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Paton JFR, Machado BH, Moraes DJA, Zoccal DB, Abdala AP, Smith JC, Antunes VR, Murphy D, Dutschmann M, Dhingra RR, McAllen R, Pickering AE, Wilson RJA, Day TA, Barioni NO, Allen AM, Menuet C, Donnelly J, Felippe I, St-John WM. Advancing respiratory-cardiovascular physiology with the working heart-brainstem preparation over 25 years. J Physiol 2022; 600:2049-2075. [PMID: 35294064 PMCID: PMC9322470 DOI: 10.1113/jp281953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty‐five years ago, a new physiological preparation called the working heart–brainstem preparation (WHBP) was introduced with the claim it would provide a new platform allowing studies not possible before in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, autonomic and respiratory research. Herein, we review some of the progress made with the WHBP, some advantages and disadvantages along with potential future applications, and provide photographs and technical drawings of all the customised equipment used for the preparation. Using mice or rats, the WHBP is an in situ experimental model that is perfused via an extracorporeal circuit benefitting from unprecedented surgical access, mechanical stability of the brain for whole cell recording and an uncompromised use of pharmacological agents akin to in vitro approaches. The preparation has revealed novel mechanistic insights into, for example, the generation of distinct respiratory rhythms, the neurogenesis of sympathetic activity, coupling between respiration and the heart and circulation, hypothalamic and spinal control mechanisms, and peripheral and central chemoreceptor mechanisms. Insights have been gleaned into diseases such as hypertension, heart failure and sleep apnoea. Findings from the in situ preparation have been ratified in conscious in vivo animals and when tested have translated to humans. We conclude by discussing potential future applications of the WHBP including two‐photon imaging of peripheral and central nervous systems and adoption of pharmacogenetic tools that will improve our understanding of physiological mechanisms and reveal novel mechanisms that may guide new treatment strategies for cardiorespiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian F R Paton
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Faculty of Medical & Health Science, University of Auckland, Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Benedito H Machado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi J A Moraes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Zoccal
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Abdala
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jeffrey C Smith
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vagner R Antunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mathias Dutschmann
- Florey institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Rishi R Dhingra
- Florey institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Robin McAllen
- Florey institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Anthony E Pickering
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Richard J A Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Trevor A Day
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole O Barioni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew M Allen
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Clément Menuet
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, INMED UMR1249, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Joseph Donnelly
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Igor Felippe
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Faculty of Medical & Health Science, University of Auckland, Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Walter M St-John
- Emeritus Professor, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth, New Hampshire, USA
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Pauza AG, Thakkar P, Tasic T, Felippe I, Bishop P, Greenwood MP, Rysevaite-Kyguoliene K, Ast J, Broichhagen J, Hodson DJ, Salgado HC, Pauza DH, Japundzic-Zigon N, Paton JFR, Murphy D. GLP1R Attenuates Sympathetic Response to High Glucose via Carotid Body Inhibition. Circ Res 2022; 130:694-707. [PMID: 35100822 PMCID: PMC8893134 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Aberrant sympathetic nerve activity exacerbates cardiovascular risk in hypertension and diabetes, which are common comorbidities, yet clinically sympathetic nerve activity remains poorly controlled. The hypertensive diabetic state is associated with increased reflex sensitivity and tonic drive from the peripheral chemoreceptors, the cause of which is unknown. We have previously shown hypertension to be critically dependent on the carotid body (CB) input in spontaneously hypertensive rat, a model that also exhibits a number of diabetic traits. CB overstimulation by insulin and leptin has been similarly implicated in the development of increased sympathetic nerve activity in metabolic syndrome and obesity. Thus, we hypothesized that in hypertensive diabetic state (spontaneously hypertensive rat), the CB is sensitized by altered metabolic signaling causing excessive sympathetic activity levels and dysfunctional reflex regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrys G Pauza
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (A.G.P., P.B., M.P.G., D.M.)
| | - Pratik Thakkar
- Manaaki Mānawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand (P.T., I.F., J.F.R.P.)
| | - Tatjana Tasic
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia (T.T.)
| | - Igor Felippe
- Manaaki Mānawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand (P.T., I.F., J.F.R.P.)
| | - Paul Bishop
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (A.G.P., P.B., M.P.G., D.M.)
| | - Michael P Greenwood
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (A.G.P., P.B., M.P.G., D.M.)
| | | | - Julia Ast
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, United Kingdom (J.A., D.J.H.)
| | | | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.A., D.J.H.).,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, United Kingdom (J.A., D.J.H.)
| | - Helio C Salgado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil (H.C.S.)
| | - Dainius H Pauza
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas (K.R.-K., D.H.P.)
| | - Nina Japundzic-Zigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia (N.J.-Z.)
| | - Julian F R Paton
- Manaaki Mānawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand (P.T., I.F., J.F.R.P.)
| | - David Murphy
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (A.G.P., P.B., M.P.G., D.M.)
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