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Kim K, Chun IJ, Suh JH, Sung J. Relationships between sensory properties and metabolomic profiles of different apple cultivars. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100641. [PMID: 37008726 PMCID: PMC10053392 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavor is a critical factor in apple quality. To better understand apple flavor, this study aimed to identify the relationships between sensory attributes and the chemical composition (volatiles and non-volatiles) of apples using a combined metabolomic and sensory evaluation. Sensory results showed the positive (apple, fruity, pineapple, sweetness, sourness) and negative (cucumber) flavor attributes of apples. A metabolomic analysis with statistical correlations revealed significant metabolites related to the flavor attributes of apples. Volatile esters (e.g., hexyl acetate and 2-methylbutyl acetate for apple and fruity notes) and non-volatile sugars and acids (total sugars, tartaric acid, and malic acid for balanced sweet and tart flavors) were associated with the apple flavor preferred by consumers. Some aldehydes and alcohols (e.g., (E)-2-nonenal) contributed to a negative hedonic perception (cucumber). The collected information demonstrated the roles of key chemical compounds in apple flavor quality, and may be applicable to quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keono Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, South Korea
| | - Ik-Jo Chun
- Department of Horticulture and Breeding, Andong National University, Andong 36729, South Korea
| | - Joon Hyuk Suh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jeehye Sung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, South Korea
- Corresponding authors.
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Kim HJ, Eom JY, Choi SH, Seo HJ, Kwun IS, Chun IJ, Sung J, Lim JH, Kim J, Song BJ, Lee CH, Kim DK, Baek MC, Cho YE. Plum Prevents Intestinal and Hepatic Inflammation in the Acute and Chronic Models of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Mouse Colitis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101049. [PMID: 35476900 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the digestive tract and increases the risk of colon cancer. METHOD AND RESULTS This study evaluates the effects of dietary intervention with freeze-dried plum (FDP), a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory fruit with no toxicity on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute and chronic experimental colitis in a mouse model and studies the molecular mechanisms of protection through the gut-liver axis. The results show that FDP decreases the levels of inflammatory mediators, which is a nitrative stress biomarker in both acute and chronic models. FDP markedly reduces DSS-induced injury to the colonic epithelium in both acute and chronic models. In addition, FDP significantly decreases the levels of pro-oxidant markers such as CYP2E1, iNOS, and nitrated proteins (detected by anti-3-NT antibody) in DSS-induced acute and chronic colonic injury models. Furthermore, FDP markedly reduces markers of liver injury such as serum ALT/AST, antioxidant markers, and inflammatory mediators in DSS-induced acute and chronic colonic injury. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the FDP exhibits a protective effect on DSS-induced acute and chronic colonic and liver injury through the gut-liver axis via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, South Korea
| | - Jung-Young Eom
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, South Korea
| | - In-Sook Kwun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, South Korea
| | - Ik-Jo Chun
- Department of Horticulture and Breeding, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, South Korea
| | - Jeehye Sung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Bio-physics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health-NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chan-Hyeong Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, South Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, South Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, South Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, South Korea
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Chun IJ, Zheng WW, Choi C, Song YY, Kwang IK, Hirst P. Multiple Applications of Lime Sulfur for Fruit Thinning of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Hongro’ Apple Trees. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.12791/ksbec.2012.21.4.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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