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Al-Mudhafar WJ, Vo Thanh H, Wood DA, Min B. Stochastic lithofacies and petrophysical property modeling for fast history matching in heterogeneous clastic reservoir applications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22. [PMID: 38167893 PMCID: PMC10761995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
For complex and multi-layered clastic oil reservoir formations, modeling lithofacies and petrophysical parameters is essential for reservoir characterization, history matching, and uncertainty quantification. This study introduces a real oilfield case study that conducted high-resolution geostatistical modeling of 3D lithofacies and petrophysical properties for rapid and reliable history matching of the Luhais oil reservoir in southern Iraq. For capturing the reservoir's tidal depositional setting using data collected from 47 wells, the lithofacies distribution (sand, shaly sand, and shale) of a 3D geomodel was constructed using sequential indicator simulation (SISIM). Based on the lithofacies modeling results, 50 sets of porosity and permeability distributions were generated using sequential Gaussian simulation (SGSIM) to provide insight into the spatial geological uncertainty and stochastic history matching. For each rock type, distinct variograms were created in the 0° azimuth direction, representing the shoreface line. The standard deviation between every pair of spatial realizations justified the number of variograms employed. An upscaled version of the geomodel, incorporating the lithofacies, permeability, and porosity, was used to construct a reservoir-flow model capable of providing rapid, accurate, and reliable production history matching, including well and field production rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hung Vo Thanh
- Laboratory for Computational Mechanics, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Mechanical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Baehyun Min
- Center for Climate/Environment Change Prediction Research, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Cai F, Ma F, Zhang X, Reimus P, Qi L, Wang Y, Lu D, Thanh HV, Dai Z. Investigating the influence of bentonite colloids on strontium sorption in granite under various hydrogeochemical conditions. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:165819. [PMID: 37506897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of high-level radioactive waste in deep geological repositories is a critical environmental issue. The presence of bentonite colloids generated in the engineering barrier can significantly impact the transport of radionuclides, but their effect on radionuclide sorption in granite remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the sorption characteristics of strontium (Sr) on granite as well as on the coexistence system of granite and colloids under various hydrogeochemical conditions, through batch experiments. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to analyze the sorption forms of Sr on granite before and after sorption. Several hydrogeochemical factors were examined, including contact time, pH, ionic strength, coexisting ions, and bentonite and humic acid colloid concentration. Among these factors, the concentration of bentonite colloids exhibited a significant effect on Sr sorption. Within a specific range of colloid concentration, the sorption of Sr on the solid system increased linearly with the bentonite colloid concentration. pH and ionic strength were also found to play crucial roles in the sorption process. At low pH, Sr sorption primarily occurred through the outer sphere's surface complexation and Na+/H+ ion exchange. However, at high pH, inner sphere surface complexation dominated the process. As the ionic strength increased, electrostatic repulsion gradually increased, resulting in fewer binding sites for particle aggregation and Sr sorption on bentonite colloids. The results also indicate that with increasing pH, the predominant forms of Sr in the solution transitioned from SrHCO3+ and SrCl+ to SrCO3 and SrCl+. This was mainly due to the ion exchange of Ca2+/Mg2+ in plagioclase and biotite, forming SrCO3 precipitation. These findings provide valuable insights into the transport behavior of radionuclides in the subsurface environment of the repository and highlight the importance of considering bentonite colloids and other hydrogeochemical factors when assessing the environmental impact of high-level radioactive waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Cai
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Funing Ma
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China.
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China.
