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Chen HY, Yang CY, Hsieh TH, Peng CW, Chuang LL, Chang YL, Chi HJ, Lee HM, Liang SHY. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on improving performance of delayed- reinforcement attentional set-shifting tasks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder rat model. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114145. [PMID: 36206819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral flexibility (or set-shifting), which is regulated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC), is often impaired in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is characterized by poor inhibitory control and reinforcement learning. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed as a means of noninvasive brain stimulation and a potential therapeutic tool for modulating behavioral flexibility. Animal studies can pave the way to know if tDCS application can potentially benefit rule- and goal-based activities in ADHD. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and inbred Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as an animal model of ADHD and controls, respectively, and their strategy set-shifting abilities, including initial discrimination, set-shifting, and reversal learning tasks under 0-s or 15-s reinforcer delivery delay conditions, were evaluated. The tDCS treatment had a limited effect on the performance of the SHRs and WKY rats in initial discrimination task under 0-s delay condition. Under the 15-s delay condition, the SHRs had longer lever-press reaction times and/or more trial omissions than the WKY rats did when completing set-shifting and reversal-learning tasks. Among the SHRs, tDCS treatment improved the rats' reaction times and/or reduced their trial omissions in the set-shifting and reversal-learning tasks. Although tDCS may improve delayed reinforcement learning set-shifting performance in SHRs, further studies are required to clarify the responsible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yung Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy & Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming-Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Chuang
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ling Chang
- School and Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ju Chi
- Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang
- Section of Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Chen HY, Meng LF, Yu Y, Chen CC, Hung LY, Lin SC, Chi HJ. Developmental Traits of Impulse Control Behavior in School Children under Controlled Attention, Motor Function, and Perception. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8100922. [PMID: 34682188 PMCID: PMC8534984 DOI: 10.3390/children8100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research surveyed the characteristics of the developmental traits of impulse control behavior in children through parent-report questionnaires. After matching for gender and attention behavior, as well as controlling for variables (motor and perception) which might confound impulse control, 710 participants (355 girls and 355 boys; grade, 1–5; age, 7–12 years) were recruited from a database of 1763 children. Results demonstrated that there was a significant difference between grade 1 and grade 5 in impulse control. Conversely, no significant differences were found when comparing other grades. The present findings indicate that a striking development of impulse control occurs from grade 4 to 5. Moreover, the plateau of impulse control development from grade 1 to 4 implies that a long transition period is needed to prepare children to develop future impulse control. In conclusion, the age-dependent maturation associated with stage-wise development is a critical characteristic of impulse control development in school age children. Further discussions are made regarding this characteristic, such as from the perspective of frontal lobe development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yung Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy & Graduate Institute of Clinical Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33378, Taiwan;
| | - Ling-Fu Meng
- Department of Occupational Therapy & Graduate Institute of Clinical Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan;
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City 613016, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Yawen Yu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1573, USA;
| | - Chen-Chi Chen
- Health Center, Taipei Fushing Private School, Taipei City 106343, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Yu Hung
- Department of Special Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 106308, Taiwan;
- College of Teacher Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 106308, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Lin
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City 613016, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Ju Chi
- Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33378, Taiwan;
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Liu XY, Meng LK, Yuan W, Zheng ML, Chi HJ, Yang XC, Li J, Zhong JC. P6013Evidence for ANTXR2 as a therapeutic target on systemic-to-pulmonary shunt induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to congenital heart disease (CHD-PAH) with systemic-to-pulmonary shunt is characterized by proliferative vascular remodeling. Excessive proliferation and resistance to apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are the primary cellular bases of vascular remodeling. Anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2) exhibits anti-proliferative properties. The effects of ANTXR2 on vascular remodeling and systemic-to-pulmonary shunt induced PAH remain unexplored.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the possible roles of ANTXR2 in the pathogenesis of systemic-to-pulmonary shunt induced PAH and explore its possible mechanisms.
Methods
Lung tissue sections from CHD-PAH patients, systemic-to-pulmonary shunt induced PAH rat model, ANTXR2−/− rats, and PASMCs were used. Immunohistochemistry, real time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, proliferation, apoptosis, and next generation sequencing (NGS) were performed in this study.
Results
ANTXR2 expression was reduced in severe CHD-PAH patient lung tissue and pulmonary arterioles, as well as in lung tissues from rats with systemic-to-pulmonary shunt induced PAH. Over-expression of ANTXR2 in cultured PASMCs inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, while knockdown of ANTXR2 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Male ANTXR2−/− rats showed more severe percent medial thickness and muscularization of pulmonary arterioles than wild type (WT) rats in basal conditions, and exhibited heavier PAH following exposure to systemic-to-pulmonary shunt. To further determine the underling mechanism, NGS was performed in ANTXR2−/− rat lungs and that of WT littermates. A total of 1319 genes were found to be dysregulated, and biological processes influenced by these differentially expressed genes include negative regulation of blood vessel diameter,vasoconstriction, regulation of blood vessel diameter, regulation of blood vessel size, vascular process in circulatory system, etc.
