Use of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) as a Vehicle for Drug Delivery

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is a method of providing nutrients directly into the bloodstream for individuals who are unable to meet their nutritional needs through the normal digestive process or gastrointestinal system. It provides macronutrients and micronutrients in a single container, reducing handling and contamination risks and making it more cost-effective. TPN has the potential to be used as a drug delivery system, with applications in combination therapies, personalized medicine, and integrating advanced technologies. It can enhance drug dosage precision and provide nutritional assistance, potentially reducing hospitalization and improving patient outcomes. However, implementing new applications requires thorough testing and regulatory approval. TPN could be particularly useful in pediatric and geriatric care and could also contribute to global health by combating malnutrition in areas with limited medical resources. Healthcare professionals prepare a sterile solution tailored to each patient's nutritional needs, and administration involves a central venous catheter. However, the simultaneous administration of medications with PN admixtures can result in pharmacological incompatibility, which can impact the stability of the oil-in-water system. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition recommendations advise against including non-nutrient drugs in PN admixtures due to safety concerns. This review focuses on the utilization of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) as a method for delivering drugs. It discusses the benefits and difficulties associated with its commercial application and offers suggestions for future research endeavors.

Revolutionizing Pharmaceutical Industry: The Radical Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

This article explores the significant impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) on the pharmaceutical industry, which has transformed the drug development process. AI and ML technologies provide powerful tools for analysis, decision-making, and prediction by simplifying complex procedures from drug design to formulation design. These techniques could potentially speed up the development of better medications and drug development processes, improving the lives of millions of people. However, the use of these techniques requires trained personnel and human surveillance for AI to function effectively, if not there is a possibility of errors like security breaches of personal data and bias can also occur. Thus, the present review article discusses the transformative power of AI and ML in the pharmaceutical industry and provides insights into the future of drug development and patient care.