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Hewitt TC, Henningsen EC, Pereira D, McElroy K, Nazareno ES, Dugyala S, Nguyen-Phuc H, Li F, Miller ME, Visser B, Pretorius ZA, Boshoff WHP, Sperschneider J, Stukenbrock EH, Kianian SF, Dodds PN, Figueroa M. Genome-Enabled Analysis of Population Dynamics and Virulence-Associated Loci in the Oat Crown Rust Fungus Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2024; 37:290-303. [PMID: 37955552 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-23-0126-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca) is an important fungal pathogen causing crown rust that impacts oat production worldwide. Genetic resistance for crop protection against Pca is often overcome by the rapid virulence evolution of the pathogen. This study investigated the factors shaping adaptive evolution of Pca using pathogen populations from distinct geographic regions within the United States and South Africa. Phenotypic and genome-wide sequencing data of these diverse Pca collections, including 217 isolates, uncovered phylogenetic relationships and established distinct genetic composition between populations from northern and southern regions from the United States and South Africa. The population dynamics of Pca involve a bidirectional movement of inoculum between northern and southern regions of the United States and contributions from clonality and sexuality. The population from South Africa is solely clonal. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) employing a haplotype-resolved Pca reference genome was used to define 11 virulence-associated loci corresponding to 25 oat differential lines. These regions were screened to determine candidate Avr effector genes. Overall, the GWAS results allowed us to identify the underlying genetic factors controlling pathogen recognition in an oat differential set used in the United States to assign pathogen races (pathotypes). Key GWAS findings support complex genetic interactions in several oat lines, suggesting allelism among resistance genes or redundancy of genes included in the differential set, multiple resistance genes recognizing genetically linked Avr effector genes, or potentially epistatic relationships. A careful evaluation of the composition of the oat differential set accompanied by the development or implementation of molecular markers is recommended. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim C Hewitt
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Eva C Henningsen
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Danilo Pereira
- Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Kerensa McElroy
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Eric S Nazareno
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Sheshanka Dugyala
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Hoa Nguyen-Phuc
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Marisa E Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Botma Visser
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Zacharias A Pretorius
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Willem H P Boshoff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Jana Sperschneider
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Eva H Stukenbrock
- Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Shahryar F Kianian
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Peter N Dodds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Melania Figueroa
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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2
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Adeniyi-Ipadeola GO, Hankins JD, Kambal A, Zeng XL, Patil K, Poplaski V, Bomidi C, Nguyen-Phuc H, Grimm SL, Coarfa C, Stossi F, Crawford SE, Blutt SE, Speer AL, Estes MK, Ramani S. Infant and Adult Human Intestinal Enteroids are Morphologically and Functionally Distinct. bioRxiv 2024:2023.05.19.541350. [PMID: 37292968 PMCID: PMC10245709 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.541350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) are gaining recognition as physiologically relevant models of the intestinal epithelium. While HIEs from adults are used extensively in biomedical research, few studies have used HIEs from infants. Considering the dramatic developmental changes that occur during infancy, it is important to establish models that represent infant intestinal characteristics and physiological responses. Methods We established jejunal HIEs from infant surgical samples and performed comparisons to jejunal HIEs from adults using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and morphologic analyses. We validated differences in key pathways through functional studies and determined if these cultures recapitulate known features of the infant intestinal epithelium. Results RNA-Seq analysis showed significant differences in the transcriptome of infant and adult HIEs, including differences in genes and pathways associated with cell differentiation and proliferation, tissue development, lipid metabolism, innate immunity, and biological adhesion. Validating these results, we observed a higher abundance of cells expressing specific enterocyte, goblet cell and enteroendocrine cell markers in differentiated infant HIE monolayers, and greater numbers of proliferative cells in undifferentiated 3D cultures. Compared to adult HIEs, infant HIEs portray characteristics of an immature gastrointestinal epithelium including significantly shorter cell height, lower epithelial barrier integrity, and lower innate immune responses to infection with an oral poliovirus vaccine. Conclusions HIEs established from infant intestinal tissues reflect characteristics of the infant gut and are distinct from adult cultures. Our data support the use of infant HIEs as an ex-vivo model to advance studies of infant-specific diseases and drug discovery for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia D Hankins
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Amal Kambal
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center Gastrointestinal Experimental Model Systems (GEMS) Core
| | - Xi-Lei Zeng
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center Gastrointestinal Experimental Model Systems (GEMS) Core
| | - Ketki Patil
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Victoria Poplaski
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Carolyn Bomidi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hoa Nguyen-Phuc
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Golf Coast Consortium Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX
| | - Sue E Crawford
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sarah E Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center Gastrointestinal Experimental Model Systems (GEMS) Core
| | - Allison L Speer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center Gastrointestinal Experimental Model Systems (GEMS) Core
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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3