Conclusion
Our work identifies a novel role for ANTXR2 in systemic-to-pulmonary shunt induced PAH based on the findings that ANTXR2 deficiency could exacerbate systemic-to- pulmonary shunt induced vascular remodeling in the development of PAH. ANTXR2 may be a potential target for CHD-PAH treatment.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7172078 and 7172182), the National Major Research Plan Training Program of China (91849111)
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Liu
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - L K Meng
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - W Yuan
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - M L Zheng
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing, China
| | - H J Chi
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing, China
| | - X C Yang
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing, China
| | - J Li
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing, China
| | - J C Zhong
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing, China
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Chen HY, Yang H, Chi HJ, Chen HM. Parasympathetic effect of deep pressure input on third molar extraction in adolescents. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:1317-1324. [PMID: 31204146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD/PURPOSE Deep pressure input is used to normalize physiological arousal due to stress. Third molar extraction is an invasive dental procedure with high stress for the patient, and an alleviation strategy is rarely applied during tooth extraction. In the present study, we investigated the effects of deep pressure input on autonomic responses during the procedures of third molar extraction in healthy adolescents. METHODS A randomized controlled crossover design was used for adolescents who were allocated to experimental and control groups that received intervention with or without deep pressure input, respectively. Autonomic indicators, namely the heart rate, percentage of low-frequency heart rate variability (LF-HRV), percentage of high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), and low-frequency/high-frequency heart rate variability ratio (LF/HF-HRV), were assessed at the baseline, during molar extraction, and in the posttreatment phase. RESULTS The results indicated that third molar extraction caused significant autonomic parameter changes in both groups; however, differential response patterns were observed between two groups. In particular, application of deep pressure input in the experimental group was associated with higher HF-HRV and lower LF/HF-HRV during third molar extraction compared with those in the control group. CONCLUSION LF/HF-HRV measurement revealed balanced sympathovagal activation in response to deep pressure application. The present study suggests that the application of deep pressure alters the response of HF-HRV and facilitate maintaining sympathovagal balance during third molar extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yung Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy & Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang Yang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ju Chi
- Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen HY, Yang H, Chi HJ, Chen HM. Physiologic and behavioral effects of papoose board on anxiety in dental patients with special needs. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 113:94-101. [PMID: 24530242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Anxiety induced by dental treatment can become a serious problem, especially for patients with special needs. Application of deep touch pressure, which is a sensory adaptation technique, may ameliorate anxiety in disabled patients. However, few empiric studies have investigated the possible links between the clinical effects of deep touch pressure and its behavioral and physiologic aspects. Equally little progress has been made concerning theoretical development. The current study is a crossover intervention trial to investigate the behavioral and physiological effects of deep touch pressure for participants receiving dental treatment. METHODS Nineteen disabled participants, who were retrospectively subclassified for positive trend or negative trend, were recruited to receive the papoose board as an application of deep touch pressure. Quantitative analyses of behavioral assessments and physiological measurements, including electrodermal activity and heart rate variability, were conducted. We sought to understand the modulation of the autonomic nervous system and the orchestration of sympathetic and parasympathetic (PsNS) nervous systems. RESULTS Behavioral assessments reported that higher levels of anxiety were induced by the dental treatment for participants with both groups of positive and negative trends. Although no significant differences were found in the SNS activity, physiologic responses indicated that significantly changes of PsNS activity were observed under the stress condition (dental treatment) when deep touch pressure intervention was applied, especially for participants in the group of positive trend. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the PsNS activation plays a critical role in the process of ANS modulation. This study provides not only physiologic evidence for the modulation effects of deep touch pressure on stressful conditions in dental environments but also the evidence that the application of papoose board, as a sensory adaptation technique, is not harmful for dental patients with special needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yung Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy & Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical College Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang Yang
- Oral Health Care for Special Needs, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ju Chi
- Department of Occupational Therapy & Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical College Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Chen
