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Naqvi A, Bonert M, Finley C, Czarnecka-Kujawa K, Yasufuku K, Schwock J, Kulasingam V, John R, Ko HM. Role of EBUS-TBNA/EUS-FNA and mass spectrometry for diagnosis and typing of lymph node amyloidosis: 10-year experience in two tertiary care academic centers. Cancer Cytopathol 2023; 131:724-734. [PMID: 37641237 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to investigate the utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)/endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for the diagnosis of amyloidosis coupled with the feasibility of mass spectrometry (MS) for amyloid subtyping. METHODS All patients who had amyloid diagnosed by EBUS-TBNA/EUS-FNA at two tertiary care centers from 2011 to 2020 were retrieved along with the MS subtype, clinical findings, and outcomes. RESULTS Eight patients were included: seven underwent EBUS-TBNA of mediastinal lymph nodes, and one underwent EUS-FNA of a periportal lymph node. Ages ranged from 37 to 79 years (median, 69 years), with equal numbers of men and women. Presenting clinical history included one case each of follicular lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis, possible sarcoid, cirrhosis, and chronic renal insufficiency, and one case each of suspected pulmonary and cardiac amyloidosis. All cases showed waxy, amorphous material on direct smears (n = 5) or ThinPrep slides (n = 3), which were confirmed as amyloid on Congo Red staining. Immunohistochemistry showed dominant lambda staining in two of three cases. MS was performed in all cases and identified five of the light-chain (AL) type, one of the heavy-chain/AL type, and two suggestive of AL amyloidosis. Bone marrow biopsy performed in seven patients demonstrated that three had monoclonal plasma cells and one had lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Two of four patients with systemic amyloidosis received chemotherapy and remained alive, whereas three with localized disease remained stable under observation. CONCLUSIONS EBUS-TBNA/EUS-FNA is effective for amyloidosis diagnosis and provides adequate material for ancillary tests, including MS, which can identify the precursor amyloidogenic protein, leading to appropriate patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Naqvi
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Bonert
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Finley
- Thoracic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katarzyna Czarnecka-Kujawa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respirology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joerg Schwock
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vathany Kulasingam
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rohan John
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyang-Mi Ko
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Oberc A, Armstrong K, Ko HM, Grant A, Mullen JBM, Williams P. Case report of a breast granular cell tumor in a young transgender man. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 93:106978. [PMID: 35364393 PMCID: PMC8971622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.106978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Oberc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | - Hyang-Mi Ko
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Allison Grant
- University of Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital, Women's College Hospital, Canada.
| | - J Brendan M Mullen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Phillip Williams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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3
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Yoon JY, Nayyar R, Quest G, Pabedinskas D, Pal P, Tsao MS, Schwock J, Ko HM. PD-L1 lineage-specific quantification in malignant pleural effusions of lung adenocarcinoma by flow cytometry. Lung Cancer 2020; 148:55-61. [PMID: 32799091 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pathologists encounter several challenges with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests in malignant effusions, including lineage specification (distinction between carcinoma vs. immune and mesothelial cells), background staining, sample fixation issues and inter-observer variability. We explored flow cytometric (FC) quantification of PD-L1 expression in malignant pleural effusions of lung adenocarcinoma patients as an alternative, automated, and objective quantification method compared to PD-L1 IHC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined 23 malignant pleural effusions of TTF-1-positive adenocarcinoma were subjected to FC with a panel of antibodies against CD45, CD3, CD200, EpCAM, D2-40 (podoplanin), and PD-L1 (clone MIH1). The PD-L1 gate was established using fluorescence-minus-one (FMO) isotype controls. Lineage-specific PD-L1 surface expression was quantified and the FC tumor proportion score (TPS) was assessed. PD-L1 IHC was performed on cell block sections using Dako PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay and assessed by two cytopathologists blinded to the FC PD-L1 TPS. RESULTS FC analysis allowed for the distinction between carcinoma cells (CD45-/EpCAM+/D2-40-), leukocytes (CD45+/EpCAM-/D2-40-) and mesothelial cells (CD45-/EpCAM-/D2-40+). FC PD-L1 TPS ranged from 0% to 77 %, while the 22C3 IHC PD-L1 TPS ranged from 0% to 97 %. The FC and IHC TPS values correlated positively (R = 0.8). Best concordance was observed when FC was performed and cell blocks were generated in parallel (R = 0.99). FC also allowed for simultaneous PD-L1 quantification in mesothelial and T-cells. PD-L1 expression on mesothelial cells ranged from 0% to 90.9 %, which also correlated positively with IHC TPS (R = 0.54). PD-L1 expression on T-cells was limited (0.1-2.9 %). CONCLUSION FC permits rapid, objective and lineage-specific PD-L1 surface expression quantification with limited specimen manipulation. The FC and IHC concordance was impacted by different antibody clones being used, but the positive correlation suggests potential clinical utility, especially in malignant effusion specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yoon Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Graeme Quest
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana Pabedinskas
- Division of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prodipto Pal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joerg Schwock
