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Bae J, Butt A, Labinoti R, Driver I, Malik A. Innovative intraoperative strategies for optimizing postoperative outcomes in robotic or laparoscopically assisted surgery - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2024. [PMID: 38468131 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- James Bae
- Ipswich Hospital, Colorectal Surgery, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | - Alfred Butt
- Ipswich Hospital, Colorectal Surgery, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | - Roland Labinoti
- Ipswich Hospital, Colorectal Surgery, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | - Ian Driver
- Ipswich Hospital, Colorectal Surgery, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | - Arshad Malik
- Ipswich Hospital, Colorectal Surgery, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
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2
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Abualnaja Y, Driver I, Malik A. Rectal circular stapler anastomosis: A crossover-free, dog-earless technique. Colorectal Dis 2024; 26:570-571. [PMID: 38302691 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Driver
- Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, ESNEFT, Ipswich, UK
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3
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Woodward OB, Driver I, Hart E, Wise R. In search of a marker of altered cerebrovascular function in hypertension: Analysis of the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in UK Biobank resting state fMRI data. Cereb Circ Cogn Behav 2023; 6:100196. [PMID: 38179182 PMCID: PMC10765253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The selfish brain mechanism proposes that in some patients with impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) or cerebrovascular function, hypertension may develop as a compensatory mechanism that aims to maintain CBF by increasing systemic blood pressure through an increase in cardiovascular sympathetic tone. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the resting state blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI signal has been previously posited as an index of cerebrovascular reactivity. We investigated whether regional fractional ALFF (fALFF) differs between 2054 hypertensives and 1724 normotensives using data from the UK Biobank dataset. Our primary hypothesis was that cerebrovascular function in the medulla and other regions involved in sympathetic regulation differs between hypertensives and normotensives, and that this is reflected by regional variations in fALFF. There is a significant regional variation in fALFF (F(14) =1126.17, p < 2 × 10-16, partial η2 = 0.22), but this regional variation does not differ between hypertensives and normotensives (F(14) = 0.23, p = 0.99, partial η2 = 8 × 10-5). Prospective longitudinal studies of cerebral haemodynamics in hypertensives and normotensives are required to further investigate the selfish brain mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Driver
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Hart
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Wise
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Lancaster T, Creese B, Escott-Price V, Driver I, Menzies G, Khan Z, Corbett A, Ballard C, Williams J, Murphy K, Chandler H. Proof-of-concept recall-by-genotype study of extremely low and high Alzheimer's polygenic risk reveals autobiographical deficits and cingulate cortex correlates. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:213. [PMID: 38087383 PMCID: PMC10714651 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies demonstrate that Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a highly polygenic architecture, where thousands of independent genetic variants explain risk with high classification accuracy. This AD polygenic risk score (AD-PRS) has been previously linked to preclinical cognitive and neuroimaging features observed in asymptomatic individuals. However, shared variance between AD-PRS and neurocognitive features are small, suggesting limited preclinical utility. METHODS Here, we recruited sixteen clinically asymptomatic individuals (mean age 67; range 58-76) with either extremely low / high AD-PRS (defined as at least 2 standard deviations from the wider sample mean (N = 4504; N EFFECTIVE = 90)) with comparable age sex and education level. We assessed group differences in autobiographical memory and T1-weighted structural neuroimaging features. RESULTS We observed marked reductions in autobiographical recollection (Cohen's d = - 1.66; P FDR = 0.014) and midline structure (cingulate) thickness (Cohen's d = - 1.55, P FDR = 0.05), with no difference in hippocampal volume (P > 0.3). We further confirm the negative association between AD-PRS and cingulate thickness in a larger study with a comparable age (N = 31,966, β = - 0.002, P = 0.011), supporting the validity of our approach. CONCLUSIONS These observations conform with multiple streams of prior evidence suggesting alterations in cingulate structures may occur in individuals with higher AD genetic risk. We were able to use a genetically informed research design strategy that significantly improved the efficiency and power of the study. Thus, we further demonstrate that the recall-by-genotype of AD-PRS from wider samples is a promising approach for the detection, assessment, and intervention in specific individuals with increased AD genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lancaster
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Dementia Research Institute (UKDRI), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Byron Creese
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, west London, UK
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian Driver
