H, Nakauchi H, Ema H. Stepwise development of hematopoietic stem cells from embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4820. [PMID: 19287487 PMCID: PMC2653650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular ontogeny of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remains poorly understood because their isolation from and their identification in early developing small embryos are difficult. We attempted to dissect early developmental stages of HSCs using an in vitro mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation system combined with inducible HOXB4 expression. Here we report the identification of pre-HSCs and an embryonic type of HSCs (embryonic HSCs) as intermediate cells between ESCs and HSCs. Both pre-HSCs and embryonic HSCs were isolated by their c-Kit(+)CD41(+)CD45(-) phenotype. Pre-HSCs did not engraft in irradiated adult mice. After co-culture with OP9 stromal cells and conditional expression of HOXB4, pre-HSCs gave rise to embryonic HSCs capable of engraftment and long-term reconstitution in irradiated adult mice. Blast colony assays revealed that most hemangioblast activity was detected apart from the pre-HSC population, implying the early divergence of pre-HSCs from hemangioblasts. Gene expression profiling suggests that a particular set of transcripts closely associated with adult HSCs is involved in the transition of pre-HSC to embryonic HSCs. We propose an HSC developmental model in which pre-HSCs and embryonic HSCs sequentially give rise to adult types of HSCs in a stepwise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Matsumoto
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Isagawa
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Nishimura
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takunori Ogaeri
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Miyazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Miyazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (HN); (HE)
| | - Hideo Ema
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (HN); (HE)
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Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can supply all blood cells throughout the adult life of individuals. Based on this property, HSCs have been used for bone marrow and cord blood transplantation. Among various stem cells, HSCs were recognized earliest and were studied most extensively, providing a model for other stem cells. Knowledge of HSC regulation has rapidly accumulated of late. Contributions of scientists in Japan to progress HSC biology are here briefly overviewed. Focusing on the original work accomplished in Japan in the last two decades, people who have led such activities are introduced and their relationships with one another are sketched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ema
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Murakami M, Zheng Y, Hirashima M, Suda T, Morita Y, Ooehara J, Ema H, Fong GH, Shibuya M. VEGFR1 tyrosine kinase signaling promotes lymphangiogenesis as well as angiogenesis indirectly via macrophage recruitment. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:658-64. [PMID: 18174461 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.150433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are complex phenomena that involve the interplay of several growth factors and receptors. Recently, we have demonstrated that in Keratin-14 (K14) promoter-driven Vegf-A transgenic (Tg) mice, not only angiogenesis but also lymphangiogenesis is stimulated. However, the mechanism by which VEGFR1 is involved in lymphangiogenesis remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS To examine how important the tyrosine kinase (TK) of VEGFR1 is in lymphangiogenesis in K14 Vegf-A Tg mice, we crossed the K14 Vegf-A Tg mice with VEGFR1-TK-deficient mice to generate double mutant K14 Vegf-A Tg Vegfr1 tk(-/-) mice. K14 Vegf-A Tg Vegfr1 tk(-/-) mice exhibit a remarkable decrease in lymphangiogensis as well as angiogenesis in subcutaneous tissues. To address the mechanism underlying the decrease in lymphangiogensis, we investigated the recruitment of monocyte-macrophage-lineage cells into the skin. The recruitment of VEGFR1-expressing macrophages driven by VEGF-A was reduced in K14 Vegf-A Tg Vegfr1 tk(-/-) mice. Vegf-A Tg mice that received VEGFR1-TK-deficient bone marrow showed a reduction of macrophage recruitment, lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis compared with those in K14 Vegf-A Tg mice. CONCLUSIONS VEGFR1 signaling promotes lymphangiogenesis as well as angiogenesis mainly by increasing bone marrow-derived macrophage recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Murakami
