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Yeh CH, Lin PC, Tseng RY, Chao YP, Wu CT, Chou TL, Chen RS, Gau SSF, Ni HC, Lin HY. Lack of effects of eight-week left dorsolateral prefrontal theta burst stimulation on white matter macro/microstructure and connection in autism. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00874-x. [PMID: 38492129 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Whether brain stimulation could modulate brain structure in autism remains unknown. This study explored the impact of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on white matter macro/microstructure in intellectually able children and emerging adults with autism. Sixty autistic participants were randomized (30 active) and received active or sham cTBS for eight weeks twice per week, 16 total sessions using a double-blind (participant-, rater-, analyst-blinded) design. All participants received high-angular resolution diffusion MR imaging at baseline and week 8. Twenty-eight participants in the active group and twenty-seven in the sham group with good imaging quality entered the final analysis. With longitudinal fixel-based analysis and network-based statistics, we found no significant difference between the active and sham groups in changes of white matter macro/microstructure and connections following cTBS. In addition, we found no association between baseline white matter macro/microstructure and autistic symptom changes from baseline to week 8 in the active group. In conclusion, we did not find a significant impact of left DLPFC cTBS on white matter macro/microstructure and connections in children and emerging adults with autism. These findings need to be interpreted in the context that the current intellectually able cohort in a single university hospital site limits the generalizability. Future studies are required to investigate if higher stimulation intensities and/or doses, other personal factors, or rTMS parameters might confer significant brain structural changes visible on MRI in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hung Yeh
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No.5 Fusing St. Gueishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No.5 Fusing St. Gueishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Rung-Yu Tseng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chao
- Deparment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No.5 Fusing St. Gueishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Liu CH, Chen YL, Chen PJ, Ni HC, Lai MC. Exploring camouflaging by the Chinese version Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire in Taiwanese autistic and non-autistic adolescents: An initial development. Autism 2024; 28:690-704. [PMID: 37427427 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231181732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Camouflaging is a coping strategy used by some autistic and other neurodivergent people to fit in neurotypical social contexts. The self-reported Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire has been validated for use in research with adults in some Western societies, but not in non-Western cultural-ethnic groups. We translated Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire into traditional Chinese and examined the use of this measure in Taiwanese adolescents via both self-report and caregiver-report in 100 autistic and 105 non-autistic adolescents. Both self-reported and caregiver-reported Chinese version Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire were composed of two factors (i.e. a "compensation-masking" subscale and an "assimilation" subscale). Both adolescent self-reported and caregiver-reported Chinese version Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire total score and subscales were reliable in measurement, and they highly correlated with each other. Taiwanese autistic adolescents were more likely to camouflage than non-autistic adolescents, especially on assimilation. Female autistic adolescents showed higher assimilation than male autistic adolescents. Higher camouflaging, especially assimilation, was associated with higher stress in autistic and non-autistic adolescents alike. Both self-reported and caregiver-reported Chinese version Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire were reliable and offered meaningful information to help us understand the social coping experiences of autistic and non-autistic adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pei-Jung Chen
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taiwan
- King's College London, UK
| | | | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
- University of Toronto, Canada
- University of Cambridge, UK
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan
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Ni HC, Chen YL, Chao YP, Wu CT, Chen RS, Chou TL, Gau SSF, Lin HY. A lack of efficacy of continuous theta burst stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in autism: A double blind randomized sham-controlled trial. Autism Res 2023. [PMID: 37219040 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although previous open-label trials suggest the therapeutic potential of inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), methodological caveats exist. We conducted an 8-week randomized, double-blind sham-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of inhibitory continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS, a variant of rTMS) over the left DLPFC in individuals with ASD. Sixty children, adolescents and young adults (aged 8-30 years) with ASD without co-occurring intellectual disabilities were randomized to a 16-session 8-week cTBS versus sham stimulation course, with a follow-up 4 weeks after the trial. The Active group was not superior to the Sham group in any clinical or neuropsychological metrics at Week 8 or Week 12. Time effects of 8-week cTBS on symptoms and executive function were remarkable in both Active and Sham groups, with comparable response rates and effect sizes of changes in symptoms/cognition between groups. Our results from a sufficiently powered sample do not endorse the superior efficacy of cTBS over the left DLPFC to the shamed stimulation for children, adolescents and adults with ASD. These findings suggest that earlier positive open-label trial findings may be generalized by generalized/placebo effects. This highlights the urgent need for more rTMS/TBS studies with rigorous trial designs in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chao
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rao-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Liu TL, Chen YL, Hsiao RC, Ni HC, Liang SHY, Lin CF, Chan HL, Hsieh YH, Wang LJ, Lee MJ, Chou WJ, Yen CF. Adolescent-Caregiver Agreement Regarding the School Bullying and Cyberbullying Involvement Experiences of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3733. [PMID: 36834428 PMCID: PMC9961965 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
