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Posch C, Moslehi H, Sanlorenzo M, Green G, Vujic I, Panzer-Grümayer R, Rappersberger K, Ortiz-Urda S. Pharmacological inhibitors of c-KIT block mutant c-KIT mediated migration of melanocytes and melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45916-45925. [PMID: 27322141 PMCID: PMC5216770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase c-KIT (KIT) are frequent oncogenic alterations in melanoma and are predominantly detected in tumors of acral, mucosal, and chronically sun-damaged skin. Research indicates that melanocytes with aberrant KIT signaling can be found in the distant periphery of the primary tumor; However, it is hitherto unknown whether KIT might confer a migratory advantage, thereby enabling genetically abnormal cells to populate a distal area. In this study, we investigated the role of mutant KIT in melanocyte- and melanoma cell migration using KIT mutant lines as well as genetically manipulated murine and primary human melanocytes. Our results revealed that melanocytes, stably transduced with mutant KIT closed a gap inflicted on cell monolayers faster than wild-type controls. Similarly, KIT mutant human melanoma lines were able to populate a larger area in a 3D in vitro skin model compared to KIT wild type and BRAF mutant lines. Genomic profiling revealed that genes associated with increased cell-dispersal of KIT mutant variants were linked to a statistically significant up-regulation of 60 migratory genes (z-score 1.334; p=0.0001). In addition, in vivo experiments harnessing a mouse xenograft model of early melanoma development demonstrated rapid lateral migration of KIT mutant cells compared to respective controls. The specific kinase inhibitors imatinib and nilotinib, could abrogate this migratory advantage in vitro and in vivo. Our work suggests that KIT inhibition might help to target migratory active, KIT mutant melanoma cells, thus representing a potential strategy to reduce spread and local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Posch
- Department of Dermatology, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,School of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria.,Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Homayoun Moslehi
- Department of Dermatology, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martina Sanlorenzo
- Department of Dermatology, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gary Green
- Department of Dermatology, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Igor Vujic
- Department of Dermatology, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,School of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Klemens Rappersberger
- Department of Dermatology, The Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,School of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susana Ortiz-Urda
- Department of Dermatology, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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3
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Ahn RS, Moslehi H, Martin MP, Abad-Santos M, Bowcock AM, Carrington M, Liao W. Inhibitory KIR3DL1 alleles are associated with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2015; 174:449-51. [PMID: 26286807 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R S Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0808, U.S.A..
| | - H Moslehi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0808, U.S.A
| | - M P Martin
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, U.S.A.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | - M Abad-Santos
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0808, U.S.A
| | - A M Bowcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - M Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, U.S.A.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | - W Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0808, U.S.A
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4
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Zheng CL, Wang NJ, Chung J, Moslehi H, Sanborn JZ, Hur JS, Collisson EA, Vemula SS, Naujokas A, Chiotti KE, Cheng JB, Fassihi H, Blumberg AJ, Bailey CV, Fudem GM, Mihm FG, Cunningham BB, Neuhaus IM, Liao W, Oh DH, Cleaver JE, LeBoit PE, Costello JF, Lehmann AR, Gray JW, Spellman PT, Arron ST, Huh N, Purdom E, Cho RJ. Transcription restores DNA repair to heterochromatin, determining regional mutation rates in cancer genomes. Cell Rep 2014; 9:1228-34. [PMID: 25456125 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in cancer are more frequent in heterochromatic and late-replicating regions of the genome. We report that regional disparities in mutation density are virtually abolished within transcriptionally silent genomic regions of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) arising in an XPC(-/-) background. XPC(-/-) cells lack global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), thus establishing differential access of DNA repair machinery within chromatin-rich regions of the genome as the primary cause for the regional disparity. Strikingly, we find that increasing levels of transcription reduce mutation prevalence on both strands of gene bodies embedded within H3K9me3-dense regions, and only to those levels observed in H3K9me3-sparse regions, also in an XPC-dependent manner. Therefore, transcription appears to reduce mutation prevalence specifically by relieving the constraints imposed by chromatin structure on DNA repair. We model this relationship among transcription, chromatin state, and DNA repair, revealing a new, personalized determinant of cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Zheng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Nicholas J Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jongsuk Chung