- Division of Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Ema H, Morita Y, Yamazaki S, Matsubara A, Seita J, Tadokoro Y, Kondo H, Takano H, Nakauchi H. Adult mouse hematopoietic stem cells: purification and single-cell assays. Nat Protoc 2007; 1:2979-87. [PMID: 17406558 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2006.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the best-studied stem cells because functional assays for mouse HSCs were established earliest and purification techniques for mouse HSCs have progressed furthest. Here we describe our current protocols for the purification of CD34-/lowc-Kit+Sca-1+lineage marker- (CD34-KSL) cells, the HSC population making up approximately 0.005% of bone marrow cells in adult C557BL/6 mice. Purified HSCs have been characterized at cellular and molecular levels. Since clonal analysis is essential for the study of self-renewal and lineage commitment in HSCs, here we present our single-cell colony assay and single-cell transplantation procedures. We also introduce our immunostaining procedures for small numbers of HSCs, which are useful for signal transduction analysis. The purification of CD34-KSL cells requires approximately 6 h. Initialization of single-cell culture requires approximately 1 h. Single-cell transplantation requires approximately 6 h. Single-cell immunostaining requires approximately 2 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ema
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Tadokoro Y, Ema H, Okano M, Li E, Nakauchi H. De novo DNA methyltransferase is essential for self-renewal, but not for differentiation, in hematopoietic stem cells. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2007. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb1772oia3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM) niche in a noncycling state and enter the cell cycle at long intervals. This unique property of HSCs is reminiscent of hibernation in mammals. However, little is known about inter- and intracellular signaling mechanisms underlying this unique property of HSCs. This is largely due to the paucity of HSCs making application of traditional signal transduction assays difficult. To address these issues, we have developed a novel assay based on in-droplet single-cell staining and quantitative fluorescence imaging analysis. Using this assay system, we demonstrate that freshly isolated HSCs from the BM niche lack lipid raft clustering, exhibit repression of the AKT-FOXO signaling pathway, and express abundant p57(Kip2) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Lipid raft clustering induced by cytokines was essential for HSC re-entry into the cell cycle. Conversely, inhibition of lipid raft clustering caused sustained nuclear accumulation of FOXO transcription factors and induced HSC hibernation ex vivo. Among niche signals examined, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) efficiently inhibited lipid raft clustering and induced p57(Kip2) expression, leading to HSC hibernation. These data uncover a critical role for lipid rafts in HSC fate decision and establish the role of TGF-beta as a niche signal in control of HSC hibernation in the BM niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Tadokoro Y, Ema H, Okano M, Li E, Nakauchi H. De novo DNA methyltransferase is essential for self-renewal, but not for differentiation, in hematopoietic stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:715-22. [PMID: 17420264 PMCID: PMC2118548 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20060750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification essential for development. The DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b execute de novo DNA methylation in gastrulating embryos and differentiating germline cells. It has been assumed that these enzymes generally play a role in regulating cell differentiation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the role of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in adult stem cells. CD34−/low, c-Kit+, Sca-1+, lineage marker− (CD34− KSL) cells, a fraction of mouse bone marrow cells highly enriched in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), expressed both Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. Using retroviral Cre gene transduction, we conditionally disrupted Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, or both Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b (Dnmt3a/Dnmt3b) in CD34− KSL cells purified from mice in which the functional domains of these genes are flanked by two loxP sites. We found that Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b function as de novo DNA methyltransferases during differentiation of hematopoietic cells. Unexpectedly, in vitro colony assays and in vivo transplantation assays showed that both myeloid and lymphoid lineage differentiation potentials were maintained in Dnmt3a-, Dnmt3b-, and Dnmt3a/Dnmt3b-deficient HSCs. However, Dnmt3a/Dnmt3b-deficient HSCs, but not Dnmt3a- or Dnmt3b-deficient HSCs, were incapable of long-term reconstitution in transplantation assays. These findings establish a critical role for DNA methylation by Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in HSC self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tadokoro
