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Lin H, Huang YS, Fustin JM, Doi M, Chen H, Lai HH, Lin SH, Lee YL, King PC, Hou HS, Chen HW, Young PY, Chao HW. Hyperpolyploidization of hepatocyte initiates preneoplastic lesion formation in the liver. Nat Commun 2021; 12:645. [PMID: 33510150 PMCID: PMC7844417 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most predominant primary malignancy in the liver. Genotoxic and genetic models have revealed that HCC cells are derived from hepatocytes, but where the critical region for tumor foci emergence is and how this transformation occurs are still unclear. Here, hyperpolyploidization of hepatocytes around the centrilobular (CL) region is demonstrated to be closely linked with the development of HCC cells after diethylnitrosamine treatment. We identify the CL region as a dominant lobule for accumulation of hyperpolyploid hepatocytes and preneoplastic tumor foci formation. We also demonstrate that upregulation of Aurkb plays a critical role in promoting hyperpolyploidization. Increase of AURKB phosphorylation is detected on the midbody during cytokinesis, causing abscission failure and hyperpolyploidization. Pharmacological inhibition of AURKB dramatically reduces nucleus size and tumor foci number surrounding the CL region in diethylnitrosamine-treated liver. Our work reveals an intimate molecular link between pathological hyperpolyploidy of CL hepatocytes and transformation into HCC cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemically induced
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Diethylnitrosamine/toxicity
- Female
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Humans
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Polyploidy
- Precancerous Conditions/chemically induced
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Sung Huang
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Michel Fustin
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Huatao Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hui-Huang Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lurk Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chih King
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-San Hou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wen Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Young
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Wen Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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2
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Lee KL, Hou HS, Cheng JY, Wei PK. High-Throughput and Dynamic Study of Drug and Cell Interactions Using Contrast Images in Aluminum-Based Nanoslit Arrays. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9674-9681. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Li Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-San Hou
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Yen Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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Hou HS, Lee KL, Wang CH, Hsieh TH, Sun JJ, Wei PK, Cheng JY. Simultaneous assessment of cell morphology and adhesion using aluminum nanoslit-based plasmonic biosensing chips. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7204. [PMID: 31076598 PMCID: PMC6510726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43442-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of physiological and pathological processes rely on cell adhesion, which is most often tracked by changes in cellular morphology. We previously reported a novel gold nanoslit-based biosensor that is capable of real-time and label-free monitoring of cell morphological changes and cell viability. However, the preparation of gold biosensors is inefficient, complicated and costly. Recently, nanostructure-based aluminum (Al) sensors have been introduced for biosensing applications. The Al-based sensor has a longer decay length and is capable of analyzing large-sized mass such as cells. Here, we developed two types of double-layer Al nanoslit-based plasmonic biosensors, which were nanofabricated and used to evaluate the correlation between metastatic potency and adhesion of lung cancer and melanoma cell lines. Cell adhesion was determined by Fano resonance signals that were induced by binding of the cells to the nanoslit. The peak and dip of the Fano resonance spectrum respectively reflected long- and short-range cellular changes, allowing us to simultaneously detect and distinguish between focal adhesion and cell spreading. Also, the Al nanoslit-based biosensor chips were used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of drugs on cancer cell spreading. We are the first to report the use of double layer Al nanoslit-based biosensors for detection of cell behavior, and such devices may become powerful tools for anti-metastasis drug screening in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-San Hou
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Li Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hung Wang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Han Hsieh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Jie Sun
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Yen Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan. .,College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
