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Piñeros JG, De la Hoz-Valle J, Galvis C, Celis A, Ovalle O, Sandoval CC, Orrego J, Vides S, Rojas I, Bustamante H, Gallón C, Mesa JA. Effectiveness of palivizumab immunoprophylaxis in infants with respiratory syncytial virus disease in Colombia. J Infect Dev Ctries 2021; 15:1708-1713. [PMID: 34898500 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important childhood infections. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of palivizumab immunoprophylaxis in preterm infants at a high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection during the RSV season in Colombia. METHODOLOGY A prospective observational non-comparative multicenter study in six Colombian cities. At the beginning of the RSV infection season, palivizumab prophylaxis, up to five doses, was administered to infants born at ≤32 weeks of gestation, infants younger than six months, infants under one year of age with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), infants one year or less of age with hemodynamically significant acyanotic and non-acyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD), and with follow-up during the immunoprophylaxis until one month after the last dose. RESULTS The study enrolled 600 patients, 91.8% of which were born at ≤ 32 weeks of gestation. BPD was observed in 54.9% of infants. 49% were born at < 32 weeks gestation and presented BPD. 6.9% had hemodynamically significant acyanotic and non-acyanotic CHD 53.3% received three or more doses of palivizumab. The mean interval between doses was 39.6 days. 1.8% of patients were hospitalized due to a confirmed RSV infection. Overall mortality was 1.2%, whereas the mortality by RSV in infants undergoing prophylaxis was 0.2%. CONCLUSIONS Palivizumab was a clinically effective, well-tolerated treatment in the Colombian population. The safety profile of palivizumab reflects the findings from previous studies in developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Oscar Ovalle
- Maternal and Child Clinic, SaludCoop. Bogota Colombia
| | | | | | - Saby Vides
- Coomeva Kangaroo Plan, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Jaime Alberto Mesa
- Comfamiliar Risaralda Clinic, Technological University of Pereira, Colombia
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Caba O, Irigoyen A, Jimenez-Luna C, Benavides M, Ortuño F, Guillen-Ponce C, Rojas I, Aranda Aguilar E, Prados J. Integrative multi-platform meta-analysis of gene expression profiles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients for identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx378.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Florido J, Pomares H, Rojas I, Guillén A, Ortuno F, Urquiza J. An effective, practical and low computational cost framework for the integration of heterogeneous data to predict functional associations between proteins by means of Artificial Neural Networks. Neurocomputing 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ortega-Loayza AG, Ramos W, Gutierrez EL, Jimenez G, Rojas I, Galarza C. Endemic pemphigus foliaceus in the Peruvian Amazon. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:594-600. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Ortega-Loayza
- Department of Dermatology; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond; VA; USA
| | | | - E. L. Gutierrez
- Institute of Clinical Investigation; National University of San Marcos; Lima; Peru
| | - G. Jimenez
- Dermatology Division; Regional and Teaching Hospital Las Mercedes; Lambayeque; Peru
| | - I. Rojas
- Free Public Health Centre; Ucayali Regional Directorate of Health; Pucallpa; Ucayali; Peru
| | - C. Galarza
- Department of Dermatology; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond; VA; USA
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Valenzuela O, Jaramillo D, Rojas I, García I, Rojas F, Rojas P, Delgado-Márquez B, Cepero M. Intelligent decision-making systems for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using MR images. Int J Psychophysiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Urquiza JM, Rojas I, Pomares H, Herrera J, Florido JP, Valenzuela O, Cepero M. Using machine learning techniques and genomic/proteomic information from known databases for defining relevant features for PPI classification. Comput Biol Med 2012; 42:639-50. [PMID: 22575173 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In modern proteomics, prediction of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is a key research line, as these interactions take part in most essential biological processes. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to PPI data classification based on the extraction of genomic and proteomic information from well-known databases and the incorporation of semantic measures. This approach is carried out through the application of data mining techniques and provides very accurate models with high levels of sensitivity and specificity in the classification of PPIs. The well-known support vector machine paradigm is used to learn the models, which will also return a new confidence score which may help expert researchers to filter out and validate new external PPIs. One of the most-widely analyzed organisms, yeast, will be studied. We processed a very high-confidence dataset by extracting up to 26 specific features obtained from the chosen databases, half of them calculated using two new similarity measures proposed in this paper. Then, by applying a filter-wrapper algorithm for feature selection, we obtained a final set composed of the eight most relevant features for predicting PPIs, which was validated by a ROC analysis. The prediction capability of the support vector machine model using these eight features was tested through the evaluation of the predictions obtained in a set of external experimental, computational, and literature-collected datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Urquiza