School bullying and cyberbullying victimization and perpetration are prevalent in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (AASD). However, the levels of adolescent-caregiver agreement regarding the bullying involvement of AASD and the factors associated with these levels remain to be evaluated. In the present study, we evaluated the levels of adolescent-caregiver agreement on the school bullying and cyberbullying involvement experiences of AASD and the factors associated with the levels of agreement. This study included 219 dyads of AASD and their caregivers. The school bullying and cyberbullying involvement experiences of the participating AASD were assessed using the School Bullying Experience Questionnaire and the Cyberbullying Experiences Questionnaire, respectively. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), depressive and anxiety symptoms, and autistic social impairment were also assessed. AASD and their caregivers had poor to fair levels of agreement regarding the school bullying and cyberbullying victimization and perpetration experiences of AASD. Severe inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, ODD, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and autistic social impairment were associated with high levels of adolescent-caregiver agreement. When assessing the bullying involvement experiences of AASD, mental health professionals should obtain information from multiple sources. In addition, the factors influencing the levels of agreement should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ling Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Ray C. Hsiao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
| | - Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Fan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jing Lee
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jiun Chou
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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Ni HC, Chao YP, Tseng RY, Wu CT, Cocchi L, Chou TL, Chen RS, Gau SSF, Yeh CH, Lin HY. Lack of effects of four-week theta burst stimulation on white matter macro/microstructure in children and adolescents with autism. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103324. [PMID: 36638598 PMCID: PMC9852693 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Following the published behavioral and cognitive results of this single-blind parallel sham-controlled randomized clinical trial, the current study aimed to explore the impact of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a variant of excitatory transcranial magnetic stimulation, over the bilateral posterior superior temporal sulci (pSTS) on white matter macro/microstructure in intellectually able children and adolescents with autism. Participants were randomized and blindly received active or sham iTBS for 4 weeks (the single-blind sham-controlled phase). Then, all participants continued to receive active iTBS for another 4 weeks (the open-label phase). The clinical results were published elsewhere. Here, we present diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data on potential changes in white matter measures after iTBS. Twenty-two participants in Active-Active group and 27 participants in Sham-Active group underwent multi-shell high angular resolution diffusion imaging (64-direction for b = 2000 & 1000 s/mm2, respectively) at baseline, week 4, and week 8. With longitudinal fixel-based analysis, we found no white matter changes following iTBS from baseline to week 4 (a null treatment by time interaction and a null within-group paired comparison in the Active-Active group), nor from baseline to week 8 (null within-group paired comparisons in both Active-Active and Sham-Active groups). As for the brain-symptoms relationship, we did not find baseline white matter metrics associated with symptom changes at week 4 in either group. Our results raise the question of what the minimal cumulative stimulation dose required to induce the white matter plasticity is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chao
- Deparment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rung-Yu Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Luca Cocchi
- Clinical Brain Networks Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Yeh CH, Tseng RY, Ni HC, Cocchi L, Chang JC, Hsu MY, Tu EN, Wu YY, Chou TL, Gau SSF, Lin HY. White matter microstructural and morphometric alterations in autism: implications for intellectual capabilities. Mol Autism 2022; 13:21. [PMID: 35585645 PMCID: PMC9118608 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroimage literature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a moderate-to-high risk of bias, partially because those combined with intellectual impairment (II) and/or minimally verbal (MV) status are generally ignored. We aimed to provide more comprehensive insights into white matter alterations of ASD, inclusive of individuals with II (ASD-II-Only) or MV expression (ASD-MV). Methods Sixty-five participants with ASD (ASD-Whole; 16.6 ± 5.9 years; comprising 34 intellectually able youth, ASD-IA, and 31 intellectually impaired youth, ASD-II, including 24 ASD-II-Only plus 7 ASD-MV) and 38 demographic-matched typically developing controls (TDC; 17.3 ± 5.6 years) were scanned in accelerated diffusion-weighted MRI. Fixel-based analysis was undertaken to investigate the categorical differences in fiber density (FD), fiber cross section (FC), and a combined index (FDC), and brain symptom/cognition associations. Results ASD-Whole had reduced FD in the anterior and posterior corpus callosum and left cerebellum Crus I, and smaller FDC in right cerebellum Crus II, compared to TDC. ASD-IA, relative to TDC, had no significant discrepancies, while ASD-II showed almost identical alterations to those from ASD-Whole vs. TDC. ASD-II-Only had greater FD/FDC in the isthmus splenium of callosum than ASD-MV. Autistic severity negatively correlated with FC in right Crus I. Nonverbal full-scale IQ positively correlated with FC/FDC in cerebellum VI. FD/FDC of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed a diagnosis-by-executive function interaction. Limitations We could not preclude the potential effects of age and sex from the ASD cohort, although statistical tests suggested that these factors were not influential. Our results could be confounded by variable psychiatric comorbidities and psychotropic medication uses in our ASD participants recruited from outpatient clinics, which is nevertheless closer to a real-world presentation of ASD. The outcomes related to ASD-MV were considered preliminaries due to the small sample size within this subgroup. Finally, our study design did not include intellectual impairment-only participants without ASD to disentangle the mixture of autistic and intellectual symptoms. Conclusions ASD-associated white matter alterations appear driven by individuals with II and potentially further by MV. Results suggest that changes in the corpus callosum and cerebellum are key for psychopathology and cognition associated with ASD. Our work highlights an essential to include understudied subpopulations on the spectrum in research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13229-022-00499-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hung Yeh
- Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, 333, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Rung-Yu Tseng
- Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, 333, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Luca Cocchi
- Clinical Brain Networks Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jung-Chi Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - En-Nien Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | | | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St W - 3314, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Liu TL, Wang PW, Hsiao RC, Ni HC, Liang SHY, Lin CF, Chan HL, Hsieh YH, Wang LJ, Lee MJ, Chou WJ, Yen CF. Multiple types of harassment victimization in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Related factors and effects on mental health problems. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:2161-2171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Gau SF, Hwang-Gu SL, Lin Y, Hsu CF, Ni HC. The link between mind-wandering and performance in a sustained attention to response test in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Taiwan J Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_16_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Hwang-Gu SL, Ni HC, Liang SHY, Lin HY, Tsao L, Lin CF, Gau SSF. Contextual Factors Impact the Variability in ADHD Symptoms in Preschoolers with Situational Hyperactivity. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1834-1846. [PMID: 32659134 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720938864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study examined preschoolers with teacher-reported or parent-reported situational hyperactivity, and whether they differed in terms of behavioral problems, attentional problems, and parenting perceptions. Method: We used the Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test and the Color Flanker Task to assess 99 preschoolers with pervasive high-ADHD-symptoms (42), school-situational high-ADHD-symptoms (30), or home-situational high-ADHD-symptoms (27), plus 111 preschoolers with pervasive low-ADHD-symptoms. Parents and teachers reported externalizing/internalizing behavioral problems. Parenting perceptions were measured with the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form and a parenting perceptions scale. Results: Preschoolers with school-situational high-ADHD-symptoms had deficits in attentional control. Parents of preschoolers with home-situational high-ADHD-symptoms had higher levels of parental stress and perceived their parenting to be harsher. Preschoolers with pervasive high-ADHD-symptoms had deficits in attentional control, increased parental stress, and parents with harsher parenting perceptions. Conclusion: Preschoolers with situational high-ADHD-symptoms may have different contextual risk factors related to ADHD symptoms reported by parents versus teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoou-Lian Hwang-Gu
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan
| | | | | | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Li Tsao
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
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Ni HC, Lin HY, Chen YL, Hung J, Wu CT, Wu YY, Liang HY, Chen RS, Shur-Fen Gau S, Huang YZ. 5-day Multi-Session Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation over Bilateral Posterior Superior Temporal Sulci in Adults with Autism-a Pilot Study. Biomed J 2021; 45:696-707. [PMID: 34358713 PMCID: PMC9486126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Theta burst stimulation (TBS), a patterned repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocol with shorter simulation duration and lower stimulus intensity, could be a better protocol for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our study aimed to explore the impacts of intermittent TBS (iTBS) over the bilateral posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) on intellectually able adults with ASD. Methods In this randomized, single-blinded, sham-controlled crossover trial, 13 adults with ASD completed iTBS for 5 consecutive days over the bilateral pSTS and inion (as a sham control) in a 16-weeks interval and in a randomly assigned order. The neuropsychological function was measured with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) for cognitive flexibility while the clinical outcomes were measured with both self-rate and parents-rate Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) before and after 5-day iTBS interventions. Results The results revealed significantly immediate effects of multi-session iTBS over the bilateral pSTS on parent-rate autistic symptoms in adults with ASD. The post-hoc analysis revealed the impacts of multi-session iTBS on cognitive flexibility were affected by baseline social-communicative impairment and baseline cognitive performance. Besides, the impacts of multi-session iTBS on clinical symptoms was affected by the concurrent psychotropic medication use and baseline autistic symptoms. Conclusions Given the caveat of the small sample size and discrepancy of multiple informants, this pilot study suggests the therapeutic potential of 5-day multi-session iTBS over the pSTS in adults with ASD. Individual factors modulating the response to rTMS should be explicitly considered in the future trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre & Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - June Hung
