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Fransgo K, Lin LC, Rho H. Distinct interactions of ericoid mycorrhizae and plant growth-promoting bacteria: impacts on blueberry growth and heat resilience. Plant Signal Behav 2024; 19:2329842. [PMID: 38493504 PMCID: PMC10950280 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2329842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Blueberries confront substantial challenges from climate change, such as rising temperatures and extreme heat, necessitating urgent solutions to ensure productivity. We hypothesized that ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (ErM) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) would establish symbiotic relationships and increase heat stress tolerance in blueberries. A growth chamber study was designed with low (25/20°C) and high temperature (35/30°C) conditions with micropropagated blueberry plantlets inoculated with ErM, PGPB, and both. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence properties of the leaves were monitored throughout the growth. At harvest, biochemical assays and biomass analysis were performed to evaluate potential oxidative stress induced by elevated temperatures. ErM application boosted root biomass under 25/20°C conditions but did not impact photosynthetic efficiency. In contrast, PGPB demonstrated a dual role: enhancing photosynthetic capacity and reducing stomatal conductance notably under 35/30°C conditions. Moreover, PGPB showcased conflicting effects, reducing oxidative damage under 25/20°C conditions while intensifying it during 47°C heat shock. A significant highlight lies in the opposing effects of ErM and PGPB on root growth and stomatal conductance, signifying their reciprocal influence on blueberry plant behavior, which may lead to increased water uptake or reduced water use. Understanding these complex interactions holds promise for refining sustainable strategies to overcome climate challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleb Fransgo
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lei-Chen Lin
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hyungmin Rho
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rho H, Doty SL, Kim SH. Endophytes alleviate the elevated CO2-dependent decrease in photosynthesis in rice, particularly under nitrogen limitation. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:707-718. [PMID: 31587073 PMCID: PMC6945999 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The positive effects of high atmospheric CO2 concentrations [CO2] decrease over time in most C3 plants because of down-regulation of photosynthesis. A notable exception to this trend is plants hosting N-fixing bacteria. The decrease in photosynthetic capacity associated with an extended exposure to high [CO2] was therefore studied in non-nodulating rice that can establish endophytic interactions. Rice plants were inoculated with diazotrophic endophytes isolated from the Salicaceae and CO2 response curves of photosynthesis were determined in the absence or presence of endophytes at the panicle initiation stage. Non-inoculated plants grown under elevated [CO2] showed a down-regulation of photosynthesis compared to those grown under ambient [CO2]. In contrast, the endophyte-inoculated plants did not show a decrease in photosynthesis associated with high [CO2], and they exhibited higher photosynthetic electron transport and mesophyll conductance rates than non-inoculated plants under high [CO2]. The endophyte-dependent alleviation of decreases in photosynthesis under high [CO2] led to an increase in water-use efficiency. These effects were most pronounced when the N supply was limited. The results suggest that inoculation with N-fixing endophytes could be an effective means of improving plant growth under high [CO2] by alleviating N limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmin Rho
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sharon Lafferty Doty
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Soo-Hyung Kim