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Tsai MS, Chiang MT, Tsai DL, Yang CW, Hou HS, Li YR, Chang PC, Lin HH, Chen HY, Hwang IS, Wei PK, Hsu CP, Lin KI, Liu FT, Chau LY. Galectin-1 Restricts Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Motility Via Modulating Adhesion Force and Focal Adhesion Dynamics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11497. [PMID: 30065303 PMCID: PMC6068105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration play a key role in the development of intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a redox-sensitive β-galactoside-binding lectin expressed in VSMCs with intracellular and extracellular localizations. Here we show that VSMCs deficient in Gal-1 (Gal-1-KO) exhibited greater motility than wild type (WT) cells. Likewise, Gal-1-KO-VSMC migration was inhibited by a redox-insensitive but activity-preserved Gal-1 (CSGal-1) in a glycan-dependent manner. Gal-1-KO-VSMCs adhered slower than WT cells on fibronectin. Cell spreading and focal adhesion (FA) formation examined by phalloidin and vinculin staining were less in Gal-1-KO-VSMCs. Concomitantly, FA kinase (FAK) phosphorylation was induced to a lower extent in Gal-1-KO cells. Analysis of FA dynamics by nocodazole washout assay demonstrated that FA disassembly, correlated with FAK de-phosphorylation, was faster in Gal-1-KO-VSMCs. Surface plasmon resonance assay demonstrated that CSGal-1 interacted with α5β1integrin and fibronectin in a glycan-dependent manner. Chemical crosslinking experiment and atomic force microscopy further revealed the involvement of extracellular Gal-1 in strengthening VSMC-fibronectin interaction. In vivo experiment showed that carotid ligation-induced neointimal hyperplasia was more severe in Gal-1-KO mice than WT counterparts. Collectively, these data disclose that Gal-1 restricts VSMC migration by modulating cell-matrix interaction and focal adhesion turnover, which limits neointimal formation post vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Shao Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsai Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Lin Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Yang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-San Hou
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Li
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chiao Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Huei Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Po Hsu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Young Chau
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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5
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Chou TY, Sun YS, Hou HS, Wu SY, Zhu Y, Cheng JY, Lo KY. Designing Microfluidic Devices for Studying Cellular Responses Under Single or Coexisting Chemical/Electrical/Shear Stress Stimuli. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27584698 DOI: 10.3791/54397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are capable of creating a precise and controllable cellular micro-environment of pH, temperature, salt concentration, and other physical or chemical stimuli. They have been commonly used for in vitro cell studies by providing in vivo like surroundings. Especially, how cells response to chemical gradients, electrical fields, and shear stresses has drawn many interests since these phenomena are important in understanding cellular properties and functions. These microfluidic chips can be made of glass substrates, silicon wafers, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymers, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrates, or polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) substrates. Out of these materials, PMMA substrates are cheap and can be easily processed using laser ablation and writing. Although a few microfluidic devices have been designed and fabricated for generating multiple, coexisting chemical and electrical stimuli, none of them was considered efficient enough in reducing experimental repeats, particular for screening purposes. In this report, we describe our design and fabrication of two PMMA-based microfluidic chips for investigating cellular responses, in the production of reactive oxygen species and the migration, under single or coexisting chemical/electrical/shear stress stimuli. The first chip generates five relative concentrations of 0, 1/8, 1/2, 7/8, and 1 in the culture regions, together with a shear stress gradient produced inside each of these areas. The second chip generates the same relative concentrations, but with five different electric field strengths created within each culture area. These devices not only provide cells with a precise, controllable micro-environment but also greatly increase the experimental throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yuan Chou
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University
| | | | - Hsien-San Hou
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica
| | - Shang-Ying Wu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University
| | - Ji-Yen Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica
| | - Kai-Yin Lo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University;
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Hou HS, Chang HF, Cheng JY. Electrotaxis Studies of Lung Cancer Cells using a Multichannel Dual-electric-field Microfluidic Chip. J Vis Exp 2015:e53340. [PMID: 26780080 DOI: 10.3791/53340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The behavior of directional cell migration under a direct current electric-field (dcEF) is referred to as electrotaxis. The significant role of physiological dcEF in guiding cell movement during embryo development, cell differentiation, and wound healing has been demonstrated in many studies. By applying microfluidic chips to an electrotaxis assay, the investigation process is shortened and experimental errors are minimized. In recent years, microfluidic devices made of polymeric substances (e.g., polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA, or acrylic) or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have been widely used in studying the responses of cells to electrical stimulation. However, unlike the numerous steps required to fabricate a PDMS device, the simple and rapid construction of the acrylic microfluidic chip makes it suitable for both device prototyping and production. Yet none of the reported devices facilitate the efficient study of the simultaneous chemical and dcEF effects on cells. In this report, we describe our design and fabrication of an acrylic-based multichannel dual-electric-field (MDF) chip to investigate the concurrent effect of chemical and electrical stimulation on lung cancer cells. The MDF chip provides eight combinations of electrical/chemical stimulations in a single test. The chip not only greatly shortens the required experimental time but also increases accuracy in electrotaxis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-San Hou