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Georgina Menzies
- Dementia Research Institute (UKDRI), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Zunera Khan
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Anne Corbett
- Deptartment of Health & Community Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Julie Williams
- Dementia Research Institute (UKDRI), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kevin Murphy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hannah Chandler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Woodward OB, Driver I, Schwarz ST, Hart E, Wise R. Assessment of brainstem function and haemodynamics by MRI: challenges and clinical prospects. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20220940. [PMID: 37721043 PMCID: PMC10607409 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20220940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MRI offers techniques for non-invasively measuring a range of aspects of brain tissue function. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used to assess neural activity, based on the brain's haemodynamic response, while arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI is a non-invasive method of quantitatively mapping cerebral perfusion. Both techniques can be applied to measure cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), an important marker of the health of the cerebrovascular system. BOLD, ASL and CVR have been applied to study a variety of disease processes and are already used in certain clinical circumstances. The brainstem is a critical component of the central nervous system and is implicated in a variety of disease processes. However, its function is difficult to study using MRI because of its small size and susceptibility to physiological noise. In this article, we review the physical and biological underpinnings of BOLD and ASL and their application to measure CVR, discuss the challenges associated with applying them to the brainstem and the opportunities for brainstem MRI in the research and clinical settings. With further optimisation, functional MRI techniques could feasibly be used to assess brainstem haemodynamics and neural activity in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Bleddyn Woodward
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Driver
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emma Hart
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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6
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Wang S, Li K, Pickholz E, Dobie R, Matchett KP, Henderson NC, Carrico C, Driver I, Jensen MB, Chen L, Petitjean M, Bhattacharya D, Fiel MI, Liu X, Kisseleva T, Alon U, Adler M, Medzhitov R, Friedman SL. An autocrine signaling circuit in hepatic stellate cells underlies advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd3949. [PMID: 36599008 PMCID: PMC10686705 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced hepatic fibrosis, driven by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), affects millions worldwide and is the strongest predictor of mortality in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, there are no approved antifibrotic therapies. To identify antifibrotic drug targets, we integrated progressive transcriptomic and morphological responses that accompany HSC activation in advanced disease using single-nucleus RNA sequencing and tissue clearing in a robust murine NASH model. In advanced fibrosis, we found that an autocrine HSC signaling circuit emerged that was composed of 68 receptor-ligand interactions conserved between murine and human NASH. These predicted interactions were supported by the parallel appearance of markedly increased direct stellate cell-cell contacts in murine NASH. As proof of principle, pharmacological inhibition of one such autocrine interaction, neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3-neurotrophin 3, inhibited human HSC activation in culture and reversed advanced murine NASH fibrosis. In summary, we uncovered a repertoire of antifibrotic drug targets underlying advanced fibrosis in vivo. The findings suggest a therapeutic paradigm in which stage-specific therapies could yield enhanced antifibrotic efficacy in patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kenneth Li
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eliana Pickholz
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ross Dobie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kylie P. Matchett
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Neil C. Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - Ian Driver
- Gordian Biotechnology, San Francisco CA, 94107, USA
| | | | - Li Chen
- PharmaNest, Inc, Princeton NJ, 08540, USA
| | | | - Dipankar Bhattacharya
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY, 10029, USA
| | - Maria I. Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093, USA
| | - Uri Alon
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Miri Adler
- Tananbaum Center for Theoretical and Analytical Human Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06510, USA
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY, 10029, USA
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7