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Rho H, Doty SL, Kim SH. Estimating microbial respiratory CO 2 from endophytic bacteria in rice. Plant Signal Behav 2018; 13:e1500067. [PMID: 30081765 PMCID: PMC6149460 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1500067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes are symbiotic microbes that live inside host plants. These endophytic symbionts receive photosynthesized carbohydrates from host plants while conferring symbiotic benefits to their host. During photosynthate-fueled respiration, endophytes release CO2 into the intercellular spaces of their host plants in which they reside. We evaluated the possibility for host plants' re-assimilation of microbial respiratory CO2. In planta and in vitro assays were conducted to examine respiratory characteristics of endophyte-symbiotic plants. Endophyte-inoculated plants had a greater in planta respiration rate. In vitro data demonstrated that respiration rates of endophytes are dependent on the total amount of endophytes and the concentration of carbohydrate supply. Assuming the host plant offers sufficient carbohydrates, we estimate that CO2 produced during microbial respiration in planta accounts for about 57% of the CO2 assimilated by the photosynthetic pathways of the symbiotic plant. This suggests that endophytes can produce significant amounts of CO2, which could then be re-assimilated by host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmin Rho
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sharon Lafferty Doty
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Soo-Hyung Kim
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Bernstein M, Barrera I, Ranger J, Rho H, Kavan P. Assessing physician adherence to clinical practice guidelines in the management of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: a retrospective analysis from a tertiary care centre in Canada. Thromb Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rho H, Van Epps V, Wegley N, Doty SL, Kim SH. Salicaceae Endophytes Modulate Stomatal Behavior and Increase Water Use Efficiency in Rice. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:188. [PMID: 29552021 PMCID: PMC5840156 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial and yeast endophytes isolated from the Salicaceae family have been shown to promote growth and alleviate stress in plants from different taxa. To determine the physiological pathways through which endophytes affect plant water relations, we investigated leaf water potential, whole-plant water use, and stomatal responses of rice plants to Salicaceae endophyte inoculation under CO2 enrichment and water deficit. Daytime stomatal conductance and stomatal density were lower in inoculated plants compared to controls. Leaf ABA concentrations increased with endophyte inoculation. As a result, transpirational water use decreased significantly with endophyte inoculation while biomass did not change or slightly increased. This response led to a significant increase in cumulative water use efficiency at harvest. Different endophyte strains produced the same results in host plant water relations and stomatal responses. These stomatal responses were also observed under elevated CO2 conditions, and the increase in water use efficiency was more pronounced under water deficit conditions. The effect on water use efficiency was positively correlated with daily light integrals across different experiments. Our results provide insights on the physiological mechanisms of plant-endophyte interactions involving plant water relations and stomatal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmin Rho
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Victor Van Epps
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nicholas Wegley
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sharon L. Doty
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Soo-Hyung Kim
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Rho H, Hsieh M, Kandel SL, Cantillo J, Doty SL, Kim SH. Do Endophytes Promote Growth of Host Plants Under Stress? A Meta-Analysis on Plant Stress Mitigation by Endophytes. Microb Ecol 2018; 75:407-418. [PMID: 28840330 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes are microbial symbionts living inside plants and have been extensively researched in recent decades for their functions associated with plant responses to environmental stress. We conducted a meta-analysis of endophyte effects on host plants' growth and fitness in response to three abiotic stress factors: drought, nitrogen deficiency, and excessive salinity. Ninety-four endophyte strains and 42 host plant species from the literature were evaluated in the analysis. Endophytes increased biomass accumulation of host plants under all three stress conditions. The stress mitigation effects by endophytes were similar among different plant taxa or functional groups with few exceptions; eudicots and C4 species gained more biomass than monocots and C3 species with endophytes, respectively, under drought conditions. Our analysis supports the effectiveness of endophytes in mitigating drought, nitrogen deficiency, and salinity stress in a wide range of host species with little evidence of plant-endophyte specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmin Rho
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2100, USA.