| | - Paul Reimus
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Linlin Qi
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Di Lu
- Yantai Customs Technology Center, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Hung Vo Thanh
- Laboratory for Computational Mechanics, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zhenxue Dai
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
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3
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Zhang H, Thanh HV, Rahimi M, Al-Mudhafar WJ, Tangparitkul S, Zhang T, Dai Z, Ashraf U. Improving predictions of shale wettability using advanced machine learning techniques and nature-inspired methods: Implications for carbon capture utilization and storage. Sci Total Environ 2023; 877:162944. [PMID: 36940746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) in unconventional formations is a promising way for improving hydrocarbon production and combating climate change. Shale wettability plays a crucial factor for successful CCUS projects. In this study, multiple machine learning (ML) techniques, including multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN), were used to evaluate shale wettability based on five key features, including formation pressure, temperature, salinity, total organic carbon (TOC), and theta zero. The data were collected from 229 datasets of contact angle in three states of shale/oil/brine, shale/CO2/brine, and shale/CH4/brine systems. Five algorithms were used to tune MLP, while three optimization algorithms were used to optimize the RBFNN computing framework. The results indicate that the RBFNN-MVO model achieved the best predictive accuracy, with a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.113 and an R2 of 0.999993. The sensitivity analysis showed that theta zero, TOC, pressure, temperature, and salinity were the most sensitive features. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of RBFNN-MVO model in evaluating shale wettability for CCUS initiatives and cleaner production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemeng Zhang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China; Key Laboratory of Mine Thermodynamic Disasters and Control of Ministry of Education, Huludao 125105, China.
| | - Hung Vo Thanh
- Laboratory for Computational Mechanics, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Mechanical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Mohammad Rahimi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chendu, China
| | - Zhenxue Dai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Umar Ashraf
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
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4
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Jia S, Dai Z, Zhou Z, Ling H, Yang Z, Qi L, Wang Z, Zhang X, Thanh HV, Soltanian MR. Upscaling dispersivity for conservative solute transport in naturally fractured media. Water Res 2023; 235:119844. [PMID: 36931187 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Physical heterogeneities are prevalent features of fracture systems and significantly impact transport processes in aquifers across different spatiotemporal scales. Upscaling solute transport parameter is an effective way of quantifying parameter variability in heterogeneous aquifers including fractured media. This paper develops conceptual models for upscaling conservative transport parameters in fracture media. The focus is on upscaling dispersivity. Lagrangian-based transport model (LBTM) for dispersivity upscaling are derived for the solute transport in two-dimensional fractures surrounded by an impermeable matrix. The LBTM is validated against the random walk particle tracking (RWPT) model, which enables highly efficient and accurate predictions of conservative solute transport. The results show that the derived scale-dependent analytical expressions are in excellent agreement with RWPT model results. In addition, LBTM results are also compared to experimental results from the observed breakthrough curve of a conservative solute transport through a single natural fracture within a granite core. Comparing results from the LBTM and transport experiment shows that LBTM based estimated dispersivity is 10.55% higher than the measured value. Errors introduced by the experiments, the conceptual assumptions in deriving models, and the heterogeneities of fracture apertures not fully sampled by measuring instruments are main factor for such discrepancy. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the longitudinal and transverse dispersivities are positively related to the integral scale and the variance of the log-fracture aperture. The longitudinal dispersivity is strongly contolled by the variance of the log-fracture aperture. The LBTM may be useful for directly predicting solute transports, requiring only the acquisition of fractured geostatistical data. This work provides a better understanding of transport processes in fractured media which ultimately control water quality across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Jia
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China; College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenxue Dai
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China; College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- CNNC Key Laboratory on Geological Disposal of High-level Radioactive Waste, Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ling
- CNNC Key Laboratory on Geological Disposal of High-level Radioactive Waste, Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China; College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China; College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China; College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China; College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Hung Vo Thanh
- Laboratory for Computational Mechanics, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Mechanical - Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Mohamad Reza Soltanian
- Departments of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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5
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Yang S, Lian H, Xu B, Thanh HV, Chen W, Yin H, Dai Z. Application of robust deep learning models to predict mine water inflow: Implication for groundwater environment management. Sci Total Environ 2023; 871:162056. [PMID: 36758705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditional mine water inflow prediction is characterized by a high degree of uncertainty in model parameters and complex mechanisms involved in the water inflow process. Data-driven models play a key role in predicting inflow mechanisms without considering physical changes. However, the existing models are limited by nonlinearity and non-stationarity. Thus, the principal objective of this study was to propose two robust models, the DIFF-TCN model and the DIFF-LSTM model, for predicting the average water inflow per day. The models consist of three methods, namely Difference Method (DIFF), Temporal Convolutional Neural Network (TCN), and Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network (LSTM). When applied to the Tingnan Coal Mine, Shanxi Province, China, the DIFF-TCN performs better in predicting the average daily water inflow, the model has a MAE of 5.88 m3/h, RMSE of 6.85 m3/h and R2 of 0.96 in the test stage of the water inflow event. Comparison with the other deep learning models (with similar complex structures) and traditional time series model shows the superiority of our proposed DIFF-TCN model. The SHAP value is used to explain the contribution of each model input to the predicted values, and it indicates that the historical time of water inflow data are the most important input, and the advance distance and the groundwater level data also contribute to the model predictions, but groundwater level data for some periods in the past may have a detrimental effect on the model. The findings of this study can provide better understanding about potential of robust deep learning models for smart hydrological forecasting, and they can also provide technical guidance for mining safety production and protection of water resources and water environment around the mining area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Yang
- College of Civil Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huiqing Lian
- Hebei State Key Laboratory of Mine Disaster Prevention, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing Yanjiao 101601, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Hebei State Key Laboratory of Mine Disaster Prevention, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing Yanjiao 101601, China
| | - Hung Vo Thanh
- Laboratory for Computational Mechanics, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Mechanical - Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huichao Yin
- School of Information Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Langfang 065201, China.