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Poplaski V, Bomidi C, Kambal A, Nguyen-Phuc H, Di Rienzi SC, Danhof HA, Zeng XL, Feagins LA, Deng N, Vilar E, McAllister F, Coarfa C, Min S, Kim HJ, Shukla R, Britton R, Estes MK, Blutt SE. Human intestinal organoids from Cronkhite-Canada syndrome patients reveal link between serotonin and proliferation. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166884. [PMID: 37909332 PMCID: PMC10617781 DOI: 10.1172/jci166884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome (CCS) is a rare, noninherited polyposis syndrome affecting 1 in every million individuals. Despite over 50 years of CCS cases, the etiopathogenesis and optimal treatment for CCS remains unknown due to the rarity of the disease and lack of model systems. To better understand the etiology of CCS, we generated human intestinal organoids (HIOs) from intestinal stem cells isolated from 2 patients. We discovered that CCS HIOs are highly proliferative and have increased numbers of enteroendocrine cells producing serotonin (also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine or 5HT). These features were also confirmed in patient tissue biopsies. Recombinant 5HT increased proliferation of non-CCS donor HIOs and inhibition of 5HT production in the CCS HIOs resulted in decreased proliferation, suggesting a link between local epithelial 5HT production and control of epithelial stem cell proliferation. This link was confirmed in genetically engineered HIOs with an increased number of enteroendocrine cells. This work provides a new mechanism to explain the pathogenesis of CCS and illustrates the important contribution of HIO cultures to understanding disease etiology and in the identification of novel therapies. Our work demonstrates the principle of using organoids for personalized medicine and sheds light on how intestinal hormones can play a role in intestinal epithelial proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Poplaski
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
| | | | - Amal Kambal
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
| | | | - Sara C. Di Rienzi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heather A. Danhof
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xi-Lei Zeng
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
| | - Linda A. Feagins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Inflammatory Bowl Diseases, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nan Deng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas, USA
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas, USA
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Soyoun Min
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richa Shukla
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gasteroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gasteroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas, USA
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4
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Upadhyaya NM, Mago R, Panwar V, Hewitt T, Luo M, Chen J, Sperschneider J, Nguyen-Phuc H, Wang A, Ortiz D, Hac L, Bhatt D, Li F, Zhang J, Ayliffe M, Figueroa M, Kanyuka K, Ellis JG, Dodds PN. Genomics accelerated isolation of a new stem rust avirulence gene-wheat resistance gene pair. Nat Plants 2021; 7:1220-1228. [PMID: 34294906 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stem rust caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) is a devastating disease of the global staple crop wheat. Although this disease was largely controlled in the latter half of the twentieth century, new virulent strains of Pgt, such as Ug99, have recently evolved1,2. These strains have caused notable losses worldwide and their continued spread threatens global wheat production. Breeding for disease resistance provides the most cost-effective control of wheat rust diseases3. A number of rust resistance genes have been characterized in wheat and most encode immune receptors of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) class4, which recognize pathogen effector proteins known as avirulence (Avr) proteins5. However, only two Avr genes have been identified in Pgt so far, AvrSr35 and AvrSr50 (refs. 6,7), and none in other cereal rusts8,9. The Sr27 resistance gene was first identified in a wheat line carrying an introgression of the 3R chromosome from Imperial rye10. Although not deployed widely in wheat, Sr27 is widespread in the artificial crop species Triticosecale (triticale), which is a wheat-rye hybrid and is a host for Pgt11,12. Sr27 is effective against Ug99 (ref. 13) and other recent Pgt strains14,15. Here, we identify both the Sr27 gene in wheat and the corresponding AvrSr27 gene in Pgt and show that virulence to Sr27 can arise experimentally and in the field through deletion mutations, copy number variation and expression level polymorphisms at the AvrSr27 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana M Upadhyaya
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Rohit Mago
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Vinay Panwar
- Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Tim Hewitt
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ming Luo
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jian Chen
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jana Sperschneider
- Biological Data Science Institute, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hoa Nguyen-Phuc
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Aihua Wang
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Diana Ortiz
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA, Montfavet Cedex, France
| | - Luch Hac
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Dhara Bhatt
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Michael Ayliffe
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Melania Figueroa
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kostya Kanyuka
- Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Jeffrey G Ellis
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Peter N Dodds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
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5