| | - Marian Hsieh
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2100, USA
| | - Shyam L Kandel
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2100, USA
| | - Johanna Cantillo
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Sharon L Doty
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2100, USA
| | - Soo-Hyung Kim
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2100, USA
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Jeong D, Park J, Joung J, Yang Y, Choi Y, Rho H. 97. Values of needle electromyography as a surrogate for the essential tremor. Clin Neurophysiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.11.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rho H, Jones CN, Rose RB. Kinetic Stability May Determine the Interaction Dynamics of the Bifunctional Protein DCoH1, the Dimerization Cofactor of the Transcription Factor HNF-1α,. Biochemistry 2010; 49:10187-97. [DOI: 10.1021/bi1015056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Rho
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, 128 Polk Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - C. N. Jones
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, 128 Polk Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - R. B. Rose
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, 128 Polk Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Rho H, Snow CS, Cooper SL, Fisk Z, Comment A, Ansermet JP. Evolution of magnetic polarons and spin-carrier interactions through the metal-insulator transition in Eu(1-x)Gd(x)O. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:127401. [PMID: 11909499 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.127401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Raman scattering studies as functions of temperature, magnetic field, and Gd substitution are used to investigate the evolution of magnetic polarons and spin-carrier interactions through the metal-insulator transition in Eu(1-x)Gd(x)O. These studies reveal a spin-fluctuation-dominated paramagnetic (PM) regime for T>T*>T(C), and a coexistence regime for T<T* in which spin polarons develop and coexist with remnants of the PM phase. They further show a strong connection between spin cluster formation and the dramatic field effects observed in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rho
- Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Rho H, Arafat HA, Kountz B, Buchanan RC, Pinto NG, Bishop PL. Decomposition of hazardous organic materials in the solidification/stabilization process using catalytic-activated carbon. Waste Manag 2001; 21:343-356. [PMID: 11300534 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-053x(00)00080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The application of a catalytic-activated carbon to the solidification/stabilization (S/S) process for immobilization of phenol and 2-chlorophenol and catalytic decomposition was investigated. The effect of the catalytic-activated carbon, in amounts of 0.25-1% (by dry sand wt.), on the leaching of phenol and 2-chlorophenol was studied. H2O2 was added as a source of oxygen in the amounts of 1 or 5%, with respect to liquid solution weight. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) leaching tests showed that adding the catalytic-activated carbon to the S/S matrix significantly reduced the leachability of both phenol and 2-chlorophenol. Only trace amounts of phenol were found in the leaching solution, while the concentration of 2-chlorophenol was below the detection limit of the gas chromatography (GC). Without addition of the catalytic-activated carbon, 87% of the phenol and 92% of the 2-chlorophenol leached. Additional tests on TCLP leachate solutions using GC-mass spectrometry indicated the existence of simple, less hazardous, hydrocarbons, including alcohol. Catalytic-activated carbons treated with phenol in the presence of H2O2 were also analyzed using time of flight-secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS). Results indicate that the phenol aromatic ring was broken by the catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rho
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Kim CS, Kim M, Furdyna JK, Dobrowolska M, Lee S, Rho H, Smith LM, Jackson HE, James EM, Xin Y, Browning ND. Evidence for 2D precursors and interdiffusion in the evolution of self-assembled CdSe quantum dots on ZnSe. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:1124-1127. [PMID: 10991490 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of self-assembled CdSe quantum dots deposited on (and subsequently capped by) ZnSe was investigated on a series of samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy, with CdSe coverages from 0.5 to 2.6 monolayers. The samples were investigated by cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy, as well as macro- and microphotoluminescence. The results clearly indicated a coexistence of 2D ZnCdSe platelets and 3D islands, showing clearly that the platelets act as precursors for the formation of the 3D islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- CS Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Abstract