- Oral Health Care for Special Needs, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chi HJ, Kim DH, Koo JJ, Chang SS. The suitability and efficiency of human follicular fluid as a protein supplement in human in vitro fertilization programs. Fertil Steril 1998; 70:871-7. [PMID: 9806569 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the suitability and efficiency of human follicular fluid (HFF) as a protein supplement in human IVF programs. DESIGN Comparative study of the effects of HFF and other protein supplements on the in vitro development of mouse oocytes and on the pregnancy rate in human IVF programs. SETTING In Vitro Fertilization Center, Hanna Women's Clinic, Seoul, Korea. PATIENT(S) Three hundred twenty-seven patients (388 cycles) who were down-regulated with GnRH agonist and stimulated with hMG. INTERVENTION(S) The suitability was evaluated with the results of animal studies and the efficiency of HFF was investigated with the results of human IVF programs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes, development of mouse embryos, morphological grades of human embryos, pregnancy rate in human IVF programs, and electrophoresis. RESULT(S) Human follicular fluid significantly stimulated meiotic resumption in mouse oocytes, even in the presence of meiotic inhibitors, and enhanced the developmental potential of mouse embryos in vitro. Compared with human fetal cord serum, human follicular fluid also improved the morphological grade of human embryos by reducing cytoplasmic fragmentation. In conventional IVF cycles of human IVF programs, use of HFF significantly increased the clinical PR (109/234 cycles, 46.5%; P < .05), compared with use of human fetal cord serum (14/52 cycles, 26.9%). However, in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, there was no difference in PRs between use of HFF (38/85 cycles, 44.7%) and use of human fetal cord serum (7/17 cycles, 41.1%). When the protein compositions of human fetal cord serum and HFF were investigated by electrophoresis, a protein of 21 kD was detected specifically in HFF. CONCLUSION(S) Human follicular fluid is suitable for use as a protein supplement and is effective in increasing the pregnancy rate in human IVF programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Chi
- In Vitro Fertilization Center, Hanna Women's Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
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Cha KY, Do BR, Chi HJ, Yoon TK, Choi DH, Koo JJ, Ko JJ. Viability of Human Follicular Oocytes
Collected from Unstimulated Ovaries
and Matured and Fertilized in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 1992. [DOI: 10.1071/rd9920695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature human follicular oocytes were collected from unstimulated ovaries, matured and fertilized
in vitro and then transferred to patients with no ovarian dysfunction such as premature ovarian failure.
From 11 1 consenting donors, 422 immature oocytes were collected from 97 ovaries between January
1990 and October 1991. The number of oocytes collected from ovaries and their development were
recorded so that comparisons could be made among donors of different ages and ovarian condition,
such as menstrual cycle, cyclic and non-cyclic ovaries. The rate of fertilization in vitro showed a peak
in the 31-40-year age group; however, there was no statistical difference in the rate of oocyte maturation
and cleavage among the donors in the different age groups. Immature oocytes of the luted phase had
a significantly higher maturation rate than those of the follicular phase. There was no significant
difference in the number of recovered oocytes, or in the development of immature follicular oocytes,
between cyclic and non-cyclic ovaries. Mature follicular fluid and peritoneal fluid had a significant
effect on the development of immature follicular oocytes. Also, it was found that fertilized eggs
cleaved more frequently in the medium containing hypoxanthine compared with the medium without
hypoxanthine. Finally, from 21 transfer cycles, viable embryos were derived from immature follicular
oocytes, resulting in two pregnancies, both leading to the birth of normal babies. These findings
suggest that culture in vitro of immature follicular oocytes, from unstimulated ovaries, to a suitable
condition, could be used optimally for clinical applications such as human ovum donation
programmes.
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Abstract
A new acylated monoterpene glucoside, galloylpaeoniflorin, was isolated from Paeony root. The structure was determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Kang
- Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea
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Abstract
The pattern of prolactin (Prl) secretion was studied in several different situations. In normal and castrated male rats, the plasma Prl level gently fluctuated along the course of time. When the presumed hypothalamic Prl inhibitory factor was suppressed by treatment with a pharmacological agent, pimozide (Pim), the plasma Prl concentration was elevated and the elevated plasma level fluctuated in an irregular and pulsatile manner. Another situation was examined. First, baseline Prl concentration was elevated by implantation of estradiol, which also caused a moderate fluctuation of the circulating Prl level. The Prl level was then lowered from the elevated plateau level by administration of a dopaminergic receptor agonist, ergocristine. During this partial blockade, the plasma Prl level fluctuated in episodic bursts. It is suggested that the inherent, unsuppressed secretion of Prl is pulsatile in nature, but that this pulsatile pattern is normally suppressed under the inhibiting influence of the hypothalamus.
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Chi HJ, Shin SH. The effect of exposure to ether on prolactin secretion and the half-life of endogenous prolactin in normal and castrated male rats. Neuroendocrinology 1978; 26:193-201. [PMID: 683470 DOI: 10.1159/000122826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Normal and castrated male rats implanted with permanent right atrial cannulae were used, and sequential blood samples were taken every 2 min through the cannula. When the rats, both normal and castrated, were exposed to ether for 2 min, the prolactin (Prl) concentration in plasma was immediately and dramatically elevated. During 40 min of continuous ether anesthesia, plasma Prl concentration was not sustained. After the initial 'surge' of Prl secretion, which lasted about 15 min, the concentration returned to normal levels. Following the peak of the Prl 'surge', Prl disappeared from the circulation with a calculated half-life of 7 min (mean value: 6.9 min; confidence interval: 6.3-7.7).
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