| | - Zhenxue Dai
- College of Civil Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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6
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Al-Qaness MAA, Ewees AA, Thanh HV, AlRassas AM, Dahou A, Elaziz MA. Predicting CO2 trapping in deep saline aquifers using optimized long short-term memory. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:33780-33794. [PMID: 36495438 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A sustainable environment by decreasing fossil fuel utilization and anthropogenic greenhouse gases is a globally main goal due to climate change and serious air pollution. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a heat-trapping (greenhouse) that is released into the earth's atmosphere from natural processes, such as volcanic respiration and eruptions, as well as human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Due to this fact, underground carbon storage (UCS) is a promising technology to cut carbon emissions. However, there are some barriers to prevent UCS from applying globally. One of them is evaluating the feasibility of storage projects. Thus, the prediction accuracy of CO2 storage efficiencies may promote the attention of the community for UCS. In this study, we utilize the recent advances of swarm intelligence to develop a hybrid algorithm called AOSMA, employed to train the long short-term memory (LSTM). The developed swarm intelligence method (AOSMA) is an enhanced Aquila optimizer (AO) using the search mechanism of the slime mould algorithm (SMA). It is used to boost the prediction capability of the LSTM by optimizing its parameters. We considered two CO2 trapping indices, called residual trapping index (RTI) and solubility trapping index (STI). The evaluation experiments have shown that the AOSMA achieved significant results compared to the original AO and SMA and several swarm intelligence and optimization algorithms. The developed smart tools could use as a game changer to provide fast and accurate storage efficiency for projects that have similar parameters falling within the range of the database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A A Al-Qaness
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Ahmed A Ewees
- Department of e-Systems, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Computer, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Hung Vo Thanh
- Laboratory for Computational Mechanics, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Mechanical - Electrical and Computer Engineering, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ayman Mutahar AlRassas
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Abdelghani Dahou
- LDDI Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Ahmed DRAIA, 01000, Adrar, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Abd Elaziz
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering, Galala University, Suze, 435611, Egypt
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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7
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Al-qaness MAA, Ewees AA, Abualigah L, AlRassas AM, Thanh HV, Abd Elaziz M. Evaluating the Applications of Dendritic Neuron Model with Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms for Crude-Oil-Production Forecasting. Entropy (Basel) 2022; 24:1674. [PMID: 36421530 PMCID: PMC9689334 DOI: 10.3390/e24111674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The forecasting and prediction of crude oil are necessary in enabling governments to compile their economic plans. Artificial neural networks (ANN) have been widely used in different forecasting and prediction applications, including in the oil industry. The dendritic neural regression (DNR) model is an ANNs that has showed promising performance in time-series prediction. The DNR has the capability to deal with the nonlinear characteristics of historical data for time-series forecasting applications. However, it faces certain limitations in training and configuring its parameters. To this end, we utilized the power of metaheuristic optimization algorithms to boost the training process and optimize its parameters. A comprehensive evaluation is presented in this study with six MH optimization algorithms used for this purpose: whale optimization algorithm (WOA), particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), sine-cosine algorithm (SCA), differential evolution (DE), and harmony search algorithm (HS). We used oil-production datasets for historical records of crude oil production from seven real-world oilfields (from Tahe oilfields, in China), provided by a local partner. Extensive evaluation experiments were carried out using several performance measures to study the validity of the DNR with MH optimization methods in time-series applications. The findings of this study have confirmed the applicability of MH with DNR. The applications of MH methods improved the performance of the original DNR. We also concluded that the PSO and WOA achieved the best performance compared with other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. A. Al-qaness