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Lu DR, Wu H, Driver I, Ingersoll S, Sohn S, Wang S, Li CM, Phee H. Dynamic changes in the regulatory T-cell heterogeneity and function by murine IL-2 mutein. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/5/e201900520. [PMID: 32269069 PMCID: PMC7156283 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals that IL-2 mutein treatment expands multiple sub-states of regulatory T cells with superior suppressive function in mice. The therapeutic expansion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) shows promise for treating autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Yet, how this treatment affects the heterogeneity and function of Tregs is not clear. Using single-cell RNA-seq analysis, we characterized 31,908 Tregs from the mice treated with a half-life extended mutant form of murine IL-2 (IL-2 mutein, IL-2M) that preferentially expanded Tregs, or mouse IgG Fc as a control. Cell clustering analysis revealed that IL-2M specifically expands multiple sub-states of Tregs with distinct expression profiles. TCR profiling with single-cell analysis uncovered Treg migration across tissues and transcriptional changes between clonally related Tregs after IL-2M treatment. Finally, we identified IL-2M–expanded Tnfrsf9+Il1rl1+ Tregs with superior suppressive function, highlighting the potential of IL-2M to expand highly suppressive Foxp3+ Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Lu
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Oncology and Inflammation, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ian Driver
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Ingersoll
- Department of Oncology and Inflammation, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sue Sohn
- Department of Oncology and Inflammation, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Songli Wang
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Ming Li
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hyewon Phee
- Department of Oncology and Inflammation, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Skrzypczynska KM, O'Brien SA, Belmontes B, Tan H, Orf J, Lu D, Driver I, Egen JG. Abstract A71: Resistance mechanisms limiting the immunostimulatory and antitumor activity of anti-CSF-1 receptor-mediated macrophage depletion. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm18-a71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are present within the stroma of most solid tumors where they contribute to disease progression through production of tumor and angiogenic growth factors, extracellular matrix remodeling, and suppression of immune responses. As such, depletion of tumor-associated macrophages, for instance through the use of blocking antibodies against the CSF-1 receptor (CSF1R), has been widely explored as a therapeutic approach to both inhibit tumor growth/metastasis and stimulate antitumor immune responses. In the context of immunotherapy, multiple preclinical murine studies have demonstrated that anti-CSF1R meditated macrophage depletion can promote antitumor T-cell responses, synergizing with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, such as PD1 blockade, and leading to tumor regression. However, some tumor models appear resistant to these beneficial effects of CSF1R blockade. In order to define potential mechanisms of resistance to CSF1R inhibitors, we evaluated the effects of anti-CSF1R treatment in mice bearing subcutaneous Renca renal cell adenocarcinoma tumors. Despite robust macrophage depletion, this model shows only a modest decrease in tumor volume and minimal effector T-cell recruitment or activation in response to anti-CSF1R therapy. Comprehensive flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping and single-cell RNA sequencing on immune cells isolated from anti-CSF1R- and isotype control-treated Renca tumors revealed shifts in gene expression patterns related to vascular remodeling, hypoxic responses, and enhanced regulatory T-cell activity. These studies indicate macrophage depletion may, under some conditions, have negative effects on antitumor immune responses that could limit the clinical benefit of this therapeutic approach.
Citation Format: Katarzyna M. Skrzypczynska, Sarah A. O'Brien, Brian Belmontes, Hong Tan, Jessica Orf, Daniel Lu, Ian Driver, Jackson G. Egen. Resistance mechanisms limiting the immunostimulatory and antitumor activity of anti-CSF-1 receptor-mediated macrophage depletion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A71.
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Kim A, Han CJ, Driver I, Olow A, Sewell AK, Zhang Z, Ouyang W, Egen JG, Yu X. Correction: LILRB1 Blockade Enhances Bispecific T Cell Engager Antibody-Induced Tumor Cell Killing by Effector CD8 + T Cells. J Immunol 2019; 203:2023-2024. [PMID: 31471523 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kim A, Han CJ, Driver I, Olow A, Sewell AK, Zhang Z, Ouyang W, Egen JG, Yu X. LILRB1 Blockade Enhances Bispecific T Cell Engager Antibody-Induced Tumor Cell Killing by Effector CD8 + T Cells. J Immunol 2019; 203:1076-1087. [PMID: 31253728 PMCID: PMC6680066 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Elicitation of tumor cell killing by CD8+ T cells is an effective therapeutic approach for cancer. In addition to using immune checkpoint blockade to reinvigorate existing but unresponsive tumor-specific T cells, alternative therapeutic approaches have been developed, including stimulation of polyclonal T cell cytolytic activity against tumors using bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) molecules that simultaneously engage the TCR complex and a tumor-associated Ag. BiTE molecules are efficacious against hematologic tumors and are currently being explored as an immunotherapy for solid tumors. To understand mechanisms regulating BiTE molecule--mediated CD8+ T cell activity against solid tumors, we sought to define human CD8+ T cell populations that efficiently respond to BiTE molecule stimulation and identify factors regulating their cytolytic activity. We find that human CD45RA+CCR7- CD8+ T cells are highly responsive to BiTE molecule stimulation, are enriched in genes associated with cytolytic effector function, and express multiple unique inhibitory receptors, including leukocyte Ig-like receptor B1 (LILRB1). LILRB1 and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) were found to be expressed by distinct CD8+ T cell populations, suggesting different roles in regulating the antitumor response. Engaging LILRB1 with its ligand HLA-G on tumor cells significantly inhibited BiTE molecule-induced CD8+ T cell activation. Blockades of LILRB1 and PD1 induced greater CD8+ T cell activation than either treatment alone. Together, our data suggest that LILRB1 functions as a negative regulator of human CD8+ effector T cells and that blocking LILRB1 represents a unique strategy to enhance BiTE molecule therapeutic activity against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeryon Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Chia-Jung Han