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan; Medical School, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Ni HC, Chen YL, Chao YP, Wu CT, Wu YY, Liang SHY, Chin WC, Chou TL, Gau SSF, Huang YZ, Lin HY. Intermittent theta burst stimulation over the posterior superior temporal sulcus for children with autism spectrum disorder: A 4-week randomized blinded controlled trial followed by another 4-week open-label intervention. Autism 2021; 25:1279-1294. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361321990534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The posterior superior temporal sulcus is a potential therapeutic target of brain stimulation for autism spectrum disorder. We conducted a 4-week randomized, single-blind parallel sham-controlled trial, followed by additional 4-week open-label intervention to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy regarding intermittent theta burst stimulation over the bilateral posterior superior temporal sulcus in autism spectrum disorder. In total, 78 intellectually able children and adolescents were randomized to the active ( n = 40) and sham groups ( n = 38). During the first 4 weeks, the active group received two-session/week intermittent theta burst stimulation, whereas the sham group received the same number of sham stimulation. After unblinding, both groups received eight-session real stimulation over the additional 4 weeks. In total, 91% participants completed the protocol with mild and transitory side-effects. There was no significant group-by-time interaction for active versus sham group on clinical symptoms and social cognitive performances in the first 4 weeks. The within-group analysis revealed 8 weeks (including a 4-week blind trial and a 4-week open-label intervention) of intermittent theta burst stimulation achieved greater efficacy than 4-week interventions. Participants with higher intelligence, better social cognitive performances, alongside less attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder severity at baseline, were more likely to be responders. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of long-term intermittent theta burst stimulation over the posterior superior temporal sulcus in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. However, the findings from the first 4-week blind trial do not support the therapeutic efficacy of intermittent theta burst stimulation over the posterior superior temporal sulcus on the clinical symptoms and cognitive performance of social impairment, given the current stimulation protocol. The exploratory analyses suggest that the therapeutic efficacy might be moderated by several individual characteristics and more intermittent theta burst stimulation sessions. Lay abstract Intermittent theta burst stimulation is a varied form of repetitive transcranial magnetic non-invasive brain stimulation technique used to treat several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Its feasibility and therapeutic effects on the bilateral posterior superior temporal sulcus in children with autism are unknown. We conducted a single-blind, sham-controlled parallel randomized clinical trial in a hitherto largest sample of intellectually able children with autism ( N = 78). Participants randomized to the active group received two-session/week intermittent theta burst stimulation for continuous 8 weeks. Those in the sham group received two-session/week sham stimulations in the first 4 weeks and then active intervention for the following 4 weeks after unblinding. First, we found that continuous 8-week intermittent theta burst stimulation on the bilateral posterior superior temporal sulcus in children with autism is safe and tolerable. Second, we found that 8-week intermittent theta burst stimulation produced greater therapeutic efficacy, although we did not find any significant effects of 4-week intermittent theta burst stimulation on core symptoms and social cognitive performances in autism. Further analysis revealed that participants with higher intelligence and better social cognitive performance, alongside less attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder severity at baseline, were more likely to be responders. This study identified that the factors contribute to responders and the results suggest that longer courses of non-invasive brain stimulation may be needed to produce therapeutic benefits in autism, with consideration of heterogeneous responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi-Ping Chao
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- National Taiwan University, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, Taiwan
- National Central University, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
- University of Toronto, Canada
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12
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Hwang-Gu SL, Chen YC, Liang SHY, Ni HC, Lin HY, Lin CF, Gau SSF. Exploring the Variability in Reaction Times of Preschoolers at Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: an ex-Gaussian Analysis. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2020; 47:1315-1326. [PMID: 30706251 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-00508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Reaction times (RTs) are typically slower and more variable in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Analysis of the ex-Gaussian RT distribution, which is described by mu, sigma (mean and standard deviation, respectively, of the normal distribution) and tau (that of exponential distribution), reveals that individuals with ADHD do not display overall slower RTs but have a high proportion of extremely slow RTs, represented by a high tau value. Although this is a vital component for describing ADHD-related RT variability in school-aged children, adolescents, and adults, it has not been thoroughly studied at the preschool age. We assessed 65 preschoolers at risk of ADHD and 98 typically developing preschoolers with the Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) and parental and teacher reports of ADHD symptoms. We found that preschoolers at risk of ADHD had greater values for RT standard deviation, sigma, and tau than typically developing preschoolers at long inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) (3 s), but not at short ISIs (1.5 s). This suggests that attention problems in preschool children may only be apparent in the tasks with a relatively slow event rate. Our study demonstrates that the ex-Gaussian tau value is essential for describing the inattentive component of task performance in preschoolers with heightened ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, the fact that the tau effect was modulated by ISI suggests that the longer duration (3 s vs. 1.5 s) is a non-optimal energetic state in preschoolers at risk of ADHD, and that this might account for the subtle attentional flaw in task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoou-Lian Hwang-Gu
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Fan Lin
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
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13
