Comparison of 3D Easy Box cone-beam computed tomography analysis with 2D Modified Easy Box on OPG as a prognostic tool for impacted maxillary canines: A pilot study

OBJECTIVE

To assess and compare the validity of 2D modified Easy Box and measurement of the Beta angle on standard conventional orthopantomogram (OPG) versus 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) OPG-constructed view.

DESIGN

A retrospective agreement study.

METHODS

The aim of this study was to construct an Easy Box on a standard conventional OPG and to validate this novel method by comparing it with the Easy Box method on 3D CBCT. After approval from the Ethics Committee, OPG and CBCT radiographs were obtained for the study from departmental records and five private practices in the same location (Indore, India). The radiographs were selected based on record availability and with written consent from the participants before the commencement of the study. The records were analysed to enable a comparison and to assess the accuracy of Easy Box construction on both 3D CBCT and standard conventional OPG radiographs. The location of the impacted canine within the Easy Box boundaries and the measurement of the Beta angle were determined on both views.

RESULTS

A perfect agreement was obtained for the comparison of 3D Easy Box CBCT analysis with 2D modified Easy Box on OPG for impacted maxillary canines (Kappa = 1.0). A Bland-Altman (LoA) analysis showed no proportional bias in the comparison of the Beta angle on 3D and 2D OPG radiographs.

CONCLUSION

Beta angle and 2D modified Easy Box on a conventional OPG yield similar results when compared to Easy Box on 3D CBCT OPG-constructed view. The standard OPG was valuable and cost-effective, particularly in the early stages of diagnosis and treatment planning, either as a substitute or when CBCT was unavailable.

Transdermal Patches for Pain Relief in Orthodontic Procedures: A Narrative Review

Pain relief is an integral component of any orthodontic procedure given its high association with patient compliance and treatment adherence. A transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is a non-invasive method of drug delivery through the skin surface that can spread the medication throughout the dermis at a predetermined rate to produce a local or systemic effect. It might be used in place of hypodermic injections and the oral medication route. A transdermal analgesic, often known as a pain reliever patch, is an adhesive patch that contains medication to treat mild-to-severe pain. Many opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are currently available as patches. TDDS offers many benefits over the conventional medication delivery method. The non-invasive transdermal route or therapy has features such as excellent bioavailability, stable medication plasma concentration, and no first-pass metabolism effect. This review aims to explore the available evidence on the use of transdermal patches for pain relief in orthodontic procedures and possibly suggest recommendations based on the findings.

Role of Gene Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Review Article

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an immensely heterogeneous disease characterized by the clonal growth of promyelocytes or myeloblasts in bone marrow as well as in peripheral blood or tissue. Enhancement in the knowledge of the molecular biology of cancer and recognition of intermittent mutations in AML contribute to favorable circumstances to establish targeted therapies and enhance the clinical outcome. There is high interest in the development of therapies that target definitive abnormalities in AML while eradicating leukemia-initiating cells. In recent years, there has been a better knowledge of the molecular abnormalities that lead to the progression of AML, and the application of new methods in molecular biology techniques has increased that facilitating the advancement of investigational drugs. In this review, literature or information on various gene mutations for AML is discussed. English language articles were scrutinized in plentiful directories or databases like PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The important keywords used for searching databases is "Acute myeloid leukemia", "Gene mutation in Acute myeloid leukemia", "Genetic alteration in Acute myeloid leukemia," and "Genetic abnormalities in Acute myeloid leukemia."

A Comparison of Parental Satisfaction in the Quality of their Child's Orthodontic Treatment by Orthodontists and Pedodontists

BACKGROUND

The aim was to evaluate satisfaction of the parents of children who have undergone orthodontic treatment provided by their orthodontists and pediatric dentists in their private practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 412 parents were interviewed with the help of a questionnaire containing information such as demographic part, experience of braces, motives for orthodontic treatment, complications faced during the procedure and reasoning for satisfaction. Student's t-test was applied to analyze the results. The level of significance was set at P = 0.05.

RESULTS

A higher level of satisfaction was seen in parents of children treated by pedodontists (mean score of satisfaction = 0.752) when compared with those treated by orthodontists (mean score of satisfaction = 0.631) which was statistically significant. Parents of girl patients showed a higher mean score of satisfaction (1.021) when compared with those of boy patients (0.321), which was also statistically significant.

CONCLUSION

It can be concluded that the pedodontists performed orthodontic treatment to a similar standard as orthodontists, in fact they proved to be better in terms of patient care and behavior management as the parental satisfaction in the quality of orthodontic care was more with pediatric dentists than with orthodontists in this study.

Soft tissue cephalometric norms for central India (malwa) female population

BACKGROUND

The various soft tissue traits that contribute to an aesthetically pleasing face. This should be considered during orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to propose soft tissue norms for Central Indian (Malwa) female population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Facial photographs of 78 patients of age group 18-26 years were taken in Department of Orthodontics, Rau, Indore, which were then subjected to a selection process and 30 top scorers (30 females) were selected. Lateral cephalograms of individuals were taken and soft tissue profile as well as related osseous and dental structures standard tracing were made on the acetate matte tracing paper. Then eighteen soft tissue traits were studied as described by Bergman.

RESULTS

The present study showed that, a mild convexity of the face and the resulting tendency toward Class II in females is acceptable esthetically. A fuller upper lip is considered balanced and esthetic. Increase in lip incompetency is considered unaesthetic.

CONCLUSION

A mild convexity of the face and the resulting tendency toward Class II in females is acceptable esthetically. Individual norms are necessary for a population in order to plan and deliver quality treatment.