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Miller ME, Nazareno ES, Rottschaefer SM, Riddle J, Dos Santos Pereira D, Li F, Nguyen-Phuc H, Henningsen EC, Persoons A, Saunders DGO, Stukenbrock E, Dodds PN, Kianian SF, Figueroa M. Increased virulence of Puccinia coronata f. sp.avenae populations through allele frequency changes at multiple putative Avr loci. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009291. [PMID: 33370783 PMCID: PMC7793281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen populations are expected to evolve virulence traits in response to resistance deployed in agricultural settings. However, few temporal datasets have been available to characterize this process at the population level. Here, we examined two temporally separated populations of Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca), which causes crown rust disease in oat (Avena sativa) sampled from 1990 to 2015. We show that a substantial increase in virulence occurred from 1990 to 2015 and this was associated with a genetic differentiation between populations detected by genome-wide sequencing. We found strong evidence for genetic recombination in these populations, showing the importance of the alternate host in generating genotypic variation through sexual reproduction. However, asexual expansion of some clonal lineages was also observed within years. Genome-wide association analysis identified seven Avr loci associated with virulence towards fifteen Pc resistance genes in oat and suggests that some groups of Pc genes recognize the same pathogen effectors. The temporal shift in virulence patterns in the Pca populations between 1990 and 2015 is associated with changes in allele frequency in these genomic regions. Nucleotide diversity patterns at a single Avr locus corresponding to Pc38, Pc39, Pc55, Pc63, Pc70, and Pc71 showed evidence of a selective sweep associated with the shift to virulence towards these resistance genes in all 2015 collected isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E. Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Eric S. Nazareno
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Rottschaefer
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jakob Riddle
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Danilo Dos Santos Pereira
- Environmental Genomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plon, Germany
- Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel Germany
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hoa Nguyen-Phuc
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Eva C. Henningsen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Antoine Persoons
- INRA/Universite de Lorraine Interactions Abres/Microorganismes, Champenoux, France
| | | | - Eva Stukenbrock
- Environmental Genomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plon, Germany
- Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel Germany
| | - Peter N. Dodds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australia
| | - Shahryar F. Kianian
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Melania Figueroa
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australia
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6
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Franzen-Klein D, Jankowski M, Roy CL, Nguyen-Phuc H, Chen D, Neuman-Lee L, Redig P, Ponder J. Evaluation of neurobehavioral abnormalities and immunotoxicity in response to oral imidacloprid exposure in domestic chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2020; 83:45-65. [PMID: 32024444 PMCID: PMC8087242 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1723154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were exposed to imidacloprid by gavage once daily for 7 consecutive days at 0, 0.03, 0.34, 3.42, 10.25, and 15.5 mg/kg/day (n = 20 per group; 5 6-week-old males, 5 6-week-old females, 5 9-week-old males, and 5 9-week-old females). The severity and duration of neurobehavioral abnormalities were recorded. Components of the innate and adaptive immune system were assessed with 7 standard functional assays. Temporary neurobehavioral abnormalities were observed in a dose-dependent manner, including muscle tremors, ataxia, and depressed mentation. Based upon mean clinical severity scores, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 3.42 mg/kg/day, and the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) was 10.25 mg/kg/day. The effective dose value for the presence of any neurobehavioral abnormalities in 50% of the test group (ED50) was 4.62 ± 0.98 mg/kg/day. The ED50 for an adjusted score that included both severity and duration of neurobehavioral abnormalities was 11.24 ± 9.33 mg/kg/day. These ED50 values are equivalent to a 1 kg bird ingesting 29 or 70 imidacloprid treated soybean seeds respectively. Immunotoxicity was not documented, possible causes include the assays were insensitive, relevant immune functions were not examined, or imidacloprid is not immunotoxic at this dosing schedule in this species. Neurobehavioral abnormalities were a more sensitive indicator of the sublethal effects of imidacloprid than immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Franzen-Klein
- The Raptor Center, The University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark Jankowski
- The Raptor Center, The University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Charlotte L Roy
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hoa Nguyen-Phuc
- The Raptor Center, The University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Da Chen
- Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Lorin Neuman-Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
| | - Patrick Redig
- The Raptor Center, The University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julia Ponder
- The Raptor Center, The University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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7
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Nguyen-Phuc H, Fulton JE, Berres ME. Genetic variation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in wild Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus). Poult Sci 2016; 95:400-11. [PMID: 26839415 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a multi-family gene cluster that encodes proteins with immuno-responsive function. While studies of MHC in domesticated poultry are relatively common, very little is known about this highly polymorphic locus in wild Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus), the natural progenitor of domestic chickens. We investigated the diversity of MHC within and among four wild Red Junglefowl populations across diversified natural habitats in South Central Vietnam. Based on a SNP panel of 84 sites spanning 210 Kb of the MHC-B locus, we identified 310 unique haplotypes in 398 chromosomes. None of these haplotypes have been described before and we did not observe any of the wild Red Junglefowl haplotypes in domesticated chickens. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 94.51% of observed haplotype variation was accounted for at the within individual level. Little genetic variance was apportioned within and among populations, the latter accounting only for 0.83%. We also found evidence of increased recombination, including numerous hotspots, and limited linkage disequilibrium among the 84 SNP sites. Compared to an average haplotype diversity of 3.55% among seventeen lines of domestic chickens, our results suggest extraordinarily high haplotype diversity remains in wild Red Junglefowl and is consistent with a pattern of balancing selection. Wild Red Junglefowl in Vietnam, therefore, represent a rich resource of natural genomic variation independent from artificial selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Nguyen-Phuc
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Animal Sciences, Madison, WI
| | | | - Mark E Berres
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Animal Sciences, Madison, WI
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