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Ian Driver
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Aleksandra Olow
- Research Informatics, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Andrew K Sewell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Zemin Zhang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; and
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Jackson G Egen
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080;
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11
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O'Brien SA, Skrzypczynska K, Orf J, Belmontes B, Tan H, Lu D, Driver I, Egen J. Abstract 2803: CSF-1 receptor-mediated macrophage depletion can induce immunomodulatory resistance mechanisms in murine tumor models. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are present within the stroma of most solid tumors where they can act to inhibit immune responses and promote disease progression through expression of immunosuppressive factors and modulation of tumor stroma. Tumor immunotherapies aimed at depletion of TAMs, for instance through the use of blocking antibodies against the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R), have been widely explored, with multiple studies demonstrating that blocking TAM function can inhibit tumor growth/metastasis and stimulate anti-tumor immunity. In order to further dissect the functions of TAM populations and define conditions under which antiCSF1R immunotherapy may have benefit, we evaluated the effect of antiCSF1R treatment on multiple subcutaneous murine tumor models with varying dosing parameters. Despite robust macrophage depletion, some tumor models, such as Renca renal cell adenocarcinoma, showed only a modest change in tumor volume and minimal effector T cell recruitment or activation in response to anti-CSF1R therapy. Comprehensive flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping and single-cell RNA sequencing on immune cells isolated from antiCSF1R and isotype control-treated Renca tumors revealed shifts in gene expression patterns related to vascular remodeling, hypoxic responses, and enhanced regulatory T cell activity. These studies indicate macrophage depletion may, under some conditions, result in compensatory anti-tumor immune responses that could limit the clinical benefit of this therapeutic approach.
Citation Format: Sarah A. O'Brien, Katarzyna Skrzypczynska, Jessica Orf, Brian Belmontes, Hong Tan, Daniel Lu, Ian Driver, Jackson Egen. CSF-1 receptor-mediated macrophage depletion can induce immunomodulatory resistance mechanisms in murine tumor models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2803.
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Nguyen QH, Pervolarakis N, Blake K, Ma D, Davis RT, James N, Phung AT, Willey E, Kumar R, Jabart E, Driver I, Rock J, Goga A, Khan SA, Lawson DA, Werb Z, Kessenbrock K. Profiling human breast epithelial cells using single cell RNA sequencing identifies cell diversity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2028. [PMID: 29795293 PMCID: PMC5966421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer arises from breast epithelial cells that acquire genetic alterations leading to subsequent loss of tissue homeostasis. Several distinct epithelial subpopulations have been proposed, but complete understanding of the spectrum of heterogeneity and differentiation hierarchy in the human breast remains elusive. Here, we use single-cell mRNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to profile the transcriptomes of 25,790 primary human breast epithelial cells isolated from reduction mammoplasties of seven individuals. Unbiased clustering analysis reveals the existence of three distinct epithelial cell populations, one basal and two luminal cell types, which we identify as secretory L1- and hormone-responsive L2-type cells. Pseudotemporal reconstruction of differentiation trajectories produces one continuous lineage hierarchy that closely connects the basal lineage to the two differentiated luminal branches. Our comprehensive cell atlas provides insights into the cellular blueprint of the human breast epithelium and will form the foundation to understand how the system goes awry during breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quy H Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Nicholas Pervolarakis
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kerrigan Blake
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Dennis Ma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ryan Tevia Davis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Nathan James
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Anh T Phung
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Elizabeth Willey
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA
| | - Eric Jabart
- ProteinSimple, 3001 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, CA, 95134, USA
| | - Ian Driver
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA
| | - Jason Rock
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA
| | - Seema A Khan
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Devon A Lawson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA.