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyang-Mi Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Fiset PO, Labbé C, Young K, Craddock KJ, Smith AC, Tanguay J, Pintilie M, Wang R, Torlakovic E, Cheung C, da Cunha Santos G, Ko HM, Boerner SL, Hwang DM, Leighl NB, Tsao MS. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase 5A4 immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic assay in lung cancer: A Canadian reference testing center's results in population-based reflex testing. Cancer 2019; 125:4043-4051. [PMID: 31390053 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement predicts response to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was the initial reference standard to detect ALK rearrangement, but immunohistochemistry (IHC) using D5F3 has gained acceptance as an alternative diagnostic method. ALK IHC assays using other ALK antibodies have also been used as screening methods, but data supporting their utility as diagnostic tests have not been widely reported. METHODS Data from reflexive clinical ALK IHC test using the 5A4 clone concurrent with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing were analyzed. ALK IHC results were reported as negative (-), equivocal, or positive (+), with equivocal or positive staining validated by FISH break-apart probe testing. Treatment outcomes were reviewed for ALK IHC+ patients. RESULTS Between 2012 and 2015, 146 (2.5%) cases were reported as ALK IHC+, 188 (3.2%) were reported as equivocal, and 5624 (94.4%) were reported as ALK IHC-. Of the ALK IHC+ cases, 131/143(91.6%) were ALK FISH+. Excluding 6 cases in which FISH was inconclusive or not performed, the positive predictive value was 95.6%, and the negative predictive value was 100%. Most specimens (n = 5352 [89.6%]) were also successfully tested for EGFR. Clinical responses to ALK TKIs were noted in 49 ALK IHC+ patients, with a median progression-free survival of 9.9 months. CONCLUSIONS ALK 5A4 IHC can serve as a robust diagnostic test for ALK-rearranged lung cancer and is associated with treatment response and survival. Optimized tissue allocation resulted in high success rates of combined reflex EGFR and ALK testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre O Fiset
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Labbé
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelvin Young
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth J Craddock
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam C Smith
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Tanguay
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melania Pintilie
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ri Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emina Torlakovic
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Cheung
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilda da Cunha Santos
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyang-Mi Ko
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott L Boerner
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Hwang
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha B Leighl
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Ko HM, Joo SH, Jo JH, Park WS, Jung WY, Shin JH, Ahn HJ. Liver-Wrapping, Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanofiber Downregulates Cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax Expression on Rat Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:1170-1174. [PMID: 28583550 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important determinant of the outcome of hepatic surgery, including re-section and transplantation. Previous studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) has a protective effect against IRI. Therefore, many studies have examined methods for supplying NO. In this study, we investigated the effect of NO-releasing nanofibers on hepatic IRI in a rat model. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: control, IRI only (n = 3); group 1, hepatic IRI and liver-wrapping with nanofiber lacking NO (n = 4); group 2, hepatic IRI and liver-wrapping with NO rapid-releasing nanofiber (n = 4); and group 3, hepatic IRI and liver-wrapping with NO slow-releasing nanofiber (n = 5). RESULTS The levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were not significantly different between groups. On the basis of Western blots, Bax/β-actin levels were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 3 (P < .01). Cleaved Caspase-3/β-actin levels were significantly lower in group 2 than in the control, group 1, and group 3 (P < .05, .01, and .01, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in Bcl-2/β-actin between groups. CONCLUSIONS The liver-wrapping NO rapid-releasing nanofiber downregulated cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax expression. It has a protective effect by reducing apoptosis in hepatic IRI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Ko
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Joo
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Jo
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W S Park
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Y Jung
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Shin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Ahn
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kang JH, Ko HM, Moon JS, Yoo HI, Jung JY, Kim MS, Koh JT, Kim WJ, Kim SH. Osteoprotegerin expressed by osteoclasts: an autoregulator of osteoclastogenesis. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1116-23. [PMID: 25256714 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514552677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is secreted by stromal and osteoblastic lineage cells and inhibits osteoclastogenesis by preventing the interaction of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK). In this study, the expression of OPG in osteoclasts themselves and its biological functions during osteoclastogenesis were investigated for the first time. OPG expression in vivo in the developing rat maxilla was examined by immunofluorescence analysis. OPG expression in osteoclasts during in vitro osteoclastogenesis was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. We determined the function of OPG produced by osteoclasts during osteoclastogenesis by silencing the OPG gene. The effects of OPG on bone-resorbing activity and apoptosis of mature osteoclasts were examined by the assay of resorptive pit formation on calcium-phosphate-coated plate and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, respectively. In the immunofluorescence findings, strong immunoreactivities were unexpectedly seen in multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts around the growing and erupting tooth germs in the rat alveolar bone. In vitro, OPG expression was significantly increased during the differentiation of osteoclasts from mouse bone-marrow-derived cells treated with a combination of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and RANKL. Interestingly, it was found that OPG small interfering (si)RNA treatment during osteoclastogenesis enhanced the sizes of osteoclasts, but attenuated their bone-resorbing activity. Also, the increased chromosomal DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity in the late phase of osteoclastogenesis were found to be decreased by treatment with OPG siRNA. Furthermore, effects of OPG siRNA treatment on osteoclastogenesis and bone-resorbing activity were recovered by the treatment of exogenous OPG. These results suggest that OPG, expressed by the osteoclasts themselves, may play an auto-regulatory role in the late phase of osteoclastogenesis through the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kang
