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El Baramoussi EM, Ren Y, Xue C, Ouchen I, Daële V, Mercier P, Chalumeau C, Fur FLE, Colin P, Yahyaoui A, Favez O, Mellouki A. Nearly five-year continuous atmospheric measurements of black carbon over a suburban area in central France. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:159905. [PMID: 36343810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric black carbon (BC) concentration over a nearly 5 year period (mid-2017-2021) was continuously monitored over a suburban area of Orléans city (France). Annual mean atmospheric BC concentration were 0.75 ± 0.65, 0.58 ± 0.44, 0.54 ± 0.64, 0.48 ± 0.46 and 0.50 ± 0.72 μg m-3, respectively, for the year of 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. Seasonal pattern was also observed with maximum concentration (0.70 ± 0.18 μg m-3) in winter and minimum concentration (0.38 ± 0.04 μg m-3) in summer. We found a different diurnal pattern between cold (winter and fall) and warm (spring and summer) seasons. Further, fossil fuel burning contributed >90 % of atmospheric BC in the summer and biomass burning had a contribution equivalent to that of the fossil fuel in the winter. Significant week days effect on BC concentrations was observed, indicating the important role of local emissions such as car exhaust in BC level at this site. The behavior of atmospheric BC level with COVID-19 lockdown was also analyzed. We found that during the lockdown in warm season (first lockdown: 27 March-10 May 2020 and third lockdown 17 March-3 May 2021) BC concentration were lower than in cold season (second lockdown: 29 October-15 December 2020), which could be mainly related to the BC emission from biomass burning for heating. This study provides a long-term BC measurement database input for air quality and climate models. The analysis of especially weekend and lockdown effect showed implications on future policymaking toward improving local and regional air quality as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Mehdi El Baramoussi
- Earth Sciences Department, Scientific Institute, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10106, Morocco; Institut de Combustion Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (ICARE-CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), CS 50060, 45071 Orléans cedex02, France
| | - Yangang Ren
- Institut de Combustion Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (ICARE-CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), CS 50060, 45071 Orléans cedex02, France; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), CNRS - Université Orléans - CNES (UMR 7328), 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Ibrahim Ouchen
- Earth Sciences Department, Scientific Institute, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Véronique Daële
- Institut de Combustion Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (ICARE-CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), CS 50060, 45071 Orléans cedex02, France
| | - Patrick Mercier
- Lig'Air-Association de surveillance de la qualité de l'air en région Centre-Val de Loire, 45590 Saint-Cyr-en-Val, France
| | - Christophe Chalumeau
- Lig'Air-Association de surveillance de la qualité de l'air en région Centre-Val de Loire, 45590 Saint-Cyr-en-Val, France
| | - Frédéric L E Fur
- Lig'Air-Association de surveillance de la qualité de l'air en région Centre-Val de Loire, 45590 Saint-Cyr-en-Val, France
| | - Patrice Colin
- Lig'Air-Association de surveillance de la qualité de l'air en région Centre-Val de Loire, 45590 Saint-Cyr-en-Val, France
| | - Abderrazak Yahyaoui
- Lig'Air-Association de surveillance de la qualité de l'air en région Centre-Val de Loire, 45590 Saint-Cyr-en-Val, France
| | - Oliver Favez
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Institut de Combustion Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (ICARE-CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), CS 50060, 45071 Orléans cedex02, France; Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Ren Y, McGillen M, Ouchen I, Daële V, Mellouki A. Kinetic and product studies of the reactions of NO 3 with a series of unsaturated organic compounds. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 95:111-120. [PMID: 32653170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rate coefficients for the reaction of NO3 radicals with 6 unsaturated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a 7300 L simulation chamber at ambient temperature and pressure have been determined by the relative rate method. The resulting rate coefficients were determined for isoprene, 2-carene, 3-carene, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methacrolein (MACR) and crotonaldehyde (CA), as (6.6 ± 0.8) × 10-13, (1.8 ± 0.6) × 10-11, (8.7 ± 0.5) × 10-12, (1.24 ± 1.04) × 10-16, (3.3 ± 0.9) × 10-15 and (5.7 ± 1.2) × 10-15 cm3/(molecule•sec), respectively. The experiments indicate that NO3 radical reactions with all the studied unsaturated VOCs proceed through addition to the olefinic bond, however, it indicates that the introduction of a carbonyl group into unsaturated VOCs can deactivate the neighboring olefinic bond towards reaction with the NO3 radical, which is to be expected since the presence of these electron-withdrawing substituents will reduce the electron density in the π orbitals of the alkenes, and will therefore reduce the rate coefficient of these electrophilic addition reactions. In addition, we investigated the product formation from the reactions of 2-carene and 3-carene with the NO3 radical. Qualitative identification of an epoxide (C10H16OH+), caronaldehyde (C10H16O2H+) and nitrooxy-ketone (C10H16O4NH+) was achieved using a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) and a reaction mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangang Ren
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (UPR 3021), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Orléans 45071, France
| | - Max McGillen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (UPR 3021), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Orléans 45071, France; Le Studium Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans 45071, France
| | - Ibrahim Ouchen
- Earth Sciences Department, Scientific Institute, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Veronique Daële
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (UPR 3021), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Orléans 45071, France
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (UPR 3021), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Orléans 45071, France.
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El Fellah Y, Bouskri G, Harnafi M, El-Aziz Khairy Abd El-Aal A, Timoulali Y, Ouchen I, Azguet R. Tracking regional heterogeneities through seismic ambient noise constrains: What Rayleigh wave tomography can tell about deep structures in northern Morocco. Journal of African Earth Sciences 2019; 160:103615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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