Severe aplastic anemia is a well-recognized complication of ticlopidine therapy that carries a high mortality. Therapy with colony-stimulating factors or corticosteroids has been largely ineffective in this disorder. We report a case of ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia that was successfully treated with cyclosporine and high-dose dexamethasone. The patient rapidly responded to immunosuppressive therapy and had a normal hemogram after cessation of immunosuppression. On long-term follow-up, the patient developed a progressive macrocytic anemia. Repeat bone marrow evaluation demonstrated myelodysplasia with erythroid hypoplasia. An associated chromosomal abnormality consisting of a t(3;16) (q21; p13.3) translocation was detected. This is the first report of a chromosomal abnormality associated with ticlopidine induced marrow aplastic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Pullarkat
- The Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Rombauts L, Dear M, Wicks R, Jackson P, Rho H, MacLachlan V, Healy D, Campo R, Gordts S. R-076. Oocyte maturation and the use of caffeine and nicotine. Hum Reprod 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/12.suppl_2.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jackson P, Holden C, Rho H, Leeton J, Rombauts L, de Kretser D, McLachlan R. P-085. Open testicular biopsy for sperm retrieval in men with severe spermatogenic failure. Hum Reprod 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/12.suppl_2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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McLachlan RI, Fuscaldo G, Rho H, Poulos C, Dalrymple J, Jackson P, Holden CA. Clinical results from intracytoplasmic sperm injection at monash IVF. Reprod Fertil Dev 1995; 7:247-53. [PMID: 7480843 DOI: 10.1071/rd9950247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of a modification of the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique on fertilization and pregnancy rates was examined in a retrospective analysis of 171 consecutive ICSI treatment cycles (156 patients). Patients were selected for ICSI on the basis of severe oligoasthenozoospermia (65 patients) or following conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) with failed or poor fertilization (70 patients). Seven patients in which epididymal or testicular sperm was used, 10 patients with sperm antibodies and 4 patients with retrograde ejaculation or who required electro-ejaculation were also treated with ICSI. In the first 105 cycles (102 patients), single sperm, rendered immotile, were injected into the ooplasm of 979 metaphase II (M II) oocytes using an established technique (Method 1). In the following 66 cycles (513 M II oocytes injected), the ICSI procedure was modified by increased aspiration of the oolemma to ensure the intracytoplasmic deposition of sperm (Method 2). The patient groups did not differ between the two injection procedures. The normal (two pronuclear) fertilization rate increased significantly (P < 0.001) from 34.3% with Method 1 to 73.1% with Method 2, with no difference in the oocyte degeneration rate (4.3% v. 4.5% respectively). The incidence of failed fertilization was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced from 17.1% (18 cycles) to 1.6% (1 cycle) with the change in technique. As a consequence of the increased fertilization rates with Method 2, more embryos were available for assessment and transfer, and a pregnancy rate per oocyte retrieval of 21.2% was obtained for Method 2. Fertilization, embryo transfer and pregnancies were obtained in all patient groups treated with ICSI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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McLachlan RI, Fuscaldo G, Calderon I, Lacham-Kaplan O, Poulos C, Rho H, Trounson A, Wood C. Microinjection: choice of embryo transfer technique. Reprod Fertil Dev 1994; 6:57-60; discussion 60-1. [PMID: 8066224 DOI: 10.1071/rd9940057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Subzonal sperm microinjection (SUZI) is indicated in severe oligoasthenozoospermia, in which the total count of motile sperm is inadequate for in vitro fertilization (IVF), and in cases with repeated failure of fertilization. Sperm for microinjection are selected following centrifugation on a Percoll gradient and stimulation with pentoxifylline and 2-deoxyadenosine. Motile sperm (2-10 per egg) are injected into the perivitelline space and fertilized oocytes are then cultured for two days prior to transfer into the Fallopian tube (tubal embryo stage transfer, TEST) or uterus. During 1992, SUZI results showed a total fertilization rate of 30% (19% were 2 pronuclear, 11% were polyspermic), a transfer rate of 55% and pregnancy rates of 15.2% per transfer and 8.3% per cycle. Recent pregnancy data in mild-moderate male factor infertility showed that gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) results were consistently superior to TEST or IVF, suggesting a beneficial effect of the tubal environment on fertilization and early embryonic development. Accordingly, the combination of SUZI followed by the immediate transfer of injected oocytes into the Fallopian tube, the MIFT procedure, was explored. An initial study of 21 consecutive microinjection candidates showed a clinical pregnancy rate of 24% per cycle. Information regarding fertilization and polyspermy rates was available from supernumerary oocytes in 90% of patients. A randomized, controlled trial comparing MIFT with SUZI or TEST in severe male factor infertility is required to confirm the improved pregnancy rate in MIFT cycles.
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