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Koudstaal T, van den Bosch T, Bergen I, Lila K, Bresser P, Bogaard HJ, Boomars K, Hendriks R, von der Thüsen J. Predominance of M2 macrophages in organized thrombi in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2350670. [PMID: 38593342 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a debilitating disease characterized by thrombotic occlusion of pulmonary arteries and vasculopathy, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and progressive right-sided heart failure. Thrombotic lesions in CTEPH contain CD68+ macrophages, and increasing evidence supports their role in disease pathogenesis. Macrophages are classically divided into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, which are involved in wound healing and tissue repair. Currently, the phenotype of macrophages and their localization within thrombotic lesions of CTEPH are largely unknown. In our study, we subclassified thrombotic lesions of CTEPH patients into developing fresh thrombi (FT) and organized thrombi (OT), based on the degree of fibrosis and remodeling. We used multiplex immunofluorescence histology to identify immune cell infiltrates in thrombotic lesions of CPTEH patients. Utilizing software-assisted cell detection and quantification, increased proportions of macrophages were observed in immune cell infiltrates of OT lesions, compared with FT. Strikingly, the proportions with a CD206+INOS- M2 phenotype were significantly higher in OT than in FT, which mainly contained unpolarized macrophages. Taken together, we observed a shift from unpolarized macrophages in FT toward an expanded population of M2 macrophages in OT, indicating a dynamic role of macrophages during CTEPH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koudstaal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thierry van den Bosch
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Bergen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karishma Lila
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Bresser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Boomars
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan von der Thüsen
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Li BWS, Stadhouders R, de Bruijn MJW, Lukkes M, Beerens DMJM, Brem MD, KleinJan A, Bergen I, Vroman H, Kool M, van IJcken WFJ, Rao TN, Fehling HJ, Hendriks RW. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Exhibit a Dynamic Phenotype in Allergic Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1684. [PMID: 29250067 PMCID: PMC5716969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are implicated in allergic asthma as an early innate source of the type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. However, their induction in house dust mite (HDM)-mediated airway inflammation additionally requires T cell activation. It is currently unknown whether phenotypic differences exist between ILC2s that are activated in a T cell-dependent or T cell-independent fashion. Here, we compared ILC2s in IL-33- and HDM-driven airway inflammation. Using flow cytometry, we found that surface expression levels of various markers frequently used to identify ILC2s were dependent on their mode of activation, highly variable over time, and differed between tissue compartments, including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, lung, draining lymph nodes, and spleen. Whereas in vivo IL-33-activated BAL fluid ILC2s exhibited an almost uniform CD25+CD127+T1/ST2+ICOS+KLRG1+ phenotype, at a comparable time point after HDM exposure BAL fluid ILC2s had a very heterogeneous surface marker phenotype. A major fraction of HDM-activated ILC2s were CD25lowCD127+T1/ST2low ICOSlowKLRG1low, but nevertheless had the capacity to produce large amounts of type 2 cytokines. HDM-activated CD25low ILC2s in BAL fluid and lung rapidly reverted to CD25high ILC2s upon in vivo stimulation with IL-33. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of BAL ILC2s revealed ~1,600 differentially expressed genes: HDM-stimulated ILC2s specifically expressed genes involved in the regulation of adaptive immunity through B and T cell interactions, whereas IL-33-stimulated ILC2s expressed high levels of proliferation-related and cytokine genes. In both airway inflammation models ILC2s were present in the lung submucosa close to epithelial cells, as identified by confocal microscopy. In chronic HDM-driven airway inflammation ILC2s were also found inside organized cellular infiltrates near T cells. Collectively, our findings show that ILC2s are phenotypically more heterogeneous than previously thought, whereby their surface marker and gene expression profile are highly dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby W S Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Melanie Lukkes
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten D Brem
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex KleinJan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Bergen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heleen Vroman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Kool