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Rajabally H, McCulloch D, Driver I, Atkinson S, Thompson B. e38 Radiation (yttrium) synovectomy at Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne 2015-2017: a review of practice and patient experience. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key075.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Rajabally
- Rheumatology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - David McCulloch
- Nuclear Medicine, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ian Driver
- Nuclear Medicine, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Sarah Atkinson
- Nuclear Medicine, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ben Thompson
- Rheumatology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UNITED KINGDOM
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14
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El-Beialy H, Venn ML, Gangadharan S, Pitt J, Driver I, Malik A. TAMIS-ESD/EMR excision of a circumferential LST-G polyp in the mid and upper rectum - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2017; 19:947-948. [PMID: 28795773 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H El-Beialy
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, UK
| | - M L Venn
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, UK
| | - S Gangadharan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, UK
| | - J Pitt
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, UK
| | - I Driver
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, UK
| | - A Malik
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, UK
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15
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Hettiarachchi TS, Askari A, Donelly E, Driver I, Pitt J, Malik A. Total mesorectal excision with Denonvilliers' fascia in anterior rectal tumours using taTME technique - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2017; 19:597-598. [PMID: 28419673 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T S Hettiarachchi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, UK
| | - A Askari
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, UK
| | - E Donelly
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, UK
| | - I Driver
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, UK
| | - J Pitt
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, UK
| | - A Malik
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, UK
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16
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Hawkins F, Kramer P, Jacob A, Driver I, Thomas DC, McCauley KB, Skvir N, Crane AM, Kurmann AA, Hollenberg AN, Nguyen S, Wong BG, Khalil AS, Huang SX, Guttentag S, Rock JR, Shannon JM, Davis BR, Kotton DN. Prospective isolation of NKX2-1-expressing human lung progenitors derived from pluripotent stem cells. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2277-2294. [PMID: 28463226 DOI: 10.1172/jci89950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been postulated that during human fetal development, all cells of the lung epithelium derive from embryonic, endodermal, NK2 homeobox 1-expressing (NKX2-1+) precursor cells. However, this hypothesis has not been formally tested owing to an inability to purify or track these progenitors for detailed characterization. Here we have engineered and developmentally differentiated NKX2-1GFP reporter pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro to generate and isolate human primordial lung progenitors that express NKX2-1 but are initially devoid of differentiated lung lineage markers. After sorting to purity, these primordial lung progenitors exhibited lung epithelial maturation. In the absence of mesenchymal coculture support, this NKX2-1+ population was able to generate epithelial-only spheroids in defined 3D cultures. Alternatively, when recombined with fetal mouse lung mesenchyme, the cells recapitulated epithelial-mesenchymal developing lung interactions. We imaged these progenitors in real time and performed time-series global transcriptomic profiling and single-cell RNA sequencing as they moved through the earliest moments of lung lineage specification. The profiles indicated that evolutionarily conserved, stage-dependent gene signatures of early lung development are expressed in primordial human lung progenitors and revealed a CD47hiCD26lo cell surface phenotype that allows their prospective isolation from untargeted, patient-specific PSCs for further in vitro differentiation and future applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, and.,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philipp Kramer
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anjali Jacob
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, and.,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ian Driver
- Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Katherine B McCauley
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, and.,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ana M Crane
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anita A Kurmann
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, and.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Brandon G Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmad S Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Xl Huang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology & Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan Guttentag
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jason R Rock
- Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John M Shannon
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian R Davis
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, and.,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Leaning D, Jiang X, Frew J, Sarah A, Driver I, Pedley I, McMenemin R, Azzabi A. Outcome of Radium-223 in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer: an audit to assess real life experience at the Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Abstract