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Paredes-García V, Rojas I, Venegas-Yazigi D, Spodine E, Resende J, Vaz M, Novak M. cis-[Ni(μ-ox)(H2O)2]∞: Metal organic coordination polymer assembled by oxalate ligand: Structural and magnetic characterization. Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
In function approximation problems, one of the most common ways to evaluate a learning algorithm consists in partitioning the original data set (input/output data) into two sets: learning, used for building models, and test, applied for genuine out-of-sample evaluation. When the partition into learning and test sets does not take into account the variability and geometry of the original data, it might lead to non-balanced and unrepresentative learning and test sets and, thus, to wrong conclusions in the accuracy of the learning algorithm. How the partitioning is made is therefore a key issue and becomes more important when the data set is small due to the need of reducing the pessimistic effects caused by the removal of instances from the original data set. Thus, in this work, we propose a deterministic data mining approach for a distribution of a data set (input/output data) into two representative and balanced sets of roughly equal size taking the variability of the data set into consideration with the purpose of allowing both a fair evaluation of learning's accuracy and to make reproducible machine learning experiments usually based on random distributions. The sets are generated using a combination of a clustering procedure, especially suited for function approximation problems, and a distribution algorithm which distributes the data set into two sets within each cluster based on a nearest-neighbor approach. In the experiments section, the performance of the proposed methodology is reported in a variety of situations through an ANOVA-based statistical study of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Florido
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, CITIC-UGR, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, Spain.
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Urquiza J, Rojas I, Pomares H, Herrera L, Ortega J, Prieto A. Method for prediction of protein–protein interactions in yeast using genomics/proteomics information and feature selection. Neurocomputing 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2011.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Guillen A, Herrera L, Rubio G, Pomares H, Lendasse A, Rojas I. New method for instance or prototype selection using mutual information in time series prediction. Neurocomputing 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2009.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Guillén A, del Moral FG, Herrera LJ, Rubio G, Rojas I, Valenzuela O, Pomares H. Using near-infrared spectroscopy in the classification of white and iberian pork with neural networks. Neural Comput Appl 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-009-0327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Valenzuela A, Nieto S, Sanhueza J, Morgado N, Rojas I, Zañartu P. Supplementing female rats with DHA-lysophosphatidylcholine increases docosahexaenoic acid and acetylcholine contents in the brain and improves the memory and learning capabilities of the pups. Grasas y Aceites 2009. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.053709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Urquiza JM, Rojas I, Pomares H, Florido JP, Rubio G, Herrera LJ, Calvo JC, Ortega J. Method for Prediction of Protein-Protein Interactions in Yeast Using Genomics/Proteomics Information and Feature Selection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02478-8_107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Rojas I, Valenzuela O, Rojas F, Guillen A, Herrera L, Pomares H, Marquez L, Pasadas M. Soft-computing techniques and ARMA model for time series prediction. Neurocomputing 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2007.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Herrera L, Pomares H, Rojas I, Guillén A, Prieto A, Valenzuela O. Recursive prediction for long term time series forecasting using advanced models. Neurocomputing 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2006.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Guillén A, González J, Rojas I, Pomares H, Herrera L, Valenzuela O, Prieto A. Using fuzzy logic to improve a clustering technique for function approximation. Neurocomputing 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2006.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Herrera L, Pomares H, Rojas I, Guillén A, González J, Awad M, Herrera A. Multigrid-based fuzzy systems for time series prediction: CATS competition. Neurocomputing 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2006.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sánchez IH, Larraza MI, Flores HJ, Rojas I, Alcalá R. Sceletium (Aizoaceae) Alkaloids: Total Synthesis of Racemic Mesembranone, Mesembrenone, O-Methylsceletenone and O-Methyl Dihydrosceletenone. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397918308061956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Caesarean section rates in Chile are reported to be as high as 60% in some populations. The purpose of this study was to determine pregnant Chilean women's preferences towards mode of delivery. DESIGN Interviewer-administered cross-sectional survey. SETTING Prenatal clinics in Santiago, Chile. Population Pregnant women in Santiago, Chile. METHODS Of 180 women completing the questionnaire, 90 were interviewed at a private clinic (caesarean delivery rate 60%) and 90 were interviewed at a public clinic (cesarean delivery rate 22%). Data collected included demographics, preferred mode of delivery, and women's attitudes towards vaginal and caesarean deliveries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mode of delivery preferences, perceptions of mode of delivery measured on a 1-7 Likert scale. RESULTS The majority of women (77.8%) preferred vaginal delivery, 9.4% preferred caesarean section, and 12.8% had no preference. There was no statistical difference in preference between the public clinic (11% preferred caesarean) and the private clinic (8% preferred caesarean, P= 0.74). Overall, women preferring caesarean birth were slightly older than other groups (31.6 years, versus 28.4 years for women who preferred vaginal and 27.3 years for women who had no preference, P= 0.05), but there were otherwise no differences in parity, income, or education. On a scale of 1-7, women preferring caesarean birth rated vaginal birth as more painful, while women preferring vaginal birth rated it as less painful (5.8 versus 3.7, P= 0.003). Whether vaginal or caesarean, each group felt that their preferred mode of delivery was safer for their baby (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Chilean women do not prefer caesarean section to vaginal delivery, even in a practice setting where caesarean delivery is more prevalent. Thus, women's preferences is unlikely to be the most significant factor driving the high caesarean rates in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C E Angeja
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Herrera LJ, Pomares H, Rojas I, Verleysen M, Guilén A. Effective Input Variable Selection for Function Approximation. Artificial Neural Networks – ICANN 2006 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/11840817_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Duconge J, Prats PA, Valenzuela C, Aguilera A, Rojas I, Becquer MA, Alvarez D, Estrada L, Alfonso-Ortíz S, Hardy-Rando E, García-Pulpeiro O, Fernández-Sánchez E. Topical disposition of two strengths of a 125I-rhEGF jelly in rat skin wounds. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2004; 25:193-201. [PMID: 15248188 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors have proved to be an effective therapeutic strategy. However, some controversies have arisen concerning their efficacy in topical wound treatments. Stabilization of epidermal growth factors at the wound site and long-lasting receptor occupancy are important factors for wound repair. This study evaluated the cumulative profiles of two jellies containing 10 or 20 microg of 125I-rhEGF per gram of jelly, in a rat full-thickness skin lesion model. The prolonged time-courses at the wound sites for both strengths compared with saline solutions previously evaluated using a similar skin lesion model are reported. It seems that these two topical formulations that provide more sustained amounts of 125I-rhEGF over the period of sampling, would probably achieve the required wound healing response in terms of cell proliferation, collagen deposition and protein synthesis. Further studies need to be developed in order to elucidate whether such an in vivo disposition pattern is consistent with an earlier and stronger promotion of wound healing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duconge
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy and Foods, University of Havana, Ave 23 and 222, La Coronela, Havana 36, CP 13600, Cuba.
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Marcheco B, Bertoli AM, Rojas I, Heredero L. Attitudes and knowledge about presymptomatic genetic testing among individuals at high risk for familial, early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Genet Test 2003; 7:45-7. [PMID: 12820702 DOI: 10.1089/109065703321560930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted in a large Cuban family with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fifty-six first-degree relatives of familial cases with AD were interviewed concerning their clinical and genetic knowledge about AD and their attitudes toward the possible use of presymptomatic genetic testing of AD. The individuals had only limited knowledge about their personal risk of developing AD. All 56 family members would use presymptomatic testing to know their own risk of AD. Confronted with a hypothetical reproductive choice, 50% would choose not to have children if they themselves had the mutation. A positive prenatal test would lead 48.2% of the participants to have an abortion, and 19.7% would continue the pregnancy regardless of the positive test result.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Marcheco
- Higher Institute of Medical Science, National Center of Medical Genetics, Havana, Cuba.