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - H M Ko
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Namwon, Korea
| | - J S Moon
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - H I Yoo
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J Y Jung
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - M S Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J T Koh
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - W J Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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7
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Garady C, Saieg MA, Ko HM, Geddie WR, Boerner SL, da Cunha Santos G. Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA detected by in situ hybridization using cytological preparations. Cytopathology 2013; 25:101-7. [PMID: 23725487 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status might help in the diagnosis of EBV-related neoplasms. The rate of successful assays for the detection of EBV-infected cells in cytological preparations has not been fully explored. Our aims were to examine the rate of successful in situ hybridization (ISH) assays for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in cytological specimens and to explore reasons for failure. METHODS An electronic search selected cases with ISH-EBER assays performed on cytological preparations during a 10-year period. Data regarding patient age, gender and immune status, sample type and site, type of preparation, ISH-EBER results, immunophenotyping and immunohistochemistry results, final diagnosis and correspondent histopathological samples were retrieved. RESULTS Sixty specimens from 58 patients with diagnoses of lymphoproliferative disorder (n = 35), carcinoma (n = 24) and sarcoma (n = 1) were identified. ISH-EBER assays were performed on 50 cell block sections and on 10 cytospin preparations, with 22 positive and 32 negative results. Six tests (four cytospins and two cell block sections) failed owing to loss of material during the assay and background staining, with an overall failure rate of 10% and 4% if cytospins were excluded. Assays were performed on 13 cytology and surgical specimens from the same site, with only one discrepant result. CONCLUSIONS Cell block sections had more successful ISH-EBER assays when compared with cytospins. Reasons for failure were loss of material on the slide and background staining. A high concordance rate with surgical specimens emphasizes the usefulness of cytological samples for determining EBV status in patients with exhausted or no histological material available.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Garady
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Moon JS, Cheong NR, Yang SY, Kim IS, Chung HJ, Jeong YW, Park JC, Kim MS, Kim SH, Ko HM. Lipopolysaccharide-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in the periodontal ligament. J Periodontal Res 2013; 48:733-9. [PMID: 23488665 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan-oxidizing enzyme with immune-inhibitory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of IDO by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of gram-negative bacteria, in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts (GFs) were prepared from explants of human PDLs and from gingival tissues of clinically healthy donors, respectively. Real-time RT-PCR, western blotting and the IDO enzyme assay were performed to determine the expression of IDO following LPS treatment of cells. LPS was injected into mice tail veins to evaluate the effects of LPS in vivo in the maxillary first molar. Immunofluorescence staining and histological analysis were followed to localize IDO in mouse PDL. RESULTS The level of expression of IDO mRNA in primary human PDL cells after LPS treatment was increased in a dose-dependent manner, reaching a peak 8 h after LPS treatment. The expression and activities of IDO protein were significantly increased in comparison with those of the control. In addition, the increased production of kynurenine in culture medium was observed 72 h after LPS treatment. In the immunofluorescence findings, stronger immunoreactivities were shown in PDL than in gingival tissues in the maxillae. In accordance with the immunofluorescence findings, LPS treatment induced a strong up-regulation of IDO mRNA in human PDL cells, whereas human GFs showed only a weak response to LPS. CONCLUSION These results clearly show that IDO was induced by LPS in primary human PDL cells, suggesting that PDL might be involved in the regulation of oral inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Moon
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, 2nd stage Brain Korea, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Tong LC, Ko HM, Saieg MA, Boerner S, Geddie WR, da Cunha Santos G. Subclassification of lymphoproliferative disorders in serous effusions. Cancer Cytopathol 2012; 121:261-70. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leung Chu Tong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Hyang-Mi Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mauro Ajaj Saieg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Department of Pathology; Santa Casa Medical School; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Scott Boerner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - William R. Geddie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Gilda da Cunha Santos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
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10
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da Cunha Santos G, Ko HM, Saieg MA, Geddie WR. “The petals and thorns” of ROSE (rapid on-site evaluation). Cancer Cytopathol 2012; 121:4-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kang JH, Choi NK, Kang SJ, Yang SY, Ko HM, Jung JY, Kim MS, Koh JT, Kim WJ, Oh WM, Kim BY, Kim SH. Alendronate affects cartilage resorption by regulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression in rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:786-93. [PMID: 20432372 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine effects of alendronate on the tibial proximal epiphyseal cartilage undergoing endochondral ossification and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the cartilage. Alendronate was injected subcutaneously every other day in postnatal Day 1 Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were sacrificed 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after the first injection. The effect of alendronate treatment for 10 days was demonstrated from the morphological change that the area of the secondary ossification center in the epiphysis was significantly smaller in the alendronate group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Strong immunoreactivity to VEGF was observed in the hypertrophied chondrocytes and some proliferating chondrocytes in the epiphyseal cartilage at postnatal Day 5 and was decreased after the alendronate treatment for 5 days. Immunoreactivity was observed in not only hypertrophied cells but also the peripheral cartilaginous matrix adjacent to the vascular canals invading into the central portion of the cartilage at postnatal Day 7. This reactivity was also reduced considerably by the alendronate treatment for 7 days. The level of VEGF expression was reduced by the alendronate treatment at both the transcription and translation levels. However, the transcriptional level of the flt-1 and flk-1 receptors was relatively unaltered by the treatment. These results suggest that VEGF expression is required for vascular invasion into the developing cartilage and alendronate can affect its resorption by downregulating VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kang
