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Sokolova O, Moročko-Bičevska I, Lācis G. Genetic Diversity of Venturia inaequalis in Latvia Revealed by Microsatellite Markers. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101165. [PMID: 36297222 PMCID: PMC9611756 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple scab caused by the ascomycete Venturia inaequalis is an economically significant disease worldwide. The annual sexual reproduction of V. inaequalis leads to high variation, changes in the population's genetic structure and adaptations to the changing environment, including overcoming the host's resistance. The objective of this study is to characterise and assess the genetic diversity of V. inaequalis populations in two main apple-growing regions in Latvia. In total, 143 V. inaequalis isolates were collected from Latvia, six reference strains with known virulence were obtained from other countries, and all strains were genotyped by 12 SSR markers. The SSR markers were highly variable and informative, identifying 158 alleles that ranged from two to 29 per locus. The Bayesian clustering identified three genetic lineages among the Latvian isolates that did not correlate to the geographic origin, host genotype, organ (leaves or fruits) from which the pathogen was isolated, time of collection, and type of isolation (single conidium or ascospore). The possible relatedness to virulence was detected when reference strains with known virulence were included in the analysis. Our findings correspond with previous studies demonstrating that V. inaequalis in Europe has a high genetic diversity within populations, but low diversity among the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sokolova
- Institute of Horticulture, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3701 Dobele, Latvia
- Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Lielā str. 2, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
- Correspondence:
| | - Inga Moročko-Bičevska
- Institute of Horticulture, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3701 Dobele, Latvia
| | - Gunārs Lācis
- Institute of Horticulture, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3701 Dobele, Latvia
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Zrelovs N, Resevica G, Kalnciema I, Niedra H, Lācis G, Bartulsons T, Moročko-Bičevska I, Stalažs A, Drevinska K, Zeltins A, Balke I. First Report of Blackcurrant-Associated Rhabdovirus in Blackcurrants in Latvia. Plant Dis 2022; 106:1078. [PMID: 34491100 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-21-1288-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Zrelovs
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - G Resevica
- Plant Virus Protein Research Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
- Plant Virology Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - I Kalnciema
- Plant Virus Protein Research Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
- Plant Virology Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - H Niedra
- Molecular and Functional Genomics Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - G Lācis
- Unit of Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Horticulture, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Dobele, LV-3701, Latvia
| | - T Bartulsons
- Unit of Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Horticulture, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Dobele, LV-3701, Latvia
| | - I Moročko-Bičevska
- Unit of Plant Pathology and Entomology, Institute of Horticulture, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Dobele, LV-3701, Latvia
| | - A Stalažs
- Unit of Plant Pathology and Entomology, Institute of Horticulture, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Dobele, LV-3701, Latvia
| | - K Drevinska
- Unit of Plant Pathology and Entomology, Institute of Horticulture, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Dobele, LV-3701, Latvia
| | - A Zeltins
- Plant Virology Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - I Balke
- Plant Virus Protein Research Group, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
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Moročko-Bičevska I, Fatehi J, Sokolova O. Reassessment of Paragnomonia (Sydowiellaceae, Diaporthales) and typification of Paragnomonia fragariae, the cause of strawberry root rot and petiole blight. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:791-803. [PMID: 31627855 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Paragnomonia fragariae is a plant pathogenic ascomycete causing root rot and petiole blight of perennial strawberry in northern Europe. This paper provides a revised description of Paragnomonia and P. fragariae with lecto- and epitypification based on the species original description, recent collections from four European countries, examination of specimens used in the previous taxonomic studies and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of LSU, ITS/5.8S and tef1-α. This study presents the first report of P. fragariae on cultivated strawberry in Finland and Lithuania. Our study on growth rate showed that P. fragariae is a cold-adapted fungus growing almost equally at 5 °C as at 20 °C and attaining maximal growth at 15 °C. New primers were designed for amplification of ca. 0.8 kb fragment of tef1-α of Sydowiella fenestrans. Additionally, newly generated sequences of tef1-α were obtained for the first time from 21 isolates of seven species belonging to five genera of Sydowiellaceae, including the type species S. fenestrans, therefore considerably contributing to the current knowledge on phylogenetic relationships of this insufficiently studied group of fungi. The phylogenetic analysis has also revealed that the recently described species "S." centaureii is genetically distant from the generic type S. fenestrans and other Sydowiella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamshid Fatehi
- Institute of Horticulture, Graudu str. 1, Dobele, LV, 3701, Latvia; Lantmännen BioAgri, Fågelbacksvägen 3, SE-756 51, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Olga Sokolova
- Institute of Horticulture, Graudu str. 1, Dobele, LV, 3701, Latvia.
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Stalažs A, Moročko-Bičevska I. Species identification, host range and diversity of Cecidophyopsis mites (Acari: Trombidiformes) infesting Ribes in Latvia. Exp Appl Acarol 2016; 69:129-53. [PMID: 26914359 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-016-0024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cecidophyopsis mites are important pests in all cultivation regions of Ribes causing bud galls and sterility. Despite their economic importance, the knowledge on Cecidophyopsis species infesting Ribes in various areas of the world is still deficient. The present study was carried out to identify Cecidophyopsis species occurring in Latvia on cultivated and wild Ribes, to assess their host range and gain insight into the genetic diversity of these insufficiently studied pests by use of multiplex PCR, rDNA sequences and morphological characters. Cecidophyopsis alpina, C. aurea, C. spicata and C. selachodon were detected to occur in all surveyed habitats. For the first time, C. alpina was identified on blackcurrants and redcurrants, and C. aurea on redcurrants, blackcurrants and alpine currants. The presence of C. ribis was not confirmed with molecular tools during this study. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of four Cecidophyopsis species identified by multiplex PCR. A close phylogenetic relatedness was found for C. aurea and C. alpina, and for C. ribis and C. spicata highlighting the necessity for additional studies. Our findings suggest a need to consider also other Cecidophyopsis species besides C. ribis in breeding programs for host resistance to mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturs Stalažs
- Institute of Horticulture, Latvia University of Agriculture, Graudu iela 1, Ceriņi, Krimūnu pag., Dobeles nov., LV-3701, Latvia.
| | - Inga Moročko-Bičevska
- Institute of Horticulture, Latvia University of Agriculture, Graudu iela 1, Ceriņi, Krimūnu pag., Dobeles nov., LV-3701, Latvia
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