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ahmed A. Ewees
- Department of Computer, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Laith Abualigah
- Faculty of Information Technology, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- Faculty of Information Technology, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
- Faculty of Information Technology, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
- School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Ayman Mutahar AlRassas
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hung Vo Thanh
- Laboratory for Computational Mechanics, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Mechanical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Mohamed Abd Elaziz
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering, Galala University, Suze 435611, Egypt
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 4307, Lebanon
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8
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Ali J, Ashraf U, Anees A, Peng S, Umar MU, Vo Thanh H, Khan U, Abioui M, Mangi HN, Ali M, Ullah J. Hydrocarbon Potential Assessment of Carbonate-Bearing Sediments in a Meyal Oil Field, Pakistan: Insights from Logging Data Using Machine Learning and Quanti Elan Modeling. ACS Omega 2022; 7:39375-39395. [PMID: 36340099 PMCID: PMC9631751 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Meyal oil field (MOF) is among the most important contributors to Pakistan's oil and gas industry. Northern Pakistan's Potwar Basin is located in the foreland and thrust bands of the Himalayan mountains. The current research aims to delineate the hydrocarbon potential, reservoir zone evaluation, and lithofacies identification through the utilization of seven conventional well logs (M-01, M-08, M-10, M-12, M-13P, and M-17). We employed the advanced unsupervised machine-learning method of self-organizing maps for lithofacies identification and the novel Quanti Elan model technique for comprehensive multimineral evaluation. The shale volume, porosity, permeability, and water saturation (petrophysical parameters) of six wells were evaluated to identify the reservoir potential and prospective reservoir zones. Well-logging data and self-organizing maps were used in this study to provide a less costly method for the objective and systematic identification of lithofacies. According to the SOM and Pickett plot analyses, the zone of interest is mostly made up of pure limestone oil zone, whereas the sandy and dolomitic behavior with a mixture of shale content shows non-reservoir oil-water and water zones. The reservoir has good porosity values that range from 0 to 18%, but there is a high water saturation of up to 45% in reservoir production zones. The presence of shale in the entire reservoir interval has a negative effect on the permeability value, but the petrophysical properties of the Meyal oil reservoir are good enough to permit hydrocarbon production. According to the petrophysical estimates, the Meyal oil field's Sakesar and Chorgali Formations are promising reservoirs, and new prospects for drilling wells in the southern and central portions of the eastern portion of the research area are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ali
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian710021, P. R. China
| | - Umar Ashraf
- Institute
for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School
of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan
University, Kunming650500, P. R. China
| | - Aqsa Anees
- Institute
for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School
of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan
University, Kunming650500, P. R. China
| | - Sanxi Peng
- College
of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of
Technology, Guilin541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Umar
- College
of Geoscience, Department of Petroleum Geology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing102249, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hung Vo Thanh
- School
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul
National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu08826, Seoul, South
Korea
| | - Umair Khan
- School of
Geosciences & Info-Physics, Central
South University, Changsha410083, P. R. China
| | - Mohamed Abioui
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir80000, Morocco
- MARE-Marine
and Environmental Sciences Centre - Sedimentary Geology Group, Department
of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra300-456, Portugal
| | - Hassan Nasir Mangi
- School
of XingFa Mining Engineering, Wuhan Institute
of Technology, Wuhan430205, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Institute
of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University
of Geosciences, Wuhan430074, P. R. China
| | - Jar Ullah
- Institute
of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University
of Geosciences, Wuhan430074, P. R. China
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