- Dental Science Research Institute, Second Stage Brain Korea, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Kang JH, Kim BK, Park BI, Kim HJ, Ko HM, Yang SY, Kim MS, Jung JY, Kim WJ, Oh WM, Kim SH, Kim JH. Parasympathectomy induces morphological changes and alters gene-expression profiles in the rat submandibular gland. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 55:7-14. [PMID: 20003962 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The chorda-lingual (CL) nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the hilum of the sublingual and submandibular glands (SMGs) and evokes the secretion of saliva. The effect of cutting the CL nerve on the biological processes in SMGs was investigated by examining the gene-expression profiles in the SMGs after a surgical parasympathectomy. METHODS At day 3 after the CL nerve cut, the changes in the SMGs at both the experimental cut and contralateral control sides were analysed by microarray and light microscopy. The expression levels of 6 selected genes were confirmed by real-time PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The wet weight of the parasympathectomised SMGs decreased significantly compared to that of the contralateral side (p<0.05). Histological analyses after the parasympathectomy showed a widened interacinar space as well as some atropic changes to the acini of the SMGs in the cut side. Microarray analysis revealed that twofold differential expression in mRNA expression in the parasympathectomized SMGs were detected in 88 genes (0.004%): 41 genes were overexpressed, 11 were underexpressed and 36 were unknown. Changes of the expression of 6 selected genes detected by Western blot and/or real-time PCR were consistent with the microarray data. CONCLUSION The important genes involved in biological processes for salivation were identified through a large-scale gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kang
- 2nd Stage BK 21 for School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
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Kim MS, Jung SY, Kang JH, Kim HJ, Ko HM, Jung JY, Koh JT, Kim WJ, Kim SM, Lee EJ, Kim SH. Effects of bisphosphonate on the endochondral bone formation of the mandibular condyle. Anat Histol Embryol 2009; 38:321-6. [PMID: 19681835 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2009.00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of the mandibular condylar cartilage is important for the overall growth of the mandible. However, there have been a few researches into medical approaches aimed at controlling condylar growth. This study examined the effects of bisphosphonate on the growth of the condylar cartilage. Alendronate (3.5 mg/kg/week) was administered to postnatal day 1 SD rats for 7 and 10 days. The thickness of each chondrocyte layer and the level of MMP-9 expression were measured. The anteroposterior diameter of the developing condyle was unaffected by the alendronate treatment for 7 days (P > 0.05). The total thickness of the cartilage layers was also unaffected by the treatment for 7 days (P > 0.05). In particular, there was no change in the thickness of the perichondrium and reserve cell layer at the measured condylar regions (P > 0.05). However, the thickness of the proliferating cell layer was reduced significantly, whereas the thickness of hypertrophied cartilage layer was increased (P < 0.05). The number of chondroclasts engaged in hypertrophied cartilage resorption was reduced significantly by the alendronate treatment (P < 0.05). The level of MMP-9 expression was reduced at both the transcription and translation levels by the alendronate treatment for 7 and 10 days. These results indicate that alendronate (>3.5 mg/kg/week) inhibits the longitudinal growth of the mandibular condyle by inhibiting chondrocyte proliferation and the resorption of hypertrophied cartilage for ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, 2nd stage Brain Korea, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Kim HJ, Jeon SK, Kang JH, Kim MS, Ko HM, Jung JY, Koh JT, Kim WJ, Lee EJ, Lim HP, Kim SH. Expression of DCC in differentiating ameloblasts from developing tooth germs in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:563-9. [PMID: 19362703 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the expression pattern of the Deleted-in-colorectal-carcinoma (DCC) gene in developing rat tooth germs. METHODS Rat pups at 4, 7 and 10 d postpartum were used in this study. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescent localization were used to determine the level of DCC expression during tooth development. RESULTS There was more than 2-fold higher level of DCC mRNA in the rat 2nd maxillary molar tooth germs on 10 d postpartum, which was the root stage, than in the rat 3rd maxillary molar tooth germ, which was at the cap/early bell development stage. In addition, the levels of DCC mRNA in the 2nd maxillary molar germs at 4, 7 and 10 d postpartum increased gradually according to tooth development. Interestingly, immunoreactivity against DCC was specifically detected in the differentiating ameloblasts. DCC was observed in the lateral and apical sides of the newly differentiating and secretory stage ameloblasts. Afterwards, DCC was localized only in the apical side of the maturation stage ameloblasts, not in the lateral side. CONCLUSION DCC is expressed in the differentiating ameloblasts, which suggests that this molecule plays a crucial role in amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
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15