In the adult Drosophila midgut the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway is required to specify and maintain the acid-secreting region of the midgut known as the copper cell region (CCR). BMP signaling is also involved in the modulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation in response to injury. How ISCs are able to respond to the same signaling pathway in a regionally different manner is currently unknown. Here, we show that dual use of the BMP signaling pathway in the midgut is possible because BMP signals are only capable of transforming ISC and enterocyte identity during a defined window of metamorphosis. ISC heterogeneity is established prior to adulthood and then maintained in cooperation with regional signals from surrounding tissue. Our data provide a conceptual framework for how other tissues maintained by regional stem cells might be patterned and establishes the pupal and adult midgut as a novel genetic platform for identifying genes necessary for regional stem cell specification and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Driver
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, New York, NY 10032, USA
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19
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Burns J, Wilson CH, Rose J, Williams R, Jackson R, Driver I, Manas DM, French JJ. Selective internal radiation treatment for hepatic malignancy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2013; 95:e20-1. [DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2013.95.6.e20a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2013 Alpine Liver and Pancreatic Surgery meeting was held in Madonna di Campiglio, Italy. The meeting was organised by the Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland. The following abstracts were selected for presentation at the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burns
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - CH Wilson
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - J Rose
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - R Williams
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - R Jackson
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - I Driver
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - DM Manas
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - JJ French
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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20
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Abstract
Injury-induced BMP signaling in the midgut negatively regulates intestinal stem cell division, whereas regional constitutive BMP signaling promotes copper cell differentiation. Although much is known about injury-induced signals that increase rates of Drosophila melanogaster midgut intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation, it is largely unknown how ISC activity returns to quiescence after injury. In this paper, we show that the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway has dual functions during midgut homeostasis. Constitutive BMP signaling pathway activation in the middle midgut mediated regional specification by promoting copper cell differentiation. In the anterior and posterior midgut, injury-induced BMP signaling acted autonomously in ISCs to limit proliferation and stem cell number after injury. Loss of BMP signaling pathway members in the midgut epithelium or loss of the BMP signaling ligand decapentaplegic from visceral muscle resulted in phenotypes similar to those described for juvenile polyposis syndrome, a human intestinal tumor caused by mutations in BMP signaling pathway components. Our data establish a new link between injury and hyperplasia and may provide insight into how BMP signaling mutations drive formation of human intestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Guo
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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21
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radioiodine (RI) is an important therapeutic option in young patients with thyrotoxicosis. We wanted to determine whether RI is being used more frequently in this age group. DESIGN National survey of Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland). METHODS Sixty-one medical physics departments were asked to provide the age and number of patients with thyrotoxicosis <21 years treated with RI (1990-2008). Information on the total number of RI treatments for thyrotoxicosis was also collected. RESULTS Forty-three departments (70%), with representation from 21 of the 25 most populous areas of Great Britain, provided data on 69,258 treatments. The number of treatments recorded on patients <21 years during this period was 560 (0.9%). The frequency of treatments in young people as a percentage of the total increased from 0.2% in 1990 to 1.5% in 2008 (P<0.001). When the 18 centres submitting at least 17 years of data were analysed, a similar pattern was observed. The maximum number of young people treated was greatest in 2008 (62) with a fall in the youngest age at which RI was administered from 18 years (1990) to 11 years (2008). CONCLUSIONS A rising proportion of patients with thyrotoxicosis receiving RI are in those <21 years. This is largely due to an increase in the number of young people treated with a reduction in the minimum age at RI administration. We suspect that European clinicians are becoming more comfortable with RI treatment in young people with thyrotoxicosis, although a changing incidence is a potential contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Turner
- Nuclear Medicine, Regional Medical Physics Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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22
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Abstract
Stem cell niches are locations where stem cells reside and self-renew. Although studies have shown how niches maintain stem cell fate during tissue homeostasis, less is known about their roles in establishing stem cells. The adult Drosophila midgut is maintained by intestinal stem cells (ISCs); however, how they are established is unknown. Here, we show that an ISC progenitor generates a niche cell via Notch signaling. This niche uses the bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 homolog, decapentaplegic, to allow progenitors to divide in an undifferentiated state and subsequently breaks down and dies, resulting in the specification of ISCs in the adult midgut. Our results demonstrate a paradigm for stem cell-niche biology, where progenitors generate transient niches that determine stem cell fate and may give insights into stem cell specification in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mathur