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Seita J, Ema H, Ooehara J, Yamazaki S, Tadokoro Y, Yamasaki A, Eto K, Takaki S, Takatsu K, Nakauchi H. Lnk negatively regulates self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells by modifying thrombopoietin-mediated signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:2349-54. [PMID: 17284614 PMCID: PMC1892983 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0606238104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the central tasks of stem cell biology is to understand the molecular mechanisms that control self-renewal in stem cells. Several cytokines are implicated as crucial regulators of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), but little is known about intracellular signaling for HSC self-renewal. To address this issue, we attempted to clarify how self-renewal potential is enhanced in HSCs without the adaptor molecule Lnk, as in Lnk-deficient mice HSCs are expanded in number >10-fold because of their increased self-renewal potential. We show that Lnk negatively regulates self-renewal of HSCs by modifying thrombopoietin (TPO)-mediated signal transduction. Single-cell cultures showed that Lnk-deficient HSCs are hypersensitive to TPO. Competitive repopulation revealed that long-term repopulating activity increases in Lnk-deficient HSCs, but not in WT HSCs, when these cells are cultured in the presence of TPO with or without stem cell factor. Single-cell transplantation of each of the paired daughter cells indicated that a combination of stem cell factor and TPO efficiently induces symmetrical self-renewal division in Lnk-deficient HSCs but not in WT HSCs. Newly developed single-cell immunostaining demonstrated significant enhancement of both p38 MAPK inactivation and STAT5 and Akt activation in Lnk-deficient HSCs after stimulation with TPO. Our results suggest that a balance in positive and negative signals downstream from the TPO signal plays a role in the regulation of the probability of self-renewal in HSCs. In general, likewise, the fate of stem cells may be determined by combinational changes in multiple signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seita
- *Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, and
| | - Hideo Ema
- *Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, and
| | - Jun Ooehara
- *Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, and
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- *Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, and
- ReproCell, Inc., Imperial Hotel Tower 12F, 1-1-1 Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0011, Japan
| | - Yuko Tadokoro
- *Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, and
| | - Akiko Yamasaki
- *Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, and
| | - Koji Eto
- *Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, and
| | - Satoshi Takaki
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- *Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Sato M, Morita H, Ema H, Yamaguchi S, Amano I. Effect of different dialyzer membranes on cutaneous microcirculation during hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol 2007; 66:426-32. [PMID: 17176914 DOI: 10.5414/cnp66426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Biocompatibility profiles of synthetic membranes may vary. In this prospective crossover study, we examined the effect of various membranes on cutaneous microcirculation during HD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 11 HD patients without cardiovascular complications were enrolled in this study. They were dialyzed using three types of membrane in a randomized order: ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL), vitamin E-bonded cellulose (VE-C) and polysulfone (PS). The transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) was examined on the dorsum of foot to assess the cutaneous microcirculation. Serum biochemical parameters were also measured. RESULTS The TcPO2 as a percentage of the predialysis level decreased from the beginning of HD, and significant differences were observed after 15 min of HD between EVAL and the other 2 membranes (98 +/- 6% (mean +/- SD) for EVAL versus 89 +/- 7% for VE-C (p < 0.01) and 88 +/- 10% for PS (p < 0.01)). Furthermore, there were significant differences at 30 and 60 min between EVAL and PS (30 min: 93 +/- 9% for EVAL versus 85 +/- 7% for PS (p < 0.05); 60 min: 92 +/- 10% for EVAL versus 79 +/- 10% for PS (p < 0.01)). The serum level of thiobarbituric acid reactants (TBARs), a marker of lipid peroxidation, increased significantly at the end of HD relative to that at the beginning of HD when using a PS membrane (from 1.9 +/- 0.5 to 2.1 +/- 0.5 nmol/ml, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that an EVAL membrane is superior to PS and VE-C membranes in terms of its smaller influence on cutaneous microcirculation. The repeated occurrence of microcirculatory disturbance during HD sessions may cause chronic endothelial dysfunction and even cardiovascular complications in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sato
- Department of Kidney and Dialysis, Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital, 1-1-10 Sanjou, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457-8510, Japan.