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Kim MS, Kim JH, Lee MR, Kang JH, Kim HJ, Ko HM, Choi CH, Jung JY, Koh JT, Kim BK, Oh HK, Kim WJ, Lee EJ, Kim SH. Effects of alendronate on a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs expression in the developing epiphyseal cartilage in rats. Anat Histol Embryol 2009; 38:154-60. [PMID: 19183348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2008.00920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) have been reported to play a role in the degradation of aggrecan, a major component of cartilage. This study was performed to examine the effects of alendronate on the expression of ADAMTS in developing femoral epiphyseal cartilage. Primary cultured chondrocytes from this cartilage were treated with alendronate in vitro and postnatal day 1 rats were injected subcutaneously with alendronate (1 mg/kg) every second day in vivo. The number of cultured chondrocytes and their aggrecan mRNA levels were unaffected by the alendronate treatment at 10(-6) to 10(-4) M concentrations. The mRNA levels of ADAMTS-1, -2 and -9 in chondrocytes were also unaffected. However, the levels of ADAMTS-5 and -4 were reduced significantly by the same treatment. The thickness of the proliferating chondrocyte layers and the aggrecan mRNA levels in the epiphysis were unaffected by the alendronate treatment in vivo. However, the hypertrophied chondrocyte layers became significantly thicker, and the size of the secondary ossification centre was reduced significantly by the same treatment (P < 0.05). Both ADAMTS-4 and -5 mRNA expressions were also reduced significantly in vivo. The immunoreactivity against ADAMTS-4 was seen in hypertrophied chondrocytes and reduced significantly by the alendronate treatment. These results suggested that alendronate can inhibit the degradation of aggrecan in the articular cartilage by downregulating the expression of matrix enzymes such as ADAMTS-4 and -5.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, 2nd stage Brain Korea, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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16
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Ko HM, Kang NI, Kim YS, Lee YM, Jin ZW, Jung YJ, Im SY, Kim JH, Shin YH, Cho BH, Lee HK. Glutamine preferentially inhibits T-helper type 2 cell-mediated airway inflammation and late airway hyperresponsiveness through the inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) activity in a murine asthma model. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 38:357-64. [PMID: 18070157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-essential amino acid, l-glutamine (Gln), is abundant in the human body. Gln exhibits beneficial effects on endotoxic shock through the inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) activity. cPLA(2) has been reported to be implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, but the effects of Gln on asthma have not yet been defined. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Gln on allergic bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and to determine the possible action mechanisms of Gln in a murine model of asthma. METHODS cPLA(2) phosphorylation was assessed by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. Smears of bronchoalveolar lavage cells were stained with Diff-Quik solution for differential cell counting. Airway levels of the proteins [T-helper type-1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines, and mucin] were measured by ELISA. mRNA expression of cytokines was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. AHR was assessed as a change in airway resistance (RL). Histological studies were performed to assess the levels of mucin and pulmonary inflammation. RESULTS Systemic Gln administration inhibited cPLA(2) phosphorylation and its enzymatic activity in the lungs. Additionally, Gln effectively suppressed the key features of Th2-dependent asthmatic features, such as airway eosinophilia, mucus formation, and airway type 2 cytokine production, as well as late AHR. CONCLUSION Gln was found to be effective in the suppression of Th2-dependent phenotypes and late AHR, and this effect of Gln appeared to be at least partially attributable to its ability to suppress cLPA(2) activity in the airway. Our results suggest that clinical use of Gln for patients with asthma may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Chung JH, Park EJ, Choi YD, Kim HS, Lee YJ, Ko HM, Kim KS, Nam JH, Park CS. Efficacy assessment of CellSlide in liquid-based gynecologic cytology. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 99:597-602. [PMID: 16137748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Revised: 06/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of CellSlidetrade mark (CS) method in liquid-based gynecologic cytology. METHODS We compared 1221 specimens prepared by both CS and conventional techniques to evaluate specimen adequacy and cytologic diagnoses. Sensitivity and specificity of these techniques were analyzed in 54 cases using the available histological data. RESULTS Quality limiting factors, such as obscuring inflammation or blood, were markedly reduced in CS (0.2%) compared to the conventional smear (4.9%). There was a complete agreement in the Bethesda 2001 diagnosis between these methods in 1132 cases (92.7%) out of 1221. 16.7% more ASC cases and 37.5% more low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 21.4% more high-grade SIL (HSIL) were detected on the CS slides than on the conventional smears. Sensitivity rates, relative to histological data, were 91.4% (CS) and 74.3% (conventional) and specificity rates were same (89.5%) for ASC and more severe lesions. Infectious organisms (Trichomonas and Candida, etc.) were readily identifiable in both methods. CONCLUSIONS CS preparation is more sensitive and equally specific in detecting epithelial abnormalities when compared to the conventional smear. In addition, it has a lower incidence of unsatisfactory results with hypocellularity or >75% obscuration of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hospital, 5 Hak-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-190, Korea
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Kim J, Joo HS, Ko HM, Na MS, Hwang SH, Im JC. A case of fatal hyperinfective strongyloidiasis with discovery of autoinfective filariform larvae in sputum. Korean J Parasitol 2005; 43:51-5. [PMID: 15951639 PMCID: PMC2711998 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2005.43.2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The autoinfective filariform larva of Strongyloides stercoralis causes hyperinfection in immunosuppressed hosts. Here we report on the case of a male patient who was admitted to the emergency room at Gwangju Veterans Hospital with a complaint of dyspnea, and who was receiving corticosteroid therapy for asthma. Many slender larvae of S. stercoralis with a notched tail were detected in Papanicolaou stained sputum. They measured 269 +/- 21.2 microm in length and 11 +/- 0.6 microm in width. The esophagus extended nearly half of the body length. The larvae were identified putatively as autoinfective third-stage filariform larvae, and their presence was fatal. The autoinfective filariform larva of S. stercoralis has not been previously reported in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kim
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Namwon, Korea.