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Lin HY, Ni HC, Tseng WYI, Gau SSF. Characterizing intrinsic functional connectivity in relation to impaired self-regulation in intellectually able male youth with autism spectrum disorder. Autism 2020; 24:1201-1216. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361319888104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While a considerable number of youth with autism spectrum disorder exhibit impaired self-regulation (dysregulation), little is known about the neural correlates of dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder. In a sample of intellectually able boys with autism spectrum disorder (further categorized as those with and without dysregulation) and typically developing boys (aged 7–17 years), we conducted a multivariate connectome-wide association study to examine the intrinsic functional connectivity with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dysregulation was defined by the sum of Attention, Aggression, and Anxiety/Depression subscales on the Child Behavior Checklist. We identified that both categorical and dimensional neural correlates of dysregulation in youth with autism spectrum disorder involved atypical connectivity among the components of multiple brain networks, especially between those subserving sensorimotor processing and salience encoding, beyond higher-level cognitive control circuitries. Interaction within the attention network might serve as autism spectrum disorder–specific neural correlates underpinning dysregulation. Our results highlight that the inter-individual variability in dysregulation might contribute to the inconsistency in the neuroimaging literature of autism spectrum disorder. Collectively, the present findings provide evidence to suggest that dysregulation might be considered as both categorical and dimensional moderators to parse heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder.Lay AbstractImpaired self-regulation (i.e., dysregulation in affective, behavioral, and cognitive control), is commonly present in young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, little is known about what is happening in people’s brains when self-regulation is impaired in young people with ASD. We used a technique called functional MRI (which measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow) at a resting state (when participants are not asked to do anything) to research this in intellectually able young people with ASD. We found that brains with more connections, especially between regions involved in sensorimotor processing and regions involved in the processes that enable peoples to focus their attention on the most pertinent features from the sensory environment (salience processing), were related to more impaired self-regulation in young people with and without ASD. We also found that impaired self-regulation was related to increased communication within the brain system involved in voluntary orienting attention to a sensory cue (the dorsal attention network) in young people with ASD. These results highlight how different people have different degrees of dysregulation, which has been largely overlooked in the earlier brain imaging reports on ASD. This might contribute to understanding some of the inconsistencies in the existing published literature on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- National Taiwan University Hospital
- National Taiwan University
| | - Hsing-Chang Ni
- National Taiwan University
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou
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14
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Hu HF, Liu TL, Hsiao RC, Ni HC, Liang SHY, Lin CF, Chan HL, Hsieh YH, Wang LJ, Lee MJ, Chou WJ, Yen CF. Cyberbullying Victimization and Perpetration in Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: Correlations with Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:4170-4180. [PMID: 31267285 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the associations between cyberbullying involvement and sociodemographic characteristics, autistic social impairment and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms in 219 adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Moreover, the associations between cyberbullying involvement and depression, anxiety, and suicidality were also examined. Adolescents self-reported higher rates of being a victim or perpetrator of cyberbullying than were reported by their parents. Increased age and had more severe ODD symptoms were significantly associated with being victims or perpetrators of cyberbullying. Being a victim but not a perpetrator of cyberbullying was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and suicidality. Cyberbullying victimization and perpetration should be routinely surveyed in adolescents with high-functioning ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Fan Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ray C Hsiao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hsing-Chang Ni
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Fan Lin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Chan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsieh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jing Lee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jiun Chou
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
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15
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Chou WJ, Hsiao RC, Ni HC, Liang SHY, Lin CF, Chan HL, Hsieh YH, Wang LJ, Lee MJ, Hu HF, Yen CF. Self-Reported and Parent-Reported School Bullying in Adolescents with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Roles of Autistic Social Impairment, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16071117. [PMID: 30925769 PMCID: PMC6479357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of self-reported and parent-reported bullying victimization, perpetration, and victimization-perpetration and the associations of autistic social impairment and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms with bullying involvement in adolescents with high functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A total of 219 adolescents with high functioning ASD participated in this study. The associations of sociodemographic characteristics, parent-reported autistic social impairment, and parent-reported ADHD and ODD symptoms with self-reported and parent-reported bullying victimization, perpetration, and victimization-perpetration were examined using logistic regression analysis. The results found that the agreement between self-reported and parent-reported bullying involvement was low. Compared with bullying involvement experiences reported by adolescents themselves, parents reported higher rates of pure bullying victimization (23.7% vs. 17.8%) and victimization-perpetration (28.8% vs. 9.1%) but a lower rate of pure bullying perpetration (5.9% vs. 9.1%). Deficit in socio-communication increases the risk of being pure victims and victim-perpetrators. Parent-reported victim-perpetrators had more severe ODD symptoms than did parent-reported pure victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jiun Chou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Ray C Hsiao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105-0371, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98105-0371, USA.