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Yamazaki S, Iwama A, Takayanagi SI, Morita Y, Eto K, Ema H, Nakauchi H. Cytokine signals modulated via lipid rafts mimic niche signals and induce hibernation in hematopoietic stem cells. EMBO J 2006; 25:3515-23. [PMID: 16858398 PMCID: PMC1538571 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM) niche in a noncycling state and enter the cell cycle at long intervals. However, little is known about inter- and intracellular signaling mechanisms underlying this unique property of HSCs. Here, we show that lipid raft clustering is a key event in the regulation of HSC dormancy. Freshly isolated HSCs from the BM niche lack lipid raft clustering, exhibit repression of the AKT-FOXO signaling pathway, and express abundant p57(Kip2) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Lipid raft clustering induced by cytokines is essential for HSC re-entry into the cell cycle. Conversely, inhibition of lipid raft clustering caused sustained nuclear accumulation of FOXO transcription factors and induced HSC hibernation ex vivo. These data establish a critical role for lipid rafts in regulating the cell cycle, the survival, and the entry into apoptosis of HSCs and uncover a striking similarity in HSC hibernation and Caenorhabditis elegans dauer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- ReproCELL Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Takayanagi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Morita
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- ReproCELL Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Ema
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. Tel.: +81 3 5449 5330; Fax: +81 3 5449 5451; E-mail:
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Furuta C, Ema H, Takayanagi SI, Ogaeri T, Okamura D, Matsui Y, Nakauchi H. Discordant developmental waves of angioblasts and hemangioblasts in the early gastrulating mouse embryo. Development 2006; 133:2771-9. [PMID: 16794034 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis are thought to arise in hemangioblasts,the common progenitors of cells in vessels and in blood. This scheme was challenged by kinetic analysis of vascular endothelial and hematopoietic progenitors in early gastrulating mouse embryos. The OP-9 co-culture system with a combination of cytokines permitted the detection of endothelial progenitors, as well as stroma-dependent hematopoietic progenitors. Endothelial progenitors were detected as early as embryonic day (E) 5.50,after which time their numbers increased. Stroma-dependent hematopoietic progenitors were detected at E6.75, the time point when hemangioblasts reportedly emerge. Colony-forming units in culture (CFU-c), most likely generated from stroma-dependent hematopoietic progenitors via contact with the microenvironment, were detected at E7.50, concomitant with the onset of primitive hematopoiesis in the yolk sac. The presence of nucleated erythrocytes and the expression of an embryonic-type globin in erythroid colonies derived from stroma-dependent hematopoietic progenitors and from CFU-c support the notion that these progenitors coordinately establish primitive hematopoiesis. Using Oct3/4 promoter-driven GFP transgenic mice,early endothelial progenitors, stroma-dependent hematopoietic progenitors, and CFU-c were all shown to express the Oct3/4 transcription factor. Among Oct3/4-positive cells, both endothelial and hematopoietic progenitors were present in the CD31-positive fraction, leaving a subset of endothelial progenitors in the CD31-negative fraction. These data imply that Oct3/4-positive mesoderm gives rise to CD31-negative angioblasts,CD31-positive angiboblasts and CD31-positive hemangioblasts. We propose a distinct developmental pathway in which the angioblast lineage directly diverges from mesoderm prior to and independent of hemangioblast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Furuta
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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Abstract
Most hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are assumed to reside in the so-called side population (SP) in adult mouse bone marrow (BM). We report the coexistence of non-SP HSCs that do not significantly differ from SP HSCs in numbers, capacities, and cell-cycle states. When stained with Hoechst 33342 dye, the CD34(-/low) c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+)lineage marker(-) (CD34(-)KSL) cell population, highly enriched in mouse HSCs, was almost equally divided into the SP and the main population (MP) that represents non-SP cells. Competitive repopulation assays with single or 30 SP- or MP-CD34(-)KSL cells found similar degrees of repopulating activity and frequencies of repopulating cells for these populations. Secondary transplantation detected self-renewal capacity in both populations. SP analysis of BM cells from primary recipient mice suggested that the SP and MP phenotypes are interconvertible. Cell-cycle analyses revealed that CD34(-)KSL cells were in a quiescent state and showed uniform cell-cycle kinetics, regardless of whether they were in the SP or MP. Bcrp-1 expression was similarly detected in SP- and MP-CD34(-)KSL cells, suggesting that the SP phenotype is regulated not only by Bcrp-1, but also by other factors. The SP phenotype does not specify all HSCs; its identity with stem cell function thus is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Morita