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19
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Ko HM, Jhu IK, Yang SH, Lee JH, Nam JH, Juhng SW, Choi C. Clinicopathologic analysis of fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid. A review of 1,613 cases and correlation with histopathologic diagnoses. Acta Cytol 2003; 47:727-32. [PMID: 14526669 DOI: 10.1159/000326596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid lesions at our institution and to ascertain its usefulness in determining the therapeutic approach. STUDY DESIGN The authors reviewed the results of 1,613 cases of FNA cytology of thyroid nodules performed from 1999 to 2001 at the Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hospital. Cytologic diagnoses were compared with histologic diagnoses in 207 cases that included both FNA and thyroid surgery. RESULTS The sensitivity for the detection of neoplasms (carcinoma and follicular adenoma) was 78.4% and the specificity 98.2%. A false positive diagnosis was made in 1 case (1.8%) and false negative ones in 28 cases (21.5%). The diagnostic accuracy was 84.4%, with a positive predictive value of 99.0% and negative predictive value of 66.3%. The predictive value of a cytologic diagnosis was 100% in papillary carcinoma. CONCLUSION FNA is a useful test in determining the therapeutic approach of thyroid lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Mi Ko
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kim KS, Ko HM, Lee JH, Choi C. Fine needle aspiration cytology of granular cell tumor in the breast of a male. Acta Cytol 2001; 45:1093-4. [PMID: 11726115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Choi JH, Ko HM, Kim JW, Lee HK, Han SS, Chun SB, Im SY. Platelet-activating factor-induced early activation of NF-kappa B plays a crucial role for organ clearance of Candida albicans. J Immunol 2001; 166:5139-44. [PMID: 11290796 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.8.5139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the mechanisms underlying organ susceptibility to candida infection. Infection of BALB/c mice with Candida albicans led to both an early (1-8 h) and late (24-48 h) activation of NF-kappaB in the organs resistant to C. albicans, including the lung and spleen. In susceptible organs such as the kidneys, early activation of NF-kappaB was not observed. The kinetics of TNF-alpha mRNA expression paralleled those of NF-kappaB activation in all organs examined. Blocking the effects of endogenous platelet-activating factor (PAF) by pretreatment with the PAF antagonist BN50739 or antioxidants significantly reduced the early activity of NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha mRNA expression, and increased the recovery of C. albicans in the lung and spleen. Importantly, administration of PAF 5 min prior to the infection resulted in the appearance of early activities of NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha mRNA expression, followed by a nearly complete clearance of the organisms in the kidneys. Pretreatment with anti-TNF-alpha Ab resulted in an enhanced susceptibility to C. albicans, and the PAF-mediated resistance was abrogated by anti-TNF-alpha in all organs examined. These data indicated that endogenously produced PAF in response to C. albicans is a key molecule involved in the early activation of NF-kappaB, which, in turn, renders the organ resistant to the fungus by promoting the production of anti-candidal proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha. Susceptible organs, including the kidneys, lack the capacity to generate a sufficient PAF-induced early NF-kappaB response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea
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Ko HM, Chung JH, Lee JH, Jung IS, Choi IS, Juhng SW, Choi C. Androgen receptor gene mutation associated with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and Sertoli cell adenoma. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2001; 20:196-9. [PMID: 11293168 DOI: 10.1097/00004347-200104000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of Sertoli cell adenoma in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) in a 22-year-old woman. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing revealed a single nucleotide substitution on exon 7 of the human androgen receptor (hAR) gene, resulting in a change of CGA (arginine) to CAA (glutamine) in codon 831.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Ko
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Kwangju Veterans Hospital, Kwangju, Korea
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Abstract
We report three autopsy cases of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in fetuses with a review of literature. The clinical manifestations in these cases of congenital CMV infection include intrauterine fetal death, hydrops fetalis, and CMV pneumonia associated with cardiovascular defect. The pathological characteristics were as follows: 1) the kidney was the most frequently involved organ, followed by lung and liver, 2) CMV inclusions were found predominantly in epithelial cells and to a lesser degree in endothelial cells, 3) intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells were frequently involved, and 4) inflammatory reaction around CMV inclusions was not prominent in the early stage of pregnancy. Diagnostic confirmation was obtained by in situ hybridization (ISH) using a biotinylated CMV-DNA probe, which demonstrated intranuclear inclusions and sometimes recognized cells that did not show intranuclear inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Ko
- Department of Pathology, Kwangju Veterans Hospital, Korea
