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Joosten A, Delaporte A, Ickx B, Touihri K, Stany I, Barvais L, Van Obbergh L, Loi P, Rinehart J, Cannesson M, Van der Linden P. Crystalloid versus Colloid for Intraoperative Goal-directed Fluid Therapy Using a Closed-loop System: A Randomized, Double-blinded, Controlled Trial in Major Abdominal Surgery. Anesthesiology 2017; 128:55-66. [PMID: 29068831 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The type of fluid and volume regimen given intraoperatively both can impact patient outcome after major surgery. This two-arm, parallel, randomized controlled, double-blind, bi-center superiority study tested the hypothesis that when using closed-loop assisted goal-directed fluid therapy, balanced colloids are associated with fewer postoperative complications compared to balanced crystalloids in patients having major elective abdominal surgery. METHODS One hundred and sixty patients were enrolled in the protocol. All patients had maintenance-balanced crystalloid administration of 3 ml · kg · h. A closed-loop system delivered additional 100-ml fluid boluses (patients were randomized to receive either a balanced-crystalloid or colloid solution) according to a predefined goal-directed strategy, using a stroke volume and stroke volume variation monitor. All patients were included in the analysis. The primary outcome was the Post-Operative Morbidity Survey score, a nine-domain scale, at day 2 postsurgery. Secondary outcomes included all postoperative complications. RESULTS Patients randomized in the colloid group had a lower Post-Operative Morbidity Survey score (median [interquartile range] of 2 [1 to 3] vs. 3 [1 to 4], difference -1 [95% CI, -1 to 0]; P < 0.001) and a lower incidence of postoperative complications. Total volume of fluid administered intraoperatively and net fluid balance were significantly lower in the colloid group. CONCLUSIONS Under our study conditions, a colloid-based goal-directed fluid therapy was associated with fewer postoperative complications than a crystalloid one. This beneficial effect may be related to a lower intraoperative fluid balance when a balanced colloid was used. However, given the study design, the mechanism for the difference cannot be determined with certainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Joosten
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (A.J., B.I., K.T., L.B., L.V.O.); Department of Anesthesiology, Brugmann Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (A.D., I.S., P.V.d.L.); Department of Abdominal Surgery, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (P.L.); Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California (J.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (M.C.)
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Calderón P, Deltenre P, Stany I, Kaleeta Maalu JP, Stevens M, Lamoureux J, Bellemans M, Dujardin S, Van der Linden P, Dachy B. Clonidine administration during intraoperative monitoring for pediatric scoliosis surgery: Effects on central and peripheral motor responses. Neurophysiol Clin 2017; 48:93-102. [PMID: 29248202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of clonidine administrated as a co-analgesic during scoliosis surgery, on the neuromonitoring of spinal motor pathways. METHODS Using standardized intraoperative monitoring, we compared the time course of peripherally and transcranially electrically evoked motor potentials (TcEMEPs) before and after injection of a single bolus of clonidine in children under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). MEP data were obtained from 9 patients and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) were obtained from 2 patients. The potential effect of clonidine on mean blood pressure (BP) was controlled. RESULTS TcEMEPs from upper and lower limbs rapidly showed significant drops in amplitude after the injection of clonidine. Amplitudes reached minimal values within five minutes and remained very weak for at least 10-20minutes during which monitoring of the central motor pathways was severely compromised. SSEPs were not altered during maximal amplitude depression of the TcEMEPS. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report showing that clonidine severely interferes with neuromonitoring of the spinal cord motor pathways. The results are discussed in light of the literature describing the effects of dexmedetomidine, another α-2 adrenergic agonist. The experimental and literature data point to central mechanisms taking place at both the spinal and cerebral levels. Therefore, clonidine as well as other α-2 adrenergic agonists should be used with extreme caution in patients for whom neuromonitoring of the motor pathways is required during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Calderón
- Department of neurology, université libre de Bruxelles, CHU Brugmann, 4, place Van-Gehuchten, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Deltenre
- Department of neurology, université libre de Bruxelles, CHU Brugmann, 4, place Van-Gehuchten, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of sensory and cognitive neurophysiology, université libre de Bruxelles, CHU Brugmann, place Van-Gehuchten, 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ida Stany
- Department of anesthesiology, CHU Brugmann, Queen-Fabiola Children's university hospital, université libre de Bruxelles, 15, avenue JJ Crocq, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Kaleeta Maalu
- Department of orthopaedic surgery, Queen-Fabiola Children's university hospital, université libre de Bruxelles, 15, avenue J-J-Crocq, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Magali Stevens
- Department of neurology, université libre de Bruxelles, CHU Brugmann, 4, place Van-Gehuchten, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean Lamoureux
- Department of orthopaedic surgery, Queen-Fabiola Children's university hospital, université libre de Bruxelles, 15, avenue J-J-Crocq, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Bellemans
- Department of orthopaedic surgery, Queen-Fabiola Children's university hospital, université libre de Bruxelles, 15, avenue J-J-Crocq, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Dujardin
- Department of neurology, université libre de Bruxelles, CHU Brugmann, 4, place Van-Gehuchten, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Van der Linden
- Department of anesthesiology, CHU Brugmann, Queen-Fabiola Children's university hospital, université libre de Bruxelles, 15, avenue JJ Crocq, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Dachy
- Department of neurology, université libre de Bruxelles, CHU Brugmann, 4, place Van-Gehuchten, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