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica
| | | | - Ji-Yen Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica; Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University; Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University; Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University; Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University;
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Wu SY, Hou HS, Sun YS, Cheng JY, Lo KY. Correlation between cell migration and reactive oxygen species under electric field stimulation. Biomicrofluidics 2015; 9:054120. [PMID: 26487906 PMCID: PMC4600077 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential process involved in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Electric fields (EFs) are one of the many physical and chemical factors known to affect cell migration, a phenomenon termed electrotaxis or galvanotaxis. In this paper, a microfluidics chip was developed to study the migration of cells under different electrical and chemical stimuli. This chip is capable of providing four different strengths of EFs in combination with two different chemicals via one simple set of agar salt bridges and Ag/AgCl electrodes. NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were seeded inside this chip to study their migration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in response to different EF strengths and the presence of β-lapachone. We found that both the EF and β-lapachone level increased the cell migration rate and the production of ROS in an EF-strength-dependent manner. A strong linear correlation between the cell migration rate and the amount of intracellular ROS suggests that ROS are an intermediate product by which EF and β-lapachone enhance cell migration. Moreover, an anti-oxidant, α-tocopherol, was found to quench the production of ROS, resulting in a decrease in the migration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ying Wu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-San Hou
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shin Sun
- Department of Physics, Fu-Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Yen Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yin Lo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Mousavi MZ, Chen HY, Hou HS, Chang CYY, Roffler S, Wei PK, Cheng JY. Label-free detection of rare cell in human blood using gold nano slit surface plasmon resonance. Biosensors (Basel) 2015; 5:98-117. [PMID: 25806834 PMCID: PMC4384085 DOI: 10.3390/bios5010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Label-free detection of rare cells in biological samples is an important and highly demanded task for clinical applications and various fields of research, such as detection of circulating tumor cells for cancer therapy and stem cells studies. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) as a label-free method is a promising technology for detection of rare cells for diagnosis or research applications. Short detection depth of SPR (400 nm) provides a sensitive method with minimum interference of non-targets in the biological samples. In this work, we developed a novel microfluidic chip integrated with gold nanoslit SPR platform for highly efficient immunomagnetic capturing and detection of rare cells in human blood. Our method offers simple yet efficient detection of target cells with high purity. The approach for detection consists of two steps. Target cells are firs captured on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with specific antibody I. The suspension containing the captured cells (MNPs-cells) is then introduced into a microfluidic chip integrated with a gold nanoslit film. MNPs-cells bind with the second specific antibody immobilized on the surface of the gold nanoslit and are therefore captured on the sensor active area. The cell binding on the gold nanoslit was monitored by the wavelength shift of the SPR spectrum generated by the gold nanoslits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Z Mousavi
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Huai-Yi Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Hsien-San Hou
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | | | - Steve Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Ji-Yen Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Mechanical and Mechantronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Juan TY, Roffler SR, Hou HS, Huang SM, Chen KC, Leu YL, Prijovich ZM, Yu CP, Wu CC, Sun GH, Cha TL. Antiangiogenesis targeting tumor microenvironment synergizes glucuronide prodrug antitumor activity. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:4600-11. [PMID: 19584154 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study is aimed at investigating the in vivo antitumor activity of a novel cell-impermeable glucuronide prodrug, 9-aminocamptothecin glucuronide (9ACG), and elucidating the synergistically antitumor effects of antiangiogenesis therapy by targeting the tumor microenvironment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed the antitumor effects of 9ACG alone or combined with antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody DC101 on human tumor xenografts by measuring tumor growth and mouse survival in BALB/c nu/nu nude and NOD/SCID mice. The drug delivery, immune response, and angiogenesis status in treated tumors were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS We developed a nontoxic and cell-impermeable glucuronide prodrug, 9ACG, which can only be activated by extracellular beta-glucuronidase to become severely toxic. 