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
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Matsubara A, Iwama A, Yamazaki S, Furuta C, Hirasawa R, Morita Y, Osawa M, Motohashi T, Eto K, Ema H, Kitamura T, Vestweber D, Nakauchi H. Endomucin, a CD34-like sialomucin, marks hematopoietic stem cells throughout development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 202:1483-92. [PMID: 16314436 PMCID: PMC2213340 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To detect as yet unidentified cell-surface molecules specific to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), a modified signal sequence trap was successfully applied to mouse bone marrow (BM) CD34−c-Kit+Sca-1+Lin− (CD34−KSL) HSCs. One of the identified molecules, Endomucin, is an endothelial sialomucin closely related to CD34. High-level expression of Endomucin was confined to the BM KSL HSCs and progenitor cells, and, importantly, long-term repopulating (LTR)–HSCs were exclusively present in the Endomucin+CD34−KSL population. Notably, in the yolk sac, Endomucin expression separated multipotential hematopoietic cells from committed erythroid progenitors in the cell fraction positive for CD41, an early embryonic hematopoietic marker. Furthermore, developing HSCs in the intraembryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region were highly enriched in the CD45−CD41+Endomucin+ fraction at day 10.5 of gestation (E10.5) and in the CD45+CD41+Endomucin+ fraction at E11.5. Detailed analyses of these fractions uncovered drastic changes in their BM repopulating capacities as well as in vitro cytokine responsiveness within this narrow time frame. Our findings establish Endomucin as a novel cell-surface marker for LTR-HSCs throughout development and provide a powerful tool in understanding HSC ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Matsubara
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Ema H, Sudo K, Seita J, Matsubara A, Morita Y, Osawa M, Takatsu K, Takaki S, Nakauchi H. Quantification of Self-Renewal Capacity in Single Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Normal and Lnk-Deficient Mice. Dev Cell 2005; 8:907-14. [PMID: 15935779 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2005.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Revised: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite being a hallmark of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), HSC self-renewal has never been quantitatively assessed. Establishment of a clonal and quantitative assay for HSC function permitted demonstration that adult mouse HSCs are significantly heterogeneous in degree of multilineage repopulation and that higher repopulating potential reflects higher self-renewal activity. An HSC with high repopulating potential could regenerate approximately 1000 HSCs, whereas the repopulating activity of regenerated HSCs on average was significantly reduced, indicating extensive but limited self-renewal capacity in HSCs. Comparisons of wild-type mice with mutant mice deficient in the signal adaptor molecule Lnk showed that not only HSC numbers but also the self-renewal capacity of some HSCs are markedly increased when Lnk function is lost. Lnk appears to control HSC numbers by negatively regulating HSC self-renewal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ema
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Ema H, Kinda M, Takano Y, Oehara A, Maeda A, Nakauchi H. [Diversity of hematopoietic stem cells]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2005; 46:170-8. [PMID: 16447711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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Iwama A, Oguro H, Negishi M, Kato Y, Morita Y, Tsukui H, Ema H, Kamijo T, Katoh-Fukui Y, Koseki H, van Lohuizen M, Nakauchi H. Enhanced Self-Renewal of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Mediated by the Polycomb Gene Product Bmi-1. Immunity 2004; 21:843-51. [PMID: 15589172 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Revised: 09/30/2004] [Accepted: 11/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Polycomb group (PcG) gene Bmi-1 has recently been implicated in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from loss-of-function analysis. Here, we demonstrate that increased expression of Bmi-1 promotes HSC self-renewal. Forced expression