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Gonzalez J, Rojas I, Ortega J, Pomares H, Fernandez J, Diaz A. Multiobjective evolutionary optimization of the size, shape, and position parameters of radial basis function networks for function approximation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 14:1478-95. [DOI: 10.1109/tnn.2003.820657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sepulveda W, Rojas I, Robert JA, Schnapp C, Alcalde JL. Prenatal detection of velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord: a prospective color Doppler ultrasound study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003; 21:564-569. [PMID: 12808673 DOI: 10.1002/uog.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord, with a reported incidence of 1% in singleton pregnancies, has been associated with several obstetric complications including fetal growth restriction, prematurity, congenital anomalies, low Apgar scores, fetal bleeding and retained placenta. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of identifying velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord during routine obstetric ultrasound. DESIGN This was a prospective, cross-sectional ultrasound study in 832 unselected second- and third-trimester singleton pregnancies. Color Doppler ultrasound was routinely performed to identify the placental cord insertion site. The role of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in evaluating the placental cord insertion site was also studied in a subset of 50 pregnancies from this population. RESULTS The placental cord insertion site was identified in 825/832 (99%) cases. Visualization was not achieved in seven third-trimester pregnancies with a posterior placenta. A velamentous insertion was suspected prenatally in eight cases, seven of which were confirmed after delivery as velamentous and one as markedly eccentric (battledore placenta). 3D ultrasound performed poorly at evaluating placental cord insertion site, being less efficient due to poor-quality resolution and far more time-consuming than the combined use of gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS Velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord can reliably be detected prenatally by gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasound. 3D imaging had limited value in the evaluation of the placental cord insertion site in our subset of patients. Systematic assessment of the placental cord insertion site at routine obstetric ultrasound has the potential of identifying pregnancies with velamentous insertion and, therefore, those at risk for obstetric complications including vasa previa.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sepulveda
- Fetal Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
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Bernal F, Shams'ili S, Rojas I, Sanchez-Valle R, Saiz A, Dalmau J, Honnorat J, Sillevis Smitt P, Graus F. Anti-Tr antibodies as markers of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and Hodgkin's disease. Neurology 2003; 60:230-4. [PMID: 12552036 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000041495.87539.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary studies suggested that anti-Tr antibodies identify patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) and Hodgkin disease (HD). OBJECTIVE To extend the clinical-immunologic analysis to 28 patients with anti-Tr antibodies. METHODS Anti-Tr antibodies were detected by immunohistochemistry. A competitive inhibition assay was used to ascertain if anti-Tr antibodies of different sera identify common epitopes. Anti-Tr immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass distribution was determined by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against human IgG isotypes. Tr immunoreactivity was analyzed in tumor sections using biotinylated anti-Tr IgG. RESULTS Median age of the 28 patients was 61 years (range 14 to 75 years) and 22 were male. A cerebellar syndrome was present in 27 patients and a possible limbic encephalitis in one. HD was diagnosed in 25 patients. No tumor was found in three patients; the autopsy of one of them disclosed severe loss of Purkinje cells without inflammatory infiltrates. Anti-Tr antibodies spontaneously disappeared in all patients without tumor and in 10/10 patients after successful HD treatment. Anti-Tr antibodies were absent in the serum but positive in the CSF of two patients. All positive anti-Tr sera inhibited the immunoreactivity of biotinylated anti-Tr IgG. The predominant isotypes of anti-Tr were IgG1 and IgG3. Only 1 out of the 15 HD samples studied presented anti-Tr positivity that was localized in some Reed-Sternberg cells. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the strong association between anti-Tr antibodies and PCD associated with HD. Anti-Tr antibodies from different patients recognize similar epitopes. Unlike other antineuronal antibodies, anti-Tr antibodies can be detected in the CSF but not in the serum and may spontaneously disappear during the follow-up, and Tr immunoreactivity is usually lacking in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bernal
- Service of Neurology and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain
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Castillo-Valdivieso P, Merelo J, Prieto A, Rojas I, Romero G. Statistical analysis of the parameters of a neuro-genetic algorithm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002; 13:1374-94. [DOI: 10.1109/tnn.2002.804281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Rojas I, Gomis R, Casals E, Quintó LI, Franco C, Novials A. Polymorphism in intron 2 of islet amyloid polypeptide gene is associated with lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in nondiabetic subjects and in type 2 diabetic patients. Endocrine 2002; 19:185-9. [PMID: 12588049 DOI: 10.1385/endo:19:2:185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of mutations in the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) gene in a Spanish population with type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Using polymerase chain reaction single-stranded conformation polymorphism, we examined the coding region and the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the IAPP gene in 177 unrelated type 2 diabetic patients, 110 healthy control subjects, 38 women with GDM, and 38 gestational control subjects. Mutations were confirmed by DNA sequencing. A heterozygous C-to-A nucleotide substitution at +79 bp in intron 2 of the IAPP gene was detected. The frequencies of the +79-bp polymorphism (A allele) were 6.8% in type 2 diabetic patients, 7.7% in nondiabetic control subjects, 11.8% in women with GDM, and 9.2% in gestational control subjects. No AA genotypes were detected. Nondiabetic subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes bearing the CA genotype had lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels than subjects bearing wild genotype. