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Addae PC, Ishiyaku MF, Tignegre JB, Ba MN, Bationo JB, Atokple IDK, Abudulai M, Dabiré-Binso CL, Traore F, Saba M, Umar ML, Adazebra GA, Onyekachi FN, Nemeth MA, Huesing JE, Beach LR, Higgins TJV, Hellmich RL, Pittendrigh BR. Efficacy of a cry1Ab Gene for Control of Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Cowpea (Fabales: Fabaceae). J Econ Entomol 2020; 113:974-979. [PMID: 31967641 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.] is an important staple legume in the diet of many households in sub-Saharan Africa. Its production, however, is negatively impacted by many insect pests including bean pod borer, Maruca vitrata F., which can cause 20-80% yield loss. Several genetically engineered cowpea events that contain a cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for resistance against M. vitrata were evaluated in Nigeria, Burkina Faso, and Ghana (West Africa), where cowpea is commonly grown. As part of the regulatory safety package, these efficacy data were developed and evaluated by in-country scientists. The Bt-cowpea lines were planted in confined field trials under Insect-proof netting and artificially infested with up to 500 M. vitrata larvae per plant during bud formation and flowering periods. Bt-cowpea lines provided nearly complete pod and seed protection and in most cases resulted in significantly increased seed yield over non-Bt control lines. An integrated pest management strategy that includes use of Bt-cowpea augmented with minimal insecticide treatment for protection against other insects is recommended to control pod borer to enhance cowpea production. The insect resistance management plan is based on the high-dose refuge strategy where non-Bt-cowpea and natural refuges are expected to provide M. vitrata susceptible to Cry1Ab protein. In addition, there will be a limited release of this product until a two-toxin cowpea pyramid is released. Other than South African genetically engineered crops, Bt-cowpea is the first genetically engineered food crop developed by the public sector and approved for release in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince C Addae
- African Agricultural Technology Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad F Ishiyaku
- Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Jean-Batiste Tignegre
- The World Vegetable Center, AVRDC, Bamako, Mali
- Institut de l'Environnement et Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Malick N Ba
- Institut de l'Environnement et Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Niamey, Niger
| | - Joseph B Bationo
- Institut de l'Environnement et Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Fousséni Traore
- Institut de l'Environnement et Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mohammed Saba
- Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Muhammed L Umar
- Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas J V Higgins
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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