9ACG possesses potent antitumor activity against human tumor xenografts in BALB/c nu/nu nude mice but not for tumors implanted in NOD/SCID mice deficient in macrophages and neutrophils, suggesting that these cells play an important role in activating 9ACG in the tumor microenvironment. Most importantly, antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody DC101 potentiated single-dose 9ACG antitumor activity and prolonged survival of mice bearing resistant human colon tumor xenografts by providing strong beta-glucuronidase activity and prodrug delivery through enhancing inflammatory cell infiltration and normalizing tumor vessels in the tumor microenvironment. We also show that inflammatory cells (neutrophils) were highly infiltrated in advanced human colon cancer tissues compared with normal counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides in vivo evidence that 9ACG has potential for prodrug monotherapy or in combination with antiangiognesis treatment for tumors with infiltration of macrophage or neutrophil inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yi Juan
- Divisions of Urology, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, National Yang-Ming University,Taipei,Taiwan
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Abstract
Ten monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared against the nonstructural protein sigmaNS of avian reovirus S1133. Eight of them were selected for two-way competitive binding assay after coupling with horseradish peroxidase. The results allowed the definition of three epitopes, designated A, B, and C. Blocking assay of poly(A)-Sepharose binding activity of sigmaNS with MAbs indicated that MAb recognizing epitope B was able to block poly(A) oligomer binding, suggesting that epitope B is involved in ssRNA binding of sigmaNS. An immuno-dot binding assay was used to analyze the effect of denaturation on antibody recognition of the epitopes. All MAbs bound to protein sigmaNS in its native form. After denaturation by boiling in SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol, the binding of MAbs recognizing epitopes B and C was not affected. The reactivity of MAbs recognizing epitope A was fully abolished by denaturation. These results suggest that the binding of MAbs directed against epitope A is conformation-dependent; however, the recognition by MAbs of epitopes B and C is not conformation-dependent. In addition, the results from the cross-reactivity of MAbs to heterologous avian reovirus strains suggest that the three epitopes are highly conserved among these virus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Hou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 403, Taiwan
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Abstract
This study was carried out in five full-term newborn babies and 11 patients with anorectal anomalies (five of whom had high deformity, five had intermediate, and one had low), using the modified Bielschowsky method. The following four kinds of sensory nerve ending were found: muscle spindle in the puborectalis and the external anal sphincter, Pacinian corpuscle in the plane between the internal anal sphincter and the external anal sphincter and in the presacral space, globular ending in the presacral space, and free nerve ending in the epithelium of the anal canal and in the perianal skin. It was found that there were significantly fewer muscle spindles in the puborectalis and many fewer Pacinian corpuscles and globular endings in the presacral space of high and intermediate deformities than normal. No spindle was found in the external sphincteric muscles of the deformities. On the other hand, the Pacinian corpuscles and the globular endings of high and intermediate deformities lagged behind normal in development. The densities of the nerve bundles in the subepidermis and the nerve fibers in the dermis of perineal region in high and intermediate deformities were much lower than normal, and the decrease in density corresponded to the levels of the rectal pouch. The observation showed that the agenesis of sensory nerve endings in the puborectalis and the anal region was one of the most significant pathological features in high and intermediate types of anorectal anomalies, and might be responsible for the abnormalities of the reflex of the anal sphincter and the anal sensation in such patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
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Sun XW, Liu ZT, Hou HS. [Human papillomavirus infection of the cervix uteri in married women]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1989; 69:294-6. [PMID: 2553221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
A method that can be easily programmed on a digital computer is presented for optimizing the design of dielectric multilayer filters. Certain rules have been formulated to allow one to construct the electric field transmittance explicitly for any thin film filter system. From the spectral distribution of transmittance functions, one can numerically choose the layer thickness to match the prescribed filter frequency spectrum, assuming that the refractive index of each layer is given. A synthesis procedure has been proposed in this paper for the filters that are composed of nondispersive and nonabsorptive stacks.
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