1
|
Hasse B, Tarr PE, Marques-Vidal P, Waeber G, Preisig M, Mooser V, Valeri F, Djalali S, Andri R, Bernasconi E, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Vernazza P, Battegay M, Weber R, Senn O, Vollenweider P, Ledergerber B, Aubert V, Barth J, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Böni J, Bucher HC, Burton-Jeangros C, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Egger M, Elzi L, Fehr J, Fellay J, Furrer H, Fux CA, Gorgievski M, Günthard H, Haerry D, Hasse B, Hirsch HH, Hösli I, Kahlert C, Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, Kouyos R, Kovari H, Ledergerber B, Martinetti G, Martinez de Tejada B, Metzner K, Müller N, Nadal D, Pantaleo G, Rauch A, Regenass S, Rickenbach M, Rudin C, Schöni-Affolter F, Schmid P, Schultze D, Schüpbach J, Speck R, Staehelin C, Tarr P, Telenti A, Trkola A, Vernazza P, Weber R, Yerly S, Jean-Michel A, Murielle B, Jean Michel G, Christoph H, Thomas L, Pedro MV, Vincent M, Fred P, Martin P, Peter V, Roland VK, Aidacic V, Gerard W, Jürg B, Markus B, Heinz B, Martin B, Hans-Ulrich B, Ivo B, Reto C, Isabelle C, Corinne C, Sima D, Peter D, Simone E, Andrea F, Markus F, Claudius F, Jakob F, Ali GM, Matthias G, Denis H, Marcel H, Walter H, Simon H, Felix H, Paul H, Eva K, Vladimir K, Daniel K, Stephan K, Beat K, Benedict K, Heidi K, Vesna L, Giovanni L, Werner LH, Phillippe L, Severin L, Christoph M, Jürgen M, Damian M, Werner M, Titus M, Valentina N, Jakob R, Thomas R, Hana S, Frank S, Georg S, Oliver S, Pietro S, Jacques S, Alfred S, Alois S, Claudia S, Othmar S, Phuoc TT, Marco V, Alessandro V, René VA, Hans W, Fritz W, Johanna WS, Joseph W, Marco Z. Strong Impact of Smoking on Multimorbidity and Cardiovascular Risk Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals in Comparison With the General Population. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015; 2:ofv108. [PMID: 26284258 PMCID: PMC4536331 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIDS-associated morbidity has diminished due to excellent viral control. Multimorbidity are more prevalent and incident in Swiss HIV-positive persons compared to HIV-negative controls. However, smoking, but not HIV status, had a strong impact on cardiovascular risk and multimorbidity. Background. Although acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated morbidity has diminished due to excellent viral control, multimorbidity may be increasing among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons compared with the general population. Methods. We assessed the prevalence of comorbidities and multimorbidity in participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) compared with the population-based CoLaus study and the primary care-based FIRE (Family Medicine ICPC-Research using Electronic Medical Records) records. The incidence of the respective endpoints were assessed among SHCS and CoLaus participants. Poisson regression models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking. Results. Overall, 74 291 participants contributed data to prevalence analyses (3230 HIV-infected; 71 061 controls). In CoLaus, FIRE, and SHCS, multimorbidity was present among 26%, 13%, and 27% of participants. Compared with nonsmoking individuals from CoLaus, the incidence of cardiovascular disease was elevated among smoking individuals but independent of HIV status (HIV-negative smoking: incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2–2.5; HIV-positive smoking: IRR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1–2.6; HIV-positive nonsmoking: IRR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.44–1.4). Compared with nonsmoking HIV-negative persons, multivariable Poisson regression identified associations of HIV infection with hypertension (nonsmoking: IRR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5–2.4; smoking: IRR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.6–2.4), kidney (nonsmoking: IRR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.9–3.8; smoking: IRR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.9–3.6), and liver disease (nonsmoking: IRR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4–2.4; smoking: IRR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.4–2.2). No evidence was found for an association of HIV-infection or smoking with diabetes mellitus. Conclusions. Multimorbidity is more prevalent and incident in HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative individuals. Smoking, but not HIV status, has a strong impact on cardiovascular risk and multimorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hasse
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology , University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich
| | - Philip E Tarr
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology , Kantonsspital Baselland Bruderholz, University of Basel , Bruderholz
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Mooser
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois)
| | - Fabio Valeri
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich
| | - Sima Djalali
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich
| | - Rauch Andri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology , University and Inselspital Berne
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases , Regional Hospital , Lugano
| | - Alexandra Calmy
- Division of Infectious Diseases , University Hospital Geneva
| | - Matthias Cavassini
- Division of Infectious Diseases , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne
| | - Pietro Vernazza
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology , Cantonal Hospital , St. Gallen
| | - Manuel Battegay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology , University Hospital Basel , Switzerland
| | - Rainer Weber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology , University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich
| | - Oliver Senn
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich
| | | | - Bruno Ledergerber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology , University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trefzer U, Brockhaus M, Lötscher H, Parlow F, Budnik A, Grewe M, Christoph H, Kapp A, Schöpf E, Luger TA. The 55-kD tumor necrosis factor receptor on human keratinocytes is regulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and by ultraviolet B radiation. J Clin Invest 1993; 92:462-70. [PMID: 8392091 PMCID: PMC293633 DOI: 10.1172/jci116589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies we showed that cultured human keratinocytes expressed the 55-kD TNF receptor (TNFR) and that its expression the important for TNF alpha-mediated upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on keratinocytes. Because factors that either reduce or enhance TNFR expression are likely to have a major impact on the biological effects of TNF alpha on keratinocytes, these studies were conducted to determine the factors that regulate its expression on keratinocytes. Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, human keratinocytes were shown to lack 75-kD TNFR expression, indicating that TNF responsiveness of human keratinocytes critically depended on regulation of 55-kD TNFR expression. Human keratinocyte 55-kD TNFR surface and mRNA expression was found to be regulated in vitro by recombinant human (rh) TNF alpha. Stimulation of keratinocytes with rhTNF alpha initially decreased, but later increased, 55-kD TNFR surface expression. This biphasic modulation of 55-kD TNFR surface expression was associated with concomitant changes in 55-kD TNFR mRNA expression. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, a well-known inducer of synthesis and secretion of TNF alpha by human keratinocytes, was found to mimic TNF alpha-induced modulation of 55-kD TNFR surface and mRNA expression via a TNF alpha-mediated autocrine regulatory mechanism. Production of soluble 55-kD TNFR by human keratinocytes remained unaffected by TNF alpha stimulation or UVB irradiation. These studies provide clear evidence that membrane expression of the human 55-kD TNFR may be regulated in human keratinocytes by the ligand itself: TNF alpha. Since in previous studies UVB irradiation transiently inhibited TNF alpha-induced human keratinocyte ICAM-1 expression, it is proposed that UVB radiation-induced biphasic modulation of human keratinocyte 55-kD TNFR expression may affect the capacity of these cells to respond to TNF alpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Trefzer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|