- Emerging Technology Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Kyunggi-do 446-712, Korea
| | - Homayoun Moslehi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Joseph S Hur
- Headquarters, Samsung Electronics, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-857, Korea
| | - Eric A Collisson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Swapna S Vemula
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Agne Naujokas
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kami E Chiotti
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hiva Fassihi
- National Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrew J Blumberg
- Department of Mathematics, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Celeste V Bailey
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gary M Fudem
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Frederick G Mihm
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bari B Cunningham
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Isaac M Neuhaus
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Wilson Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dennis H Oh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Dermatology Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - James E Cleaver
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Philip E LeBoit
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alan R Lehmann
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Joe W Gray
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Paul T Spellman
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sarah T Arron
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nam Huh
- Emerging Technology Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Kyunggi-do 446-712, Korea
| | - Elizabeth Purdom
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Raymond J Cho
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder that affects 1% to 3% of the general population worldwide. Streptococcal infection, especially streptococcal pharyngitis, has been shown to be a significant trigger of psoriasis in some patients, possibly by sensitizing T cells to keratin epitopes in the skin. Due to the role of the palatine tonsils as an immunological organ that may generate autoreactive T cells, tonsillectomy has been investigated as a treatment for psoriasis. Tonsillectomy originally gained acceptance in Japan as a treatment for palmoplantar pustulosis, a condition that shares features with pustular psoriasis. Subsequently, tonsillectomy has been used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis and guttate psoriasis. Recently, the first randomized, controlled clinical trial of tonsillectomy was performed. Here, we review the available evidence for the benefit of tonsillectomy as a treatment for palmoplantar pustulosis and psoriasis. We also discuss molecular studies aimed at understanding the role of tonsils in skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiggin Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Psoriasis and Skin Treatment Center, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center , San Francisco, CA , USA
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11
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Nassif A, Bensussan A, Boumsell L, Deniaud A, Moslehi H, Wolkenstein P, Bagot M, Roujeau JC. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Effector cells are drug-specific cytotoxic T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114:1209-15. [PMID: 15536433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a very rare but extremely severe drug reaction characterized by widespread apoptosis of epidermis with extensive blisters. We previously found drug-specific cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes in the blisters of a single patient. OBJECTIVE To confirm the role of drug specific cytotoxic lymphocytes in a larger series, to test the cytotoxicity on keratinocytes, and to look for cross-reactivity between chemically related drugs. METHODS The phenotype of lymphocytes present in the blister fluids of 6 patients with TEN was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic functions were tested by chromium release assay on a variety of target cells (autologous or MHC class I-matched EBV-transformed lymphocytes, autologous keratinocytes) after nonspecific (CD3 monoclonal antibody) or specific (suspected and potentially cross-reactive drugs) activation. RESULTS Blister lymphocytes were CD8 + HLA-DR + CLA + CD56 + . In all 6 cases, they were cytotoxic after nonspecific activation. A drug-specific cytotoxicity was observed in 4 cases (3 related to cotrimoxazole and 1 to carbamazepine) toward lymphocytes. Blister cells also killed IFN-gamma-activated autologous keratinocytes in the presence of drug in the 2 patients tested. Blister cells showed a strong immunoreactivity for granzyme B, and cytotoxicity was abolished by EGTA, but not by anti-Fas/CD95, suggesting perforin/granzyme-mediated killing. By using several sulfonamides for testing the specificity of the drug T-cell receptor interaction, we observed cross-reactivity only between 4 structurally closely related medications. CONCLUSION These results strongly suggest that drug-specific, MHC class I-restricted, perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity probably has a primary role in TEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Nassif
- INSERM U448, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Universite Paris XII, F-94010 Créteil, France
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