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Han SJ, Choi JH, Ko HM, Yang HW, Choi IW, Lee HK, Lee OH, Im SY. Glucocorticoids prevent NF-kappaB activation by inhibiting the early release of platelet-activating factor in response to lipopolysaccharide. Eur J Immunol 1999. [PMID: 10229101 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199904)29:04<1334::aid-immu1334>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a known inducer of numerous pro-inflammatory events including the production of platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF released in response to LPS is a major contributor to the pathological events associated with endotoxemia. The present study demonstrates that dexmethasone (DEX) inhibited the LPS-induced early plasma PAF raise in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, DEX prevented the subsequent PAF-mediated pathological phenomena such as anaphylactic shock-like symptoms, symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemorrhage in renal medullae. DEX or the PAF antagonist BN 50739 significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation. The inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by DEX was overcome by the injection of exogenous PAF. Administration of PAF or LPS resulted in a rapid loss of IkappaBalpha protein. The LPS-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha was prevented by pretreatment with BN 50739, suggesting that PAF is a critical intermediate in the LPS-triggered degradation of IkappaBalpha protein. DEX prevented the LPS-induced IkappaBalpha degradation, which was also reversed by exogenous PAF. Administration of DEX or BN 50739 caused an increase in cytoplasmic IkappaBalpha level. Our results indicate that DEX inhibits IkappaBalpha degradation and subsequent NF-kappaB activation through blocking the initial release of PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, HRC, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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Han SJ, Choi JH, Ko HM, Yang HW, Choi IW, Lee HK, Lee OH, Im SY. Glucocorticoids prevent NF-kappaB activation by inhibiting the early release of platelet-activating factor in response to lipopolysaccharide. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:1334-41. [PMID: 10229101 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199904)29:04<1334::aid-immu1334>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a known inducer of numerous pro-inflammatory events including the production of platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF released in response to LPS is a major contributor to the pathological events associated with endotoxemia. The present study demonstrates that dexmethasone (DEX) inhibited the LPS-induced early plasma PAF raise in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, DEX prevented the subsequent PAF-mediated pathological phenomena such as anaphylactic shock-like symptoms, symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemorrhage in renal medullae. DEX or the PAF antagonist BN 50739 significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation. The inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by DEX was overcome by the injection of exogenous PAF. Administration of PAF or LPS resulted in a rapid loss of IkappaBalpha protein. The LPS-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha was prevented by pretreatment with BN 50739, suggesting that PAF is a critical intermediate in the LPS-triggered degradation of IkappaBalpha protein. DEX prevented the LPS-induced IkappaBalpha degradation, which was also reversed by exogenous PAF. Administration of DEX or BN 50739 caused an increase in cytoplasmic IkappaBalpha level. Our results indicate that DEX inhibits IkappaBalpha degradation and subsequent NF-kappaB activation through blocking the initial release of PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, HRC, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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Im SY, Han SJ, Ko HM, Choi JH, Chun SB, Lee DG, Ha TY, Lee HK. Involvement of nuclear factor-kappa B in platelet-activating factor-mediated tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:2800-4. [PMID: 9394802 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830271109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and platelet-activating factor (PAF) are important mediators of inflammatory reactions, and their release is controlled by a positive feedback network. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the interaction of these two molecules are unknown. Within 10 min of the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into C57BL/6 mice, effects inducible by PAF such as anaphylactic shock-like symptoms, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and hemorrhage in renal medullae were observed, and all these pathological changes were prevented by the PAF antagonist, BN 50739. The plasma level of PAF after LPS injection reached a peak at 5 min. TNF-alpha gene expression was evident 20 min after LPS injection and was maximal at 40 min, and the level of serum TNF-alpha reached a peak at 1 h. Pretreatment with BN 50739 inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha gene expression and protein synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Injection of PAF or treatment of the macrophage cell line, J774A.1, with PAF activated the transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, which is essential for inducible TNF-alpha transcription. The activation of NF-kappa B by PAF preceded the LPS-mediated TNF-alpha gene expression. Pretreatment with BN 50739 inhibited LPS-induced mobilization of NF-kappa B in a dose-dependent manner in vivo as well as in vitro. These data suggest that PAF, which is released immediately or shortly after LPS injection, induces the expression of TNF-alpha through the activation of NF-kappa B.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Im
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The determination of a unicellular or a multicellular origin of a tumor is an important due for understanding its etiology. To investigate this issue, we performed clonality assay of cervix cancer using polymerase chain reaction based on highly polymorphic locus of the androgen receptor gene, in which methylation of DNA correlates with inactivation of X chromosome. DNA samples were obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of 20 invasive epidermoid carcinomas and 10 carcinoma in situ. Seven of ten carcinoma in situ, heterozygous for the androgen receptor locus, were monoclonal pattern. Among twenty invasive epidermoid carcinomas, eighteen of which showed heterozygous, twelve were monoclonal pattern and six were polyclonal pattern. We conclude that carcinoma in situ arises from a single cell. In invasive epidermoid carcinoma, most cases were monoclonal, although some cases were polyclonal. These suggest that invasive carcinoma of the cervix does not always arise from a single cell, but may arise from several cells with different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Ko
