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Jordan EJ, Calder EDE, Adcock HV, Male L, Nieger M, Slootweg JC, Jupp AR. Azophosphines: Synthesis, Structure and Coordination Chemistry. Chemistry 2024:e202401358. [PMID: 38624247 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The conceptual replacement of nitrogen with phosphorus in common organic functional groups unlocks new properties and reactivity. The phosphorus-containing analogues of triazenes are underexplored but offer great potential as flexible and small bite-angle ligands. This manuscript explores the synthesis and characterisation of a family of air-stable azophosphine-borane complexes, and their subsequent deprotection to the free azophosphines. These compounds are structurally characterised, both experimentally and computationally, and highlight the availability of the phosphorus lone pair for coordination. This is confirmed by demonstrating that neutral azophosphines can act as ligands in Ru complexes, and can coordinate as monodentate or bidentate ligands in a controlled manner, in contrast to their nitrogen analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Louise Male
- University of Birmingham, Chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Andrew R Jupp
- University of Birmingham, Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM
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Murray AJ, Cox LR, Adcock HV, Roberts RA. Academic drug discovery: Challenges and opportunities. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103918. [PMID: 38360148 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
There are many different approaches to drug discovery in academia, some of which are based broadly on the industrial model of discovering novel targets and then conducting screening within academic drug discovery centres to identify hit molecules. Here we describe our approach to drug discovery, which makes more efficient use of the capabilities and resources of the different stakeholders. Specifically, we have created a large portfolio of drug projects and conducted small amounts of derisking work to ensure projects are investment ready. In this feature we will describe this model, including its limitations and advantages, since we believe the ideas and concepts will be of interest to other academic institutions and consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Murray
- Birmingham Drug Discovery Hub, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Liam R Cox
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Holly V Adcock
- Birmingham Drug Discovery Hub, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ruth A Roberts
- Birmingham Drug Discovery Hub, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; ApconiX, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK.
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Read ML, Brookes K, Fletcher A, Thornton CEM, Alshahrani M, Khan R, Nieto HR, Adcock HV, Webster JRM, Cox L, Alderwick LJ, Boelaert K, Smith VE, McCabe CJ. OR28-03 Drug Repurposing Identifies Inhibitors of the Proteostasis Network to Augment Radioiodine Uptake in Combinatorial Approaches Targeting Thyroid Cancer. J Endocr Soc 2020. [PMCID: PMC7208217 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
New combinatorial drug strategies are urgently needed to improve radioiodine (RAI) uptake and efficiently ablate thyroid cancer cells, thereby reducing the risk of recurrent disease. Drug repurposing offers the promise of identifying already approved compounds capable of inducing sodium iodide symporter (NIS) function to enhance iodide uptake. However, a lack of thyroid cell-based assays amenable to high-throughput screening has limited progress. We utilised the mutated yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) as a surrogate biosensor of intracellular iodide and screened the Prestwick Chemical Library (1200 drugs; 95% approved) for quenching of YFP fluorescence. This allowed us to identify putative candidate drugs which increased iodide uptake >2 SD above mean. Categorisation of these revealed a high proportion of drugs that modulate the proteostasis network (19/48; ~40%), including key processes in protein homeostasis such as endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and autophagy. Secondary screening validated the activity of proteostasis modulators in enhancing iodide uptake after ranking 73 leading compounds based on their pharmacologic (AUC, EMAX and EC50) and specificity of response (NIS+ve vs NIS-ve YFP-thyroid cells) at ten different drug doses (0.1 to 50 μM). Of importance, several repurposed drugs (e.g. ebastine, Prestwick N, Prestwick C and clotrimazole) in combination with the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat induced a robust enhancement in RAI uptake in thyroid cancer cells (TPC-1 and 8505C NIS+ve cells, up to 11-fold vs DMSO, P<0.001), which was significantly greater than using vorinostat alone (up to 3-fold, P<0.01). For clotrimazole, we designed 7 new chemical derivatives, 3 of which showed enhanced aqueous solubility and retained the ability to significantly enhance RAI uptake. TaqMan RT-PCR revealed that, in contrast to vorinostat, our repurposed drugs failed to alter NIS mRNA expression, highlighting post-transcriptional mechanisms. Critically, 11 repurposed drugs induced significant gains in RAI uptake in human primary thyroid cells (up to 4.1-fold; P<0.05), the most physiological setting for NIS function. In conclusion, we performed high-throughput screening and identified proteostasis modulators, as well as other repurposed drugs, that markedly enhance radioiodine uptake. Further clinical investigation of these drugs might offer new combinatorial approaches, especially with existing therapies, to improve the treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Read