| | - Hsing-Chang Ni
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan city 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan city 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Fan Lin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan city 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Lin Chan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan city 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsieh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan city 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Jing Lee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Huei-Fan Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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16
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Chen YC, Hwang-Gu SL, Ni HC, Liang SHY, Lin HY, Lin CF, Tseng YH, Gau SSF. Relationship between parenting stress and informant discrepancies on symptoms of ADHD/ODD and internalizing behaviors in preschool children. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183467. [PMID: 29016602 PMCID: PMC5634535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parent and teacher ratings of child behaviors are often discrepant, and these discrepancies may be correlated with parenting stress. The present study explored whether various parenting stress factors are associated with discrepancies between parent and teacher ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) as well as internalizing symptoms in preschool children. We recruited 299 Taiwanese preschool children (aged 4-6 years) from the community or via clinical referrals. A structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships among three factors derived from the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form and informant discrepancies on symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, ODD, and internalizing behaviors. Scores reported by parents were higher for each of the symptoms examined than those reported by teachers, and the degree of agreement between informants ranged from low to moderate. The parental distress factor of parenting stress was associated only with parent ratings, whereas other factors of parenting stress-parent-child dysfunctional interaction and parents' stress resulted from their child's temperament-were correlated with both parent and teacher ratings. Only parental distress factor predicted informant discrepancies for all behavioral symptoms assessed. Our findings suggest that parental distress should be considered when parent rating scores show significant discrepancies from that of teacher rating scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shoou-Lian Hwang-Gu
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Fan Lin
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Tseng
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Ni HC, Hung J, Wu CT, Wu YY, Chang CJ, Chen RS, Huang YZ. The Impact of Single Session Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus on Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:255. [PMID: 28536500 PMCID: PMC5423353 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a patterned repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, was applied over the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to explore its impact in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Among 25 adults with ASD, 19 (mean age: 20.8 years) completed the randomized, sham-controlled, crossover trial. Every participant received iTBS over the bilateral DLPFC, bilateral pSTS and inion (as a sham control stimulation) in a randomized order with a 1-week interval. Neuropsychological functions were assessed using the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CCPT) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Behavioral outcomes were measured using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). In comparison to that in the sham stimulation, the reaction time in the CCPT significantly decreased following single DLPFC session (p = 0.04, effect size = 0.71) while there were no significant differences in the CCPT and WCST following single pSTS session. Besides, the results in behavioral outcomes were inconsistent and had discrepancy between reports of parents and patients. In conclusion, a single session of iTBS over the bilateral DLPFC may alter the neuropsychological function in adults with ASD. The impacts of multiple-sessions iTBS over the DLPFC or pSTS deserve further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouLinkou, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei, Taiwan
| | - June Hung
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouLinkou, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Jen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Services Center for Health Information, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaipei, Taiwan.,Medical School, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To directly compare the efficacy of methylphenidate and atomoxetine in improving symptoms, social functions, and quality of life among adults with ADHD. METHOD This was an 8-to-10-week, open-label, head-to-head, randomized clinical trial with two treatment arms: immediate-release methylphenidate (IR-methylphenidate; n = 31) and atomoxetine once daily ( n = 32). The outcome measures included ADHD symptom severity, quality of life, and functional impairments. RESULTS We found a significant reduction in overall ADHD symptoms and improvement in social functions and quality of life for both groups at Weeks 4 to 5 and Weeks 8 to 10. There was no significant difference in the slope of improvements over time except that atomoxetine was superior to IR-methylphenidate in reducing hyperactive/impulsive symptoms at Weeks 4 to 5. There was no significant group difference in the rates of adverse effects. CONCLUSION Both IR-methylphenidate and atomoxetine are well tolerated and efficacious in ethnic Chinese adults with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chang Ni
- 1 National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- 2 National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- 3 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- 1 National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- 2 National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- 4 Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- 1 National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- 2 National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Huang