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam University Medical School, Korea
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Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent phospholipid-derived modulator of immunological and inflammatory processes. In this study, the role of exogenous and endogenous PAF in resistance to infection with Candida albicans was investigated. Administration of PAF following a lethal challenge of C. albicans significantly protected mice from death and reduced the number of organisms in the kidneys. Neutralization of endogenous PAF with the PAF antagonist BN50739 shortened the mean survival time and increased the number of C. albicans cells per kidney. Shortly after infection of mice (30 min), significant levels of PAF were detected in the serum. PAF-induced protection appears to be mediated through the actions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), since pretreatment with anti-TNF-alpha before each injection of PAF abrogated the majority of PAF-induced enhanced resistance. Administration of PAF in vivo elevated serum TNF-alpha levels and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in the kidney. Production of TNF-alpha was markedly diminished by pretreatment with the PAF antagonist BN50739 prior to infection with C. albicans. We conclude that PAF, which is produced during infection with C. albicans, plays an important role in determining the level of resistance to this infectious microorganism. This effect of PAF appears to be mediated, at least in part, through the induction of TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Im
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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Im SY, Ko HM, Kim JW, Lee HK, Ha TY, Lee HB, Oh SJ, Bai S, Chung KC, Lee YB, Kang HS, Chun SB. Augmentation of tumor metastasis by platelet-activating factor. Cancer Res 1996; 56:2662-5. [PMID: 8653713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on experimental pulmonary metastasis by the B16F10 murine melanoma and the possible involvement of PAF in the activities of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) in tumor metastasis were investigated. i.p. injection of PAF enhanced the lung colonization in a dose- and time-dependent manner. PAF enhanced lung colonization when it was administered after, but not before, B16F10 inoculation. Multiple injections of PAF were more effective than a single injection. Neutralization of endogenous PAF with PAF antagonist BN50739 decreased lung colonization, suggesting that endogenous PAF plays an important role in pulmonary metastases. A single i.p. injection of TNF-alpha or IL-1alpha caused a marked enhancement in lung colonization. TNF-alpha- and IL-1alpha-mediated enhancement in lung colonies was significantly inhibited by BN50739. These results demonstrate that PAF has a metastasis-enhancing effect and is a mediator of the metastatic activities of TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Im
- Department of Microbiology, Chunnam National University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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Huang YB, Hsu LR, Wu PC, Ko HM, Tsai YH. Crude drug (zingiberaceae) enhancement of percutaneous absorption of indomethacin: in vitro and in vivo permeation. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1993; 9:392-400. [PMID: 8366543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To improve drug permeation through skin, extracts of crude drugs were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo penetration techniques with rabbit skin as a model membrane. The acetone extract of Amomum cardamomum (ae-AC) and Elettaria cardamomum (ae-EC) had the best effect in enhancing the penetration of Indomethacin (IDM). The flux of IDM for the formulation containing ae-AC from pH 7.4 buffer-alcohol donor solution was 3.6 times higher than that from the 50% alcohol donor solution. In order to confirm enhancer/skin interaction, a microscopic study was carried out in order to determine the presence of physical evidence in the skin caused by enhancers. A pharmacokinetic model of percutaneous absorption of IDM after topical administration was employed on the assumption of a zero-order penetration rate through the stratum corneum followed by absorption into the blood by a first-order process. Good correlation was observed between the experimental data point and simulated plasma concentration. From the results of the study, the in vitro permeability coefficient correlates with the in vivo penetration rate through the stratum corneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wu PC, Huang YB, Chang SJ, Ko HM, Tsai YH. [Comparison of two commercial potassium chloride tablets for slow-release in an in vitro dissolution test]. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1992; 8:161-7. [PMID: 1560473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two commercial slow-release potassium chloride tablets, Slow-K and Addi-K have the characteristics of slow-release in the different dissolution conditions. The two tablets had similar dissolution profiles in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8), simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and water; which indicates that, the dissolution rates of the two commercial potassium chloride tablets are independent of the pH values of the dissolution medium. The release patterns of potassium chloride fitted the First order model and Higuchi matrix model. These were distinguished by differential rate treatment, which showed that the release followed the First order pattern. It was found that the dissolution rate of Addi-K were more rapid than Slow-K in different dissolution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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