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Altwaijry N, El-Ghlban S, El Sayed IET, El-Bahnsawye M, Bayomi AI, Samaka RM, Shaban E, Elmongy EI, El-Masry TA, Ahmed HMA, Attallah NGM. In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Indolo[2,3- b] Quinolines, Natural Product Analogs from Neocryptolepine Alkaloid. Molecules 2021; 26:754. [PMID: 33535575 PMCID: PMC7867085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neocryptolepine (5-methyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b] quinoline) analogs were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their effect versus Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). The analogs showed stronger cytotoxic activity against EAC cells than the reference drug. The in vivo evaluation of the target compounds against EAC-induced solid tumor in the female albino Swiss mice revealed a remarkable decrease in the tumor volume (TV) and hepatic lipid peroxidation. A noticeable increase of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels was reported (p < 0.001), which set-forth proof of their antioxidant effect. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the neocryptolepine analogs was screened out using the DPPH method and showed promising activities activity. The histopathological investigations affirmed that the tested analogs have a remarkable curative effect on solid tumors with minimal side-effect on the liver. The study also includes illustrated mechanism of the antitumor activity at the cell level by flow cytometry. The cell cycle analysis showed that the neocryptolepine analogs extensively increase the aggregation of tumor cells in three phases of the cell cycle (G0/G1, S and G2/M) with the emergence of a hypo-diploid DNA content peak (sub-G1) in the cell cycle experiments, which is a clear-cut for the apoptotic cell population. Furthermore, the immunological study manifested a significant elevation in splenic lymphocyte count (p < 0.001) with the elevation of the responsiveness of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). These results indicate that these naturally-based neocryptolepine alkaloids exhibit marked antitumor activity in vivo and represent an important lead in the development of natural-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Altwaijry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh P.O. Box 84428, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (E.I.E.); (T.A.E.-M.); (N.G.M.A.)
| | - Samah El-Ghlban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koom P.O. Box 32511, Egypt; (S.E.-G.); (M.E.-B.)
| | - Ibrahim E.-T. El Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koom P.O. Box 32511, Egypt; (S.E.-G.); (M.E.-B.)
| | - Mohamed El-Bahnsawye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koom P.O. Box 32511, Egypt; (S.E.-G.); (M.E.-B.)
| | - Asmaa I. Bayomi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koom P.O. Box 32511, Egypt;
| | - Rehab M. Samaka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koom P.O. Box 32511, Egypt;
| | - Elkhabiry Shaban
- Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt;
| | - Elshaymaa I. Elmongy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh P.O. Box 84428, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (E.I.E.); (T.A.E.-M.); (N.G.M.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo P.O. Box 11795, Egypt
| | - Thanaa A. El-Masry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh P.O. Box 84428, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (E.I.E.); (T.A.E.-M.); (N.G.M.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta P.O. Box 31527, Egypt
| | - Hytham M. A. Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koom P.O. Box 32511, Menoufia, Egypt;
| | - Nashwah G. M. Attallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh P.O. Box 84428, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (E.I.E.); (T.A.E.-M.); (N.G.M.A.)
- National Organization of Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza P.O. Box 29 Pyramids, Egypt
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