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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23
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Driver I, Blockley N, Fisher J, Francis S, Gowland P. The change in cerebrovascular reactivity between 3 T and 7 T measured using graded hypercapnia. Neuroimage 2010; 51:274-9. [PMID: 20056163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to hypercapnia is important both clinically and for improved understanding of the haemodynamic properties of the BOLD effect. In this work, BOLD/R2 CVR was investigated by using a device which provided small, repeatable and stable steps in PETCO2, whilst maintaining a steady PETO2 level. Significant CVR was observed in both grey and white matter at both 3 and 7 T, whilst an approximately linear relationship found between R2 CVR and field strength has implications for BOLD models and calibration. Grey matter R2 CVR was 0.066+/-0.004 s(-1) mm Hg(-1) at 3 T and 0.141+/-0.008 s(-1) mm Hg(-1) at 7 T. White matter R2 CVR was 0.021+/-0.003 s(-1) mm Hg(-1) at 3 T and 0.040+/-0.007 s(-1) mm Hg(-1) at 7 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Driver
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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24
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Abstract
We have used directed evolution to construct IL-2 mutants that bind the IL-2 alpha receptor subunit (IL-2Ralpha, CD25) with affinities comparable to that of the IL-15-IL-15 alpha receptor subunit (IL-15Ralpha) interaction. T cells proliferate for up to 6 days following a 30 minute incubation with these IL-2 mutants, which may lead to potential applications for cancer and viral immunotherapy. Several alternative mechanisms have been proposed to explain the contrasting effects of IL-2 and IL-15 on T cell proliferation and death. These IL-2 mutants exhibit T cell growth response-receptor occupancy curves indistinguishable from that for IL-15, suggesting that much of the difference between wild-type IL-2 and IL-15 effects arises simply from their 1000-fold differing affinities for their private alpha receptor subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji M Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building 66-552, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, USA
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25
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Rao BM, Driver I, Lauffenburger DA, Wittrup KD. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) Variants Engineered for Increased IL-2 Receptor α-Subunit Affinity Exhibit Increased Potency Arising from a Cell Surface Ligand Reservoir Effect. Mol Pharmacol 2004. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.66.4.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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26
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Abstract
There is a need to provide realistic estimates of the activity discharged to the drains by patients undergoing procedures involving unsealed radionuclides. These estimates are essential for record keeping purposes, to demonstrate compliance with limits set in waste disposal authorizations and for planning new installations. In this study, we report the discharge of activity for 174 patients (202 treatments) undergoing treatment of thyroid carcinoma with radioactive iodine. We have found that approximately 55% of administered activity is excreted in the first 24 h and that 85% of administered activity is discharged to the sewer over a typical inpatient stay of 5 days. There was no significant difference in levels of discharge between those patients undergoing inaugural ablation therapy and those having further treatments with radioactive iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Driver
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
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27
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28
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Abstract
Conditions for insertion of the laryngeal mask airway were assessed in 70 unpremedicated patients comparing the co-induction with midazolam-alfentanil-thiopentone and midazolam-alfentanil-propofol. Following pre-induction doses of midazolam 0.04 mg.kg-1 and alfentanil 10 micrograms.kg-1, patients received equipotent doses of either thiopentone or propofol. Whilst jaw relaxation and ease of laryngeal mask insertion were similar between the two groups, patients receiving propofol were less likely to have undesired responses requiring additional boluses of induction agent (p < 0.05). We conclude that, using these doses, propofol is superior to thiopentone for laryngeal mask airway insertion when using a co-induction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Driver
- Department of Anaesthesia, Ipswich Hospital, Suffolk, UK
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29
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Abstract
Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) labelled with iodine-123 (123I) or 131I has become a well established tool with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis and staging of neuroblastoma in children. However, some neuroblastomas do not take up MIBG at the time of diagnosis. The reasons for this are unclear but may be related to uptake mechanisms. Follow-up MIBG scans have not been reported in these patients. We present a case where an initial 123I-MIBG-scan was negative at diagnosis but became positive when the patient relapsed. This unusual occurrence may have implications for patients with a negative MIBG-scan at presentation. These patients should be re-evaluated by MIBG-scan at the time of relapse as a positive scan then offers the possibility of additional treatment with MIBG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Schwarz
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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30
