WITHANICANDRIN ISOLATED FROM Datura Ferox PROMOTES ANTINOCICEPTION BY MODULATING THE ASICS AND TRPS CHANNELS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATION IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH

This is the first study to analyze the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effect of withanicandrin, isolated from Datura Ferox leaves, and the possible mechanism of action involved in adult zebrafish (ZFa). To this end, the animals were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with withanicandrin (4; 20 and 40 mg/kg; 20 μL) and subjected to locomotor activity and acute toxicity. Nociception tests were also carried out with chemical agents, in addition to tests to evaluate inflammatory processes induced by κ-Carrageenan 1.5% and a Molecular Docking study. As a result, withanicandrin reduced nociceptive behavior by capsaicin at a dose of 40 mg/kg and by acid saline at doses of 4 and 40 mg/kg, through neuromodulation of TRPV1 channels and ASICs, identified through blocking the antinociceptive effect of withanicandrin by the antagonists capsazepine and naloxone. Furthermore, withanicandrin caused an anti-inflammatory effect through the reduction of abdominal edema, absence of leukocyte infiltrate in the liver tissue and reduction of ROS in thel liver tissue and presented better affinity energy compared to control morphine (TRPV1) and ibuprofen (COX-1 and COX-2).

Neuromodulation of Acid-Sensitive Ion Channels (ASICs) and Anti-Inflammatory Potential by Lichenxanthone in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Experimental and Docking Studies

The xanthone lichenxanthone did not show toxic effects (LC50>1.0 mg/mL). lichenxanthone prevented nociceptive behavior induced by acidic saline, and its analgesic effect was blocked by amiloride, highlighting the involvement of neuromodulation of acid-sensitive ion channels (ASICs). In the analysis of anti-inflammatory activity, concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL of lichenxanthone reduced the edema induced by k-carrageenan 3.5 %, observed from the fourth hour of analysis. This effect was similar to that observed with ibuprofen (positive control). No leukocyte infiltrates were observed in lichenxanthone, suggesting that the compound acts in the acute inflammatory response. The results of the molecular docking study revealed that lichenxanthone exhibited better affinity energy when compared to the ibuprofen control against the two targets evaluated.

Essential Oils from the Genus Piper Promote Antinociception by Modulating TRP Channels and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Adult Zebrafish

The Piper genus, known for its pharmacological potential, comprises 2,263 species primarily found in tropical regions. Despite recent advancements in pain therapies, the demand for more effective and well-tolerated analgesics and anti-inflammatories, particularly for chronic pain, remains. This study assessed the effects of essential oils from Piper caldense, Piper mosenii, and Piper mikanianum on nociceptive behavior induced by formalin and capsaicin, as well as their anti-inflammatory impact induced by carrageenan, using adult zebrafish models. Results indicated non-toxic essential oils with antinociceptive properties in both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin-induced nociception through interaction with the TRPA1 receptor. Additionally, P. mosenii essential oil also blocked the nociceptive effect of capsaicin, a TRPV1 receptor agonist. Furthermore, essential oils from P. caldense and P. mikanianum exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects by reducing carrageenan-induced abdominal edema. These findings highlight the pharmacological potential of Piper's essential oils as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory agents.