- 5 National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kuang Yang
- 1 National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- 2 National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- 6 Beitou Armed Forces Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Ni HC, Hwang Gu SL, Lin HY, Lin YJ, Yang LK, Huang HC, Gau SSF. Atomoxetine could improve intra-individual variability in drug-naïve adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comparably with methylphenidate: A head-to-head randomized clinical trial. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:459-67. [PMID: 26905919 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116632377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intra-individual variability in reaction time (IIV-RT) is common in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It can be improved by stimulants. However, the effects of atomoxetine on IIV-RT are inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the effects of atomoxetine on IIV-RT, and directly compared its efficacy with methylphenidate in adults with ADHD. METHODS An 8-10 week, open-label, head-to-head, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 52 drug-naïve adults with ADHD, who were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: immediate-release methylphenidate (n=26) thrice daily (10-20 mg per dose) and atomoxetine once daily (n=26) (0.5-1.2 mg/kg/day). IIV-RT, derived from the Conners' continuous performance test (CCPT), was represented by the Gaussian (reaction time standard error, RTSE) and ex-Gaussian models (sigma and tau). Other neuropsychological functions, including response errors and mean of reaction time, were also measured. Participants received CCPT assessments at baseline and week 8-10 (60.4±6.3 days). RESULTS We found comparable improvements in performances of CCPT between the immediate-release methylphenidate- and atomoxetine-treated groups. Both medications significantly improved IIV-RT in terms of reducing tau values with comparable efficacy. In addition, both medications significantly improved inhibitory control by reducing commission errors. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence to support that atomoxetine could improve IIV-RT and inhibitory control, of comparable efficacy with immediate-release methylphenidate, in drug-naïve adults with ADHD. Shared and unique mechanisms underpinning these medication effects on IIV-RT awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Shoou-Lian Hwang Gu
- Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Huang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Taoyaun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin HY, Ni HC, Lai MC, Tseng WYI, Gau SSF. Regional brain volume differences between males with and without autism spectrum disorder are highly age-dependent. Mol Autism 2015; 6:29. [PMID: 26045942 PMCID: PMC4455336 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-015-0022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroanatomical differences between individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were inconsistent in the literature. Such heterogeneity may substantially originate from age-differential effects. METHODS Voxel-based morphometry was applied in 86 males with ASD and 90 typically developing control (TDC) males (aged 7 to 29 years). Three steps of statistical modeling (model 1, multiple regression with age as a covariate; model 2, multiple regression further considering diagnosis-by-age interaction; model 3, age-stratified analyses) were performed to dissect the moderating effects of age on diagnostic group differences in neuroanatomy. RESULTS Across ages, males with and without ASD did not differ significantly in total gray matter (GM) or white matter (WM) volumes. For both groups, total GM volumes decreased and WM volumes increased with age. For regional volume, comparing with the model only held the age constant (model 1), the main effect of group altered when diagnosis-by-age interaction effects were considered (model 2). Here, participants with ASD had significantly greater relative regional GM volumes than TDC in the right inferior orbitofrontal cortex and bilateral thalamus; for WM, participants with ASD were larger than TDC in the bilateral splenium of corpus callosum and right anterior corona radiata. Importantly, significant diagnosis-by-age interactions were identified at the bilateral anterior prefrontal cortex, bilateral cuneus, bilateral caudate, and the left cerebellum Crus I for GM and left forceps minor for WM. Finally, age-stratified analyses (model 3) showed distinct patterns in GM and WM volumetric alterations in ASD among subsamples of children, adolescents, and adults. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the heterogeneous reports on the atypical neuroanatomy of ASD may substantially originate from age variation in the study samples. Age variation and its methodological and biological implications have to be carefully delineated in future studies of the neurobiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chang Ni
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road Section 1, Taipei, 10051 Taiwan.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No. 5 Fu-Hsing St., Taoyuan, 33305 Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan.,Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18b Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH UK.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road Section 1, Taipei, 10051 Taiwan.,Center for Optoelectronic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road Section 1, Taipei, 10051 Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road Section 1, Taipei, 10051 Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road Section 1, Taipei, 10051 Taiwan
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Chan LW, Luo XP, Ni HC, Shi HM, Liu L, Wen ZC, Gu XY, Qiao J, Li J. High levels of LDL-C combined with low levels of HDL-C further increase platelet activation in hypercholesterolemic patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 48:167-73. [PMID: 25466164 PMCID: PMC4321223 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
High levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) enhance platelet
activation, whereas high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) exert