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Dahmani S, Brasher C, Stany I, Golmard J, Skhiri A, Bruneau B, Nivoche Y, Constant I, Murat I. Premedication with clonidine is superior to benzodiazepines. A meta analysis of published studies. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2010; 54:397-402. [PMID: 20085541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premedication is considered important in pediatric anesthesia. Benzodiazepines are the most commonly used premedication agents. Clonidine, an alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist, is gaining popularity among anesthesiologists. The goal of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis of studies comparing premedication with clonidine to Benzodiazepines. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials focusing on the comparison of clonidine and Benzodiazepines for premedication in children. Six reviewers independently assessed each study to meet the inclusion criteria and extracted data. Original data from each trial were combined to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) or the mean differences (MD), 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] and statistical heterogeneity were accessed. RESULTS Ten publications fulfilling the inclusion criteria were found. Premedication with clonidine, in comparison with midazolam, exhibited a superior effect on sedation at induction (OR=0.49 [0.27, 0.89]), decreased the incidence of emergence agitation (OR=0.25 [0.11, 0.58]) and produced a more effective early post-operative analgesia (OR=0.33 [0.21, 0.58]). Compared with diazepam, clonidine was superior in preventing post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). DISCUSSION Premedication with clonidine is superior to midazolam in producing sedation, decreasing post-operative pain and emergence agitation. However, the superiority of clonidine for PONV prevention remains unclear while other factors such as nausea prevention might interfere with this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dahmani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Robert Debre University Hospital, Paris, France.
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Dahmani S, Stany I, Brasher C, Lejeune C, Bruneau B, Wood C, Nivoche Y, Constant I, Murat I. Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. Br J Anaesth 2010; 104:216-23. [PMID: 20047899 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergence agitation (EA) in children is increased after sevoflurane anaesthesia. The efficacy of prophylactic treatment is controversial. The aim of this study was to provide a meta-analysis of the studies of the pharmacological prevention of EA in children. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials that focused on the prevention of EA in children anaesthetized with sevoflurane, desflurane, or both. The data from each trial were combined using the Mantel-Haenszel model to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval. I(2) statistics were used to assess statistics heterogeneity and the funnel plot and the Begg-Mazumdar test to assess bias. RESULTS Thirty-seven articles were found which included a total of 1695 patients in the intervention groups and 1477 in the control ones. Midazolam and 5HT(3) inhibitors were not found to have a protective effect against EA [OR=0.88 (0.44, 1.76); OR=0.39 (0.12, 1.31), respectively], whereas propofol [OR=0.21 (0.16, 0.28)], ketamine [OR=0.28 (0.13, 0.60)], alpha(2)-adrenoceptors [OR=0.23 (0.17, 0.33)], fentanyl [OR=0.31 (0.18, 0.56)], and peroperative analgesia [OR=0.15 (0.07, 0.34)] were all found to have a preventive effect. Subgroup analysis according to the peroperative analgesia given does not affect the results. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis found that propofol, ketamine, fentanyl, and preoperative analgesia had a prophylactic effect in preventing EA. The analgesic properties of these drugs do not seem to have a role in this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dahmani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Robert Debre University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 48 Bd Serurier, 75019 Paris, France.
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Sigaut S, Skhiri A, Stany I, Golmar J, Nivoche Y, Constant I, Murat I, Dahmani S. Ultrasound guided internal jugular vein access in children and infant: a meta-analysis of published studies. Paediatr Anaesth 2009; 19:1199-206. [PMID: 19863734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2009.03171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Central venous catheter placement is technically difficult in pediatric population especially in the younger patients. Ultrasound prelocation and/or guidance (UPG) of internal jugular vein (IJV) access has been shown to decrease failure rate and complications related to this invasive procedure. The goal of the present study was to perform a systematic review of the advantages of UPG over anatomical landmarks (AL) during IJV access in children and infants. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials that focused on the comparison of UPG to AL techniques during IJV access in children and infants. Two reviewers independently assessed each study to meet inclusion criteria and extracted data. Data from each trial were combined to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) or the mean differences (MD), and their 95% confidence intervals [CI 95%]. I(2) statistics were used to assess statistics heterogeneity and to guide the use of fixed or random effect for computation of overall effects. Subgroup analysis was used to clarify the effects of the techniques used (prelocation or guidance) or the experience of practitioners. RESULTS Literature found five articles. Most of the patients were cardiac surgery patients. In comparison with AL, UPG had no effect on IJV access failure rate (OR = 0.28 [0.05, 1.47], I(2) = 75%, P = 0.003), the rate of carotid artery puncture (OR = 0.32 [0.06, 1.62], I(2) = 68%, P = 0.01), haematoma, haemothorax, or pneumothorax occurrence (OR = 0.40 [0.14, 1.13], I(2) = 17%, P = 0.30, OR = 0.72, OR = 0.81 [0.18, 3.73], I(2) = 0%, P = 0.94, respectively) and time to IJV access and haemothorax/pneumothorax occurrence. Subgroup analysis found an efficacy of ultrasound when used by novice operators or during intraoperative use. DISCUSSION This current meta-analysis does not found the utility of ultrasound during IJV access in children and infants in increasing the success rate and in decreasing complications.
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