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Brookes
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Fletcher
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Caitlin E M Thornton
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Alshahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rashida Khan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah R Nieto
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Holly V Adcock
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie R M Webster
- Protein Expression Facility, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Cox
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Luke J Alderwick
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kristien Boelaert
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vicki E Smith
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J McCabe
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Wales SM, Adcock HV, Lewis W, Hamza D, Moody CJ. Nitrogen-Bridged, Natural Product Like Octahydrobenzofurans and Octahydroindoles: Scope and Mechanism of Bridge-Forming Reductive Amination via Caged Heteroadamantanes. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven. M. Wales
- School of Chemistry, University Park; University of Nottingham; 2RD Nottingham, NG7 United Kingdom
| | - Holly V. Adcock
- Biocity; Sygnature Discovery Ltd; Pennyfoot Street Nottingham, NG1 1GF United Kingdom
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University Park; University of Nottingham; 2RD Nottingham, NG7 United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Hamza
- Biocity; Sygnature Discovery Ltd; Pennyfoot Street Nottingham, NG1 1GF United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Moody
- School of Chemistry, University Park; University of Nottingham; 2RD Nottingham, NG7 United Kingdom
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Wales SM, Merisor EG, Adcock HV, Pearce CA, Strutt IR, Lewis W, Hamza D, Moody CJ. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted, Amino- and Pyrrolidino-Tetrahydrofurans as Lead-Like Molecular Scaffolds. Chemistry 2018; 24:8233-8239. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Wales
- School of Chemistry; University Park; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - Elena G. Merisor
- Sygnature Discovery Ltd, Biocity; Pennyfoot Street Nottingham NG1 1GF United Kingdom
| | - Holly V. Adcock
- Sygnature Discovery Ltd, Biocity; Pennyfoot Street Nottingham NG1 1GF United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Pearce
- Sygnature Discovery Ltd, Biocity; Pennyfoot Street Nottingham NG1 1GF United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Strutt
- Sygnature Discovery Ltd, Biocity; Pennyfoot Street Nottingham NG1 1GF United Kingdom
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry; University Park; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Hamza
- Sygnature Discovery Ltd, Biocity; Pennyfoot Street Nottingham NG1 1GF United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Moody
- School of Chemistry; University Park; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
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Adcock HV, Chatzopoulou E, Davies PW. Divergent C-H Insertion-Cyclization Cascades of N-Allyl Ynamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15525-9. [PMID: 26515958 PMCID: PMC4832826 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gold carbene reactivity patterns were accessed by ynamide insertion into a C(sp(3) )H bond. A substantial increase in molecular complexity occurred through the cascade polycyclization of N-allyl ynamides to form fused nitrogen-heterocycle scaffolds. Exquisite selectivity was observed despite several competing pathways in an efficient gold-catalyzed synthesis of densely functionalized C(sp(3) )-rich polycycles and a copper-catalyzed synthesis of fused pyridine derivatives. The respective gold-keteniminium and ketenimine activation pathways have been explored through a structure-reactivity study, and isotopic labeling identified turnover-limiting CH bond-cleavage in both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly V Adcock
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham (UK)
| | | | - Paul W Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham (UK).
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Adcock HV, Langer T, Davies PW. 1,2-N-migration in a gold-catalysed synthesis of functionalised indenes by the 1,1-carboalkoxylation of ynamides. Chemistry 2014; 20:7262-6. [PMID: 24828030 PMCID: PMC4204129 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Unique α-hemiaminal ether gold carbene intermediates were accessed by a gold-catalysed 1,1-carboalkoxylation strategy and evolved through a highly selective 1,2-N-migration. This skeletal rearrangement gave functionalised indenes, and isotopic labelling confirmed the rare C–N bond cleavage of the ynamide moiety. The effect of substituents on the migration has been explored, and a model is proposed to rationalise the observed selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly V Adcock
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham (UK), Fax: (+44) 121-4144403
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