of Bmi-1 enhanced symmetrical cell division of HSCs and mediated a higher probability of inheritance of stemness through cell division. Correspondingly, forced expression of Bmi-1, but not the other PcG genes, led to a striking ex vivo expansion of multipotential progenitors and marked augmentation of HSC repopulating capacity in vivo. Loss-of-function analyses revealed that among PcG genes, absence of Bmi-1 is preferentially linked with a profound defect in HSC self-renewal. Our findings define Bmi-1 as a central player in HSC self-renewal and demonstrate that Bmi-1 is a target for therapeutic manipulation of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Iwama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Ema H. [Mechanisms controlling the fate of hematopoietic stem cells]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2004; 49:734-40. [PMID: 15160882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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Abstract
By combining cell surface staining with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and Hoechst 33342 dye supravital staining, Matsuzaki et al. have succeeded in enriching hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) essentially to homogeneity. When single-cell transplantation analysis was performed using the isolated cells, over 95% of the recipient mice showed long-term multilineage engraftment. The work demonstrates unexpectedly high marrow seeding efficiency of HSCs and proposes high marrow homing capacity as a new criterion for HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ema
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
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Takano H, Ema H, Sudo K, Nakauchi H. Asymmetric division and lineage commitment at the level of hematopoietic stem cells: inference from differentiation in daughter cell and granddaughter cell pairs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 199:295-302. [PMID: 14744992 PMCID: PMC2211802 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20030929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
How hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) commit to a particular lineage is unclear. A high degree of HSC purification enabled us to address this issue at the clonal level. Single-cell transplantation studies revealed that 40% of the CD34−/low, c-Kit+, Sca-1+, and lineage marker− (CD34−KSL) cells in adult mouse bone marrow were able, as individual cells, to reconstitute myeloid and B- and T-lymphoid lineages over the long-term. Single-cell culture showed that >40% of CD34−KSL cells could form neutrophil (n)/macrophage (m)/erythroblast (E)/megakaryocyte (M) (nmEM) colonies. Assuming that a substantial portion of long-term repopulating cells can be detected as nmEM cells within this population, we compared differentiation potentials between individual pairs of daughter and granddaughter cells derived in vitro from single nmEM cells. One of the two daughter or granddaughter cells remained an nmEM cell. The other showed a variety of combinations of differentiation potential. In particular, an nmEM cell directly gave rise, after one cell division, to progenitor cells committed to nm, EM, or M lineages. The probability of asymmetric division of nmEM cells depended on the cytokines used. These data strongly suggest that lineage commitment takes place asymmetrically at the level of HSCs under the influence of external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Takano
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Japan
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Abstract
Over the past decade, the purification and characterization of hematopoietic stem cells have ascertained their presence at the clonal level although they had hitherto existed conceptually. Now we have begun to understand their functions in molecular terms. Several important works indicative of such a new era in stem cell biology have been published recently. In particular, Bmi1, which belongs to the Polycomb group of genes, has been implicated as one of the basic molecules to maintain the proliferation capacity in hematopoietic stem cells. We need to seek other similarly important molecules for their functions. Perhaps studying interactions among genes is one of the most exciting subjects in stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ema