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an independent association (p < 0.001; odds ratio: 0.33; 95% confidence interval: 0.17-0.63). We did not detect any sequence variant within exons 1 or 2. One diabetic patient was heterozygous for a silent mutation at codon 31 of exon 3 (Asn31 AAC --> AAT). Our findings indicate that the presence of the +79-bp polymorphism of the IAPP gene in nondiabetic subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with lower levels of LDL cholesterol. Furthermore, abnormalities of the coding regions or the 5'-UTR of the IAPP gene are not associated with type 2 diabetes or GDM in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rojas
- Diabetes Institute, Fundació Sardà Farriol, Barcelona, Spain
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Rojas I, Gonzalez J, Pomares H, Merelo J, Castillo P, Romero G. Statistical analysis of the main parameters involved in the design of a genetic algorithm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1109/tsmcc.2002.1009128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rojas I, Pomares H, Bernier J, Ortega J, Pino B, Pelayo F, Prieto A. Time series analysis using normalized PG-RBF network with regression weights. Neurocomputing 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0925-2312(01)00338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Novials A, Rojas I, Casamitjana R, Usac EF, Gomis R. A novel mutation in islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) gene promoter is associated with Type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2001; 44:1064-5. [PMID: 11484088 DOI: 10.1007/s001250100599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Carreño P, Rosas A, Rojas I. [Intravenous multi vitamin formulation to use in pediatric total parenteral nutrition]. Rev Med Chil 2001; 129:905-10. [PMID: 11680964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No intravenous multivitamin formulation is available at the Chilean market that fulfills the requirements of pediatric patients on total parenteral nutrition. Therefore, adult formulations must be used. AIM To prepare a parenteral aqueous multivitamin solution, to be used in pediatric patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The solution was prepared, mixing vitamins according to their stability and compatibility, in a horizontal laminar flow hood. The quality control for this formulation at times zero and 30 days consisted of an organoleptic analysis, microbiologic and pyrogen controls and vitamin quantification. In addition, the effect of vitamin solution incorporation on the stability of total parenteral nutrition formulae was evaluated. The approximated production cost was calculated. RESULTS The ampoules did not show changes on the organoleptic characteristics. No bacterial contamination or pyrogens were detected. Total parenteral nutrition solutions were not modified after the incorporation of the vitamins. The vitamin solution was stable for one month at 4 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS The manufacture of this formulation results in significant savings, because it has a low manufacturing cost and fulfills pediatric requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Carreño
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Hospital Dr Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile.
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Abstract
MOTIVATION A large amount of data on metabolic pathways is available in databases. The ability to visualise the complex data dynamically would be useful for building more powerful research tools to access the databases. Metabolic pathways are typically modelled as graphs in which nodes represent chemical compounds, and edges represent chemical reactions between compounds. Thus, the problem of visualising pathways can be formulated as a graph layout problem. Currently available visual interfaces to biochemical databases either use static images or cannot cope well with more complex, non-standard pathways. RESULTS This paper presents a new algorithm for drawing pathways which uses a combination of circular, hierarchic and force-directed graph layout algorithms to compute positions of the graph elements representing main compounds and reactions. The algorithm is particularly designed for cyclic or partially cyclic pathways or for combinations of complex pathways. It has been tested on five sample pathways with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Becker
- Scientific Databases and Visualization Group, European Media Laboratory, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 33, D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Rojas I, Gonzalez J, Pomares H, Rojas F, Fernández F, Prieto A. Multidimensional and multideme genetic algorithms for the construction of fuzzy systems. Int J Approx Reason 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0888-613x(00)00070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Biarnésa J, Rojas I, Fernández-Castañer M, Nunes V, Gómez M, Ricart W. [Analysis of mutations A3243G, C3256T and mitochondrial deletions in 41 diabetic patients]. Med Clin (Barc) 2001; 116:292-3. [PMID: 11333748 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(01)71803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations or deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) define a new diabetes subtype. PATIENTS AND METHOD The A3243G and C3256T mutations and mtDNA deletions were studied in 41 diabetic patients with maternally inherited diabetes mellitus or deafness. RESULTS The A3243G mutation was found in one out of forty-one diabetic patients (2.4%). Neither the C3256T mutation nor mtDNA deletions were detected. CONCLUSIONS The search of A3243G mutation has to be considered in a diabetic patient with deafness and/or maternal history of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Biarnésa
- Departamento de Genética Médica y Molecular. IRO. Hospital Duran i Reynals. Barcelona.