a cardioprotective effect. However, the effects on platelet activation of high levels
of LDL-C combined with low levels of HDL-C (HLC) have not yet been reported. We aimed
to evaluate the platelet activation marker of HLC patients and investigate the
antiplatelet effect of atorvastatin on this population. Forty-eight patients with
high levels of LDL-C were enrolled. Among these, 23 had HLC and the other 25 had high
levels of LDL-C combined with normal levels of HDL-C (HNC). A total of 35
normocholesterolemic (NOMC) volunteers were included as controls. Whole blood flow
cytometry and platelet aggregation measurements were performed on all participants to
detect the following platelet activation markers: CD62p (P-selectin), PAC-1
(GPIIb/IIIa), and maximal platelet aggregation (MPAG). A daily dose of 20 mg
atorvastatin was administered to patients with high levels of LDL-C, and the above
assessments were obtained at baseline and after 1 and 2 months of treatment. The
expression of platelets CD62p and PAC-1 was increased in HNC patients compared to
NOMC volunteers (P<0.01 and P<0.05). Furthermore, the surface expression of
platelets CD62p and PAC-1 was greater among HLC patients than among HNC patients
(P<0.01 and P<0.05). Although the expression of CD62p and PAC-1 decreased
significantly after atorvastatin treatment, it remained higher in the HLC group than
in the HNC group (P<0.05 and P=0.116). The reduction of HDL-C further increased
platelet activation in patients with high levels of LDL-C. Platelet activation
remained higher among HLC patients regardless of atorvastatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chan
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X P Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H C Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H M Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z C Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Y Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hwang TJ, Ni HC, Chen HC, Lin YT, Liao SC. Risk predictors for hypnosedative-related complex sleep behaviors: a retrospective, cross-sectional pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry 2010; 71:1331-5. [PMID: 20441722 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.09m05083bro] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the risk predictors for complex sleep-related behaviors (CSBs) in subjects with a DSM-IV-diagnosed depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, adjustment disorder, somatoform disorder, or sleep disorder taking hypnosedative drugs. METHOD One hundred twenty-five subjects using hypnosedatives were enrolled from the psychiatric outpatient clinics of a medical center in Taiwan from May 2006 to July 2006. All subjects completed a questionnaire that included demographic data, current and childhood sleep habits, and CSBs after taking hypnosedatives. Complex sleep-related behaviors were defined as somnambulism with object manipulation, sleep-related eating, and other amnestic sleep-related behaviors. Demographic and clinical variables were compared in those with CSBs and those without. Then multiple logistic regression analyses were performed in order to identify significant risk predictors for CSBs. RESULTS Of the 125 subjects, 19 (15.2%) reported CSBs, all of whom took zolpidem. Among a total of 67 subjects taking zolpidem, those with CSBs were significantly more likely to be younger (P = .023), to be female (P = .011), to take a higher dose of zolpidem (> 10 mg/d; P < .001), and to not go to sleep immediately after taking zolpidem (P = .047). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that a higher dose of zolpidem (> 10 mg/d) was the only significant predictor of CSBs (OR = 13.1; 95% CI, 2.6-65.9; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study suggests that a higher dosage of zolpidem (> 10 mg/d) is the key risk predictor for CSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Gau SSF, Ni HC, Shang CY, Soong WT, Wu YY, Lin LY, Chiu YN. Psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents with and without persistent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2010; 44:135-43. [PMID: 20113302 DOI: 10.3109/00048670903282733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the present study were to examine the current psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents with and without persistent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as compared to school controls, and to determine the factors predicting psychiatric comorbidity. METHOD The sample included 296 patients (male, 85.5%), aged 11-17, who were diagnosed with DSM-IV ADHD at the mean age of 6.7 +/- 2.7 years and 185 school controls. The ADHD and other psychiatric diagnoses were made based on clinical assessments and confirmed by psychiatric interviews. The ADHD group was categorized into 186 patients (62.8%) with persistent ADHD and 110 (37.2%) without persistent ADHD. RESULTS Compared to the controls, the two ADHD groups were more likely to have oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), tics, mood disorders, past and regular use of substances, substance use disorders and sleep disorders (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.8-25.3). Patients with persistent ADHD had higher risks for anxiety disorders, particularly specific phobia than the controls. Moreover, patients with persistent ADHD were more likely to have ODD than their partially remitted counterparts. Advanced analyses indicated that more severe baseline ADHD symptoms predicted ODD/CD at adolescence; longer methylphenidate treatment duration was associated with an increased risk for tics and ODD/CD at adolescence; and older age predicted higher risks for mood disorders and substance use disorders. CONCLUSION Reduced ADHD symptoms at adolescence may not lead to decreased risks for psychiatric comorbidity, and identification of severe ADHD symptoms at childhood and age-specific comorbid patterns throughout the developmental stage is important to offset the long-term adverse psychiatric outcomes of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ni HC, Liu HM, Tseng MM. Electroconvulsive therapy of a depressed patient with septo-optic dysplasia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2008; 20:242-3. [PMID: 18451203 DOI: 10.1176/jnp.2008.20.2.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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