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Migishima F, Oikawa A, Kondo S, Ema H, Morita Y, Nakauchi H, Yokoyama M, Song SY, Nishijima M, Okabe M, Shinohara N. Full reconstitution of hematopoietic system by murine umbilical cord blood. Transplantation 2003; 75:1820-6. [PMID: 12811240 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000065295.99190.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murine umbilical cord blood cells (UCBCs) were studied for their ability to reconstitute the hematopoietic system. METHODS On average, 150 microL of cord blood per fetus containing 1.2 to 2 x 10(4) nucleated cells were collected from day 18.5 fetal umbilical cord, and 3 to 6 x 10(3) cells per fetus were obtained after separation by gradient centrifugation. RESULTS Although lineage marker-, c-Kit+, and Sca-1+ cells were detectable among UCBCs, cells designated to be in the side population (SP) by Hoechst 33342 staining were hardly detectable within this population; the frequency of cells of this phenotype was less than 1 of 105. Instead, the lineage marker-, c-Kit+, and Sca-1- population contained a considerable number of SP cells. Nevertheless, UCBCs obtained from fetuses of green fluorescent protein-transgenic mice successfully reconstituted the blood cells of lethally irradiated recipients. Fluorescent cells could be readily detected in every blood cell lineage and among immature cell populations. Furthermore, fluorescent SP cells sorted from the recipient bone marrow cells could also reconstitute the blood cells in the secondary recipients, indicating that UCBCs also replenished bone marrow stem cells. CONCLUSION Murine UCBC could fully reconstitute the hematopoietic system of lethally irradiated recipients including hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujio Migishima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Efficient gene transfer into murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) provides a powerful tool for exploring hematopoietic stem cell biology. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer into murine CD34(-/low)c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+)Lin(-) (CD34(-) KSL) cells that are highly enriched for HSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS FACS-sorted CD34(-) KSL cells were transduced with the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein-pseudotyped HIV-1-based lentiviral vector containing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter, and then 50 transduced cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated mice. Transduction efficiency was assessed by FACS analysis for GFP expression in peripheral blood (PB) cells. FACS-sorted GFP(+) KSL bone marrow (BM) cells from primary recipients were used for secondary transplantation, and GFP expression in PB cells of reconstituted mice was analyzed by FACS. RESULTS GFP expression was detected in PB cells of all primary recipients (n = 10) at an average of 40% (range 26-58%) when the lentiviral vector containing the woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element was used. GFP(+) cells were found in multilineage cells in PB, BM, spleen, and thymus for at least 8 months posttransplantation. In secondary recipients, donor-derived GFP(+) KSL BM cells could reconstitute and GFP expression was detected in both myeloid and lymphoid cells in PB. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that lentiviral vectors can efficiently transduce highly enriched murine HSCs and sustain long-term expression of the transgene in the multilineage differentiated progeny in reconstituted mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Tahara-Hanaoka
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (Japan Science and Technology Corporation), Ibaraki, Japan
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Abstract
Little is known about the manner in which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renew. To address this issue, we used a serum-free single-cell culture, followed by transplantation of cultured cells into lethally irradiated mice. CD34-negative or low, c-Kit-positive, Sca-1-positive, lineage marker-negative (CD34-KSL) cells are highly enriched for murine bone marrow HSCs. Successful long-term reconstitution with a single CD34-KSL cell enabled us to study in vitro self-renewal of HSC at clonal level. Using this clonal cell transplantation system, we examined the effect of various cytokines on CD34-KSL cells. Among the cytokines examined, stem cell factor (SCF) and thrombopoietin (TPO) were minimum cytokines to induce cell division of CD34-KSL cells most efficiently. Similarly, multilineage repopulating activity was detected in the cells derived from a significant portion of single cells after culture in the presence of TPO and SCF. However, SCF + IL-3, SCF + IL-6, or SCF + IL-11 + FL appeared to be less effective for self-renewal of HSCs. The activity of HSCs as indicated by repopulation unit (RU) remaining after culture with SCF and TPO was not so different from that of freshly isolated HSCs. However, there was a substantial loss of HSC number in these cultured cells. Taken together, this study provides definitive proof that one HSC can generate at least one HSC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakauchi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575 Japan.
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