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Bernier JL, Ortega J, Ros E, Rojas I, Prieto A. A quantitative study of fault tolerance, noise immunity, and generalization ability of MLPs. Neural Comput 2000; 12:2941-64. [PMID: 11112261 DOI: 10.1162/089976600300014782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
An analysis of the influence of weight and input perturbations in a multilayer perceptron (MLP) is made in this article. Quantitative measurements of fault tolerance, noise immunity, and generalization ability are provided. From the expressions obtained, it is possible to justify some previously reported conjectures and experimentally obtained results (e.g., the influence of weight magnitudes, the relation between training with noise and the generalization ability, the relation between fault tolerance and the generalization ability). The measurements introduced here are explicitly related to the mean squared error degradation in the presence of perturbations, thus constituting a selection criterion between different alternatives of weight configurations. Moreover, they allow us to predict the degradation of the learning performance of an MLP when its weights or inputs are deviated from their nominal values and thus, the behavior of a physical implementation can be evaluated before the weights are mapped on it according to its accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- JL Bernier
- Departamento de Arquitectura y Tecnologia de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Rojas I, Gonzalez J, Cañas A, Diaz AF, Rojas FJ, Rodriguez M. Short-term prediction of chaotic time series by using RBF network with regression weights. Int J Neural Syst 2000; 10:353-64. [PMID: 11195935 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065700000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We propose a framework for constructing and training a radial basis function (RBF) neural network. The structure of the gaussian functions is modified using a pseudo-gaussian function (PG) in which two scaling parameters sigma are introduced, which eliminates the symmetry restriction and provides the neurons in the hidden layer with greater flexibility with respect to function approximation. We propose a modified PG-BF (pseudo-gaussian basis function) network in which the regression weights are used to replace the constant weights in the output layer. For this purpose, a sequential learning algorithm is presented to adapt the structure of the network, in which it is possible to create a new hidden unit and also to detect and remove inactive units. A salient feature of the network systems is that the method used for calculating the overall output is the weighted average of the output associated with each receptive field. The superior performance of the proposed PG-BF system over the standard RBF are illustrated using the problem of short-term prediction of chaotic time series.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rojas
- Department of Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Spain.
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38
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Rojas I, Graus F, Keime-Guibert F, Reñé R, Delattre JY, Ramón JM, Dalmau J, Posner JB. Long-term clinical outcome of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and anti-Yo antibodies. Neurology 2000; 55:713-5. [PMID: 10980743 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.55.5.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcome of 34 women with anti-Yo-associated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration was reviewed. Three patients had not developed cancer after more than 4 years of follow-up. The only independent predictor for survival was the type of associated tumor (risk ratio, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.02 to 3.12). Median survival was 100 months for patients with breast cancer and 22 for those with gynecologic cancer. Although paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration leads to the diagnosis of cancer in 63% of the patients, cancer progression was the cause of death in 52%.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rojas
- Services of Neurology, Ciutat Sanitaria Universitaria de Bellvitge, Hospitalet, Spain
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Lantigua-Cruz A, Mora F, Arechaederra M, Rojas I, Morales E, Rodríguez H, Viñas C, Noa CE, Barrios B. Etiological Characterization of 512 Severely Mentally Retarded Institutionalized Patients in Havana. Public Health Genomics 2000; 2:184-9. [PMID: 14960840 DOI: 10.1159/000016210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate etiological factors in severe mental retardation (SMR). METHODS An etiological study is presented of 512 SMR patients in five specialized institutions in Havana. RESULTS Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal causes were apparent in 58.0, 24.8 and 11.1% of the patients, respectively; infantile psychosis was determined in only 0.4%. The remaining 5.6% were classified as having SMR of undeterminable origin, i.e. patients with apparently normal pre-, peri- and postnatal histories who had neither dysmorphism nor affected first-degree relatives, and had a normal karyotype and metabolic screen. Among prenatal causes, genetic factors were the most frequent (82.8%), while environmental factors were apparent in only 5.3% of these cases. Of the cases with prenatal genetic etiology, chromosomal aberrations were present in 86.5% (Down syndrome 96.2% and 3.7% other chromosomal aberrations), monogenic disorders in 11.3% [neurocutaneous diseases (32.1%) and fragile X syndrome (25%) were the most frequent], and multifactorial disorders in 2.0%. Thirty-five patients (11.7%) presented multiple congenital anomalies of 'prenatal unknown' causes. The latter group may include unidentifiable chromosomal aberrations, uniparental disomy, de novo mutations and multifactorial or teratogenic factors. CONCLUSION Accurate determination of the etiology of SMR is important not only for genetic counseling purposes, but also in identifying prenatal events which make infants more vulnerable to perinatal risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lantigua-Cruz