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Driver I, Popham P, Glazebrook C, Palmer C. Epidural bupivacaine/fentanyl infusions vs. intermittent top-ups: a retrospective study of the effects on mode of delivery in primiparous women. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1996; 13:515-20. [PMID: 8889429 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2346.1996.d01-388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether the introduction of epidural infusions containing fentanyl and bupivacaine has affected the mode of delivery in primiparous women attending our maternity department. We reviewed retrospectively the computerized records of 4362 consecutive primiparous women in labour. All the women were admitted with the expectation of a vaginal delivery. The results were analysed using logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, weight, gestation, cervical dilatation at epidural insertion, use of oxytocin, the year of entry into the study and the type of epidural block received. In women receiving an epidural block at 3-6 cm cervical dilatation (n = 1534), those who received an infusion were significantly less likely to have an emergency Caesarean section than those having intermittent 'topups' (P = 0.0019). In the same subgroup of women, the Caesarean section rate specifically for failure to progress followed the same trend, but just failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.058). This provides evidence to support the theory that epidural infusions containing a low dose bupivacaine/fentanyl combination may reduce the risk of Caesarean section in primiparous women.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Driver
- Department of Anaesthesia, Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK
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31
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Lowdell CP, Ash DV, Driver I, Brown SB. Interstitial photodynamic therapy. Clinical experience with diffusing fibres in the treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumours. Br J Cancer 1993; 67:1398-403. [PMID: 8512824 PMCID: PMC1968517 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1993.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial photodynamic therapy has a number of potential advantages over superficial treatment. We have treated 50 subcutaneous and cutaneous tumours interstitially, in nine patients. An additional 22 tumours in the same patients, were treated by superficial PDT. Patients received 1.5-2.0 mg kg-1 of polyhaematoporphyrin and 72 h later underwent treatment using a copper vapour dye laser producing red light at 630 nm. All interstitial treatments were delivered using cylindrical diffusing fibres and a wide range of light doses (5-1500 J cm-3). The complete response rate for all tumours treated interstitially was 52%, rising to 81% in those patients who received 2.0 mg kg-1 PHP and light doses in excess of 500 J cm-3. The overall incidence of skin necrosis was 32% and was 79% in those treated with light doses of greater than 500 J cm-3. The incidence of skin necrosis with interstitial PDT is lower than that seen with superficial photodynamic therapy but higher volumetric light doses are required to produce tumour complete responses. All treatments were well tolerated and volumes of tumour up to 60 cm3 were successfully treated. The penetration depth of 630 nm light in human breast cancer tissue was determined as 4 mm. Little true tumour tissue selectivity was detected by analysis of porphyrin levels in biopsy material.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Lowdell
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Leeds, Cookridge Hospital, UK
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32
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Abstract
The light distribution within a treatment volume is determined by the source geometry (e.g. superficial or interstitial illumination) and the optical interaction coefficients of the irradiated tissue. We have measured the energy fluence rate at various points within tumours undergoing irradiation with 630 nm light for photodynamic therapy for several source geometries. The relative positions of source and detector fibres were determined using CT scanning techniques. The results of the measurements were then applied to solutions of the diffusion theory which allowed the determination of the absorption coefficient (sigma a = 30.5 +/- 16 m-1), the reduced scattering coefficient (sigma' s = 941 +/- 735 m-1), the effective attenuation coefficient (sigma eff = 261 +/- 49 m-1) and the build-up coefficient which relates surface irradiance to the energy fluence rate at depth (k = 1.6 +/- 0.6). Knowledge of these coefficients allows the transmission of light through tissue to be predicted and hence the optical dosimetry of subsequent treatments to be planned more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Driver
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Leeds, UK
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33
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Feather JW, King PR, Driver I, Dawson JB. A method for the construction of disposable cylindrical diffusing fibre optic tips for use in photodynamic therapy. Lasers Med Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02032452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Driver I, Feather JW, King PR, Dawson JB. Coagulation of blood at the tip of optical fibres used for light delivery in photodynamic therapy. Lasers Med Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02032609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Abstract
A potential source of hazard during gynaecological surgery with a CO2 laser is the reflection of the laser beam from the surfaces of the metal speculum. An experimental method of measuring the levels of radiation reflected from a variety of surfaces is described. Results which compare the effectiveness of different surface treatments in reducing reflections and show how this varies over a range of angles of incidence are presented. The significance of the results in terms of hazards to patients and staff is discussed.
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