- National Center of Medical Genetics, Higher Institute of Medical Sciences, Havana, Cuba
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Pomares H, Rojas I, Ortega J, Gonzalez J, Prieto A. A systematic approach to a self-generating fuzzy rule-table for function approximation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000; 30:431-47. [PMID: 18252375 DOI: 10.1109/3477.846232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Pomares
- Dept. de Arquitectura y Tecnologia de Computadores, Granada Univ
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Muñoz V, Sauvain M, Bourdy G, Callapa J, Rojas I, Vargas L, Tae A, Deharo E. The search for natural bioactive compounds through a multidisciplinary approach in Bolivia. Part II. Antimalarial activity of some plants used by Mosetene indians. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 69:139-155. [PMID: 10687870 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Forty-six different species collected in the Mosetene ethnia, dwelling in the Andean Piedmont of Bolivia, were screened for antimalarial properties. Thirty-three extracts were screened for antimalarial activity in vitro on Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistant strain (Indo), and forty-seven extracts were evaluated in vivo on the rodent malaria P. vinckei petteri 279BY. Only two plants are specifically used in combination by the Mosetene against malaria attack (Hymenachne donacifolia and Tesseria integrifolia), but they did not display any activity in vivo at 1000 mg/kg. The in vivo most active extracts were Swietenia macrophylla bark, Trema micrantha bark and Triplaris americana bark, not all of them were used for antimalarial purposes by the Mosetene. The following extracts were moderately active: Jacaratia digitata inner bark and Momordica charantia aerial part (both traditionally used as febrifuge), Kalanchoe pinnate aerial part (used in inflammatory processes), Lunania parviflora twigs and leaves, Phyllanthus acuminatus (used as piscicide), Tynanthus schumannianus fruit (used against diarrhoea), Triumfetta semitrilobata (used as febrifuge, to alleviate kidney and gynecological pain) and finally Solanum mammosum fruit (used against scabies). We present here the results of this screening, emphazing on the in vivo antimalarial activity of the selected plants. The antimalarial in vivo activity of the selected species, in relation with their traditional Mosetene use is then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Muñoz
- Instituto Boliviano de Biologia Andina, Casilla, La Paz, Bolivia
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42
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Muñoz V, Sauvain M, Bourdy G, Callapa J, Bergeron S, Rojas I, Bravo JA, Balderrama L, Ortiz B, Gimenez A, Deharo E. A search for natural bioactive compounds in Bolivia through a multidisciplinary approach. Part I. Evaluation of the antimalarial activity of plants used by the Chacobo Indians. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 69:127-137. [PMID: 10687869 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thirty extracts of plants traditionally used by the Chacobos, a native community living in the Amazonian part of Bolivia, were screened in vitro and/or in vivo for antimalarial activity. Two of the four species designated as antimalarial, Geissospermum laeve and Maquira coriacea, displayed rather good activity, corroborating their traditional uses. However, they did show a rather high toxicity in vivo. Among twelve species used to cure symptoms relevant to malaria, five showed good activity: Apuleia leiocarpa, Bauhinia guianensis, Nectandra cuspidata, Sparattanthelium amazonum, Tanaecium jaroba. Two species, Qualea paraensis and Sclerolobium aff. guianense, used to treat scabies, showed interesting antimalarial activity in vivo; three other species (Iryanthera laevis, Prunus amplifolia, Pterocarpus aff. amazonum) used for various medicinal purposes, apparently not related with a Plasmodium infection, also showed antimalarial activity. Finally, one species (Derris amazonica) used as a piscicide displayed good in vitro activity, in the same way as one Annonaceae, Guatteria aff. schomburgkiana, used for construction purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Muñoz
- Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia
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43
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46
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Abstract
This paper shows a quantitative relation between the regularization techniques, the generalization ability, and the sensitivity of the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) to input noise. Although many studies about these topics have been presented, in most cases only one of the problems is addressed, and only experimentally obtained evidence is provided to illustrate some kind of correlation between generalization, noise immunity and the use of regularization techniques to obtain a set of weights after training that provides the corresponding MLP with generalization ability and noise immunity. Here, a new measurement of noise immunity for a MLP is presented. This measurement, which is termed Mean Squared Sensitivity (MSS), explicitly evaluates the Mean Squared Error (MSE) degradation of a MLP when it is perturbed by input noise, and can be computed from the statistical sensitivities (previously proposed) of the output neurons. The MSS provides an accurate evaluation of the MLP performance loss when its inputs are perturbed by noise and can also be considered a measurement of the smoothness of the error surface with respect to the inputs. Thus, as the MSS can be used to evaluate the noise immunity or the generalization ability, it gives a criterion to select among different weight configurations that present a similar MSE after training.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Bernier
- Dpto. Arquitectura y Tecnologia de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, Spain.
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47
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Abstract
Stimulus correlation and adaptive movement detection, among other tasks can be performed with VLSI general-purpose neurons that have controllable steady and transient responses. This paper presents experimental results of simple neural primitives based on the CMOS neuron approach described in [11]. Stimulus correlation experiments illustrate the well defined behavior of the CMOS approach. This basic primitive is used to implement motion detectors with adaptive capabilities that enable it to work efficiently in a wide velocity range.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ros
- Department of Architecture and Technology of Computers, University of Granada, Spain.
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Rojas I, Pomares H, Pelayo F, Anguita M, Ros E, Prieto A. New methodology for the development of adaptive and self-learning fuzzy controllers in real time. Int J Approx Reason 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0888-613x(99)00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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49
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Muñoz V, Sauvain M, Mollinedo P, Callapa J, Rojas I, Gimenez A, Valentin A, Mallié M. Antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of (-)-roemrefidine isolated from the stem bark of Sparattanthelium amazonum. Planta Med 1999; 65:448-449. [PMID: 10418333 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-960808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Roemrefidine, an aporphine alkaloid isolated from Sparattanthelium amazonum Martius (Hernandiaceae) a vine from Bolivia, has been found to be active against both resistant and sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and against P. berghei in mice. The compound demonstrated no cytotoxic activity against three cell lines (KB, HEp-2 and HeLa).
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Gómez Zaera M, Barrientos A, Arias L, Rojas I, Arruga J, Estivill X, Casademont J, Nunes V. [An analysis of 6 Leber mutations in 31 individuals with optic atrophy. A study of its transmission in 5 families]. Med Clin (Barc) 1999; 112:326-9. [PMID: 10220763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial disorder that represents the most frequent cause of visual loss among otherwise healthy young men. PATIENTS AND METHODS We have screened for the most important LHON mutations (primary mutations) and several other previously described mutations (secondary mutations) in 31 Spanish patients suffering from optic atrophy. These individuals fulfilled the clinical criteria for LHON. We have compared the mutation frequencies obtained with those reported in several other countries. We have also followed the segregation of the disease and its associated LHON mutations in five families. The screening has been performed by PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestions and electrophoretic separation. RESULTS 67.75% of the patients did not harbour any of the studied mutations, whereas 16.13% showed one mutation and the remaining 16.13% carried two Leber mutations in their mitochondrial DNA. The three primary mutations as well as G15257A were the changes most frequently detected (30% each of them). There were no significant differences among the compared populations in terms of frequencies of the primary mutations. In contrast, our patients showed a significantly higher rate of 15257 mutation. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of primary LHON mutations among the Spanish patients is not statistically different from those observed in other Caucasian populations. Transmission of the mutation to the progeny is not necessarily linked to the transmission of the disease. This fact complicates genetic counselling and makes prenatal diagnosis almost impossible for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gómez Zaera
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular, IRO, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona
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