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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KleinJan A, Tindemans I, Montgomery JE, Lukkes M, de Bruijn MJW, van Nimwegen M, Bergen I, Moellering RE, Hoogsteden HC, Boon L, Amsen D, Hendriks RW. The Notch pathway inhibitor stapled α-helical peptide derived from mastermind-like 1 (SAHM1) abrogates the hallmarks of allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:76-85.e8. [PMID: 29111218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. Targeting the active Notch transactivation complex by using the cell-permeable, hydrocarbon-stapled synthetic peptide stapled α-helical peptide derived from mastermind-like 1 (SAHM1) resulted in genome-wide suppression of Notch-activated genes in leukemic cells and other models. However, the efficacy of SAHM1 in allergic asthma models has remained unexplored. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of SAHM1 in a house dust mite (HDM)-driven asthma model. METHODS Topical therapeutic intervention with SAHM1 or a control peptide was performed during sensitization, challenge, or both with HDM in mice. Airway inflammation was assessed by using multicolor flow cytometry, and bronchial hyperreactivity was studied. Additionally, SAHM1 therapy was investigated in mice with established allergic airway inflammation and in a model in which we neutralized IFN-γ during HDM challenge to support the TH2 response and exacerbate asthma. RESULTS SAHM1 treatment during the challenge phase led to a marked reduction of eosinophil and T cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with those in diluent-treated or control peptide-treated mice. Likewise, T-cell cytokine content and bronchial hyperreactivity were reduced. SAHM1 treatment dampened TH2 inflammation during ongoing HDM challenge and enhanced recovery after established asthma. Additionally, in the presence of anti-IFN-γ antibodies, SAHM1 downregulated expression of the key TH2 transcription factor GATA3 and intracellular IL-4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid T cells, but expression of the TH17 transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt or intracellular IL-17 was not affected. SAHM1 therapy also reduced serum IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic intervention of Notch signaling by SAHM1 inhibits allergic airway inflammation in mice and is therefore an interesting new topical treatment opportunity in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex KleinJan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Irma Tindemans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey E Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Melanie Lukkes
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Menno van Nimwegen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Bergen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond E Moellering
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Henk C Hoogsteden
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Boon
- Epirus Biopharmaceuticals Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - R W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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KleinJan A, de Bruijn M, van Nimwegen M, Bergen I, Hoogsteden HC, Amsen D, Hendriks RW. The Notch Mediator RBP-J in CD4 T Cells Plays a Crucial Role in the Induction of Allergic Asthma in Mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hendriks R, KleinJan A, De Bruijn M, Van Nimwegen M, Bergen I, Hoogsteden H, Amsen D. The Notch mediator RBP-J in CD4 T cells plays a crucial role in the induction of allergic asthma in mice. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1329794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Klein Wolterink RGJ, Kleinjan A, van Nimwegen M, Bergen I, de Bruijn M, Levani Y, Hendriks RW. Pulmonary innate lymphoid cells are major producers of IL-5 and IL-13 in murine models of allergic asthma. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1106-16. [PMID: 22539286 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity and is thought to be mediated by an adaptive T helper-2 (Th2) cell-type immune response. Here, we demonstrate that type 2 pulmonary innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) significantly contribute to production of the key cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in experimental asthma. In naive mice, lineage-marker negative ILC2s expressing IL-7Rα, CD25, Sca-1, and T1/ST2(IL-33R) were present in lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes (MedLNs), but not in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Upon intranasal administration of IL-25 or IL-33, an asthma phenotype was induced, whereby ILC2s accumulated in lungs, MedLNs, and BAL fluid. After IL-25 and IL-33 administration, ILC2s constituted ∼50 and ∼80% of IL-5(+) /IL-13(+) cells in lung and BAL, respectively. Also in house dust mite-induced or ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma, the ILC2 population in lung and BAL fluid increased significantly in size and ILC2s were a major source of IL-5 or IL-13. Particularly in OVA-induced asthma, the contribution of ILC2s to the total population of intracellular IL-5(+) and IL-13(+) cells in the lung was in the same range as found for Th2 cells. We conclude that both ILC2s and Th2 cells produce large amounts of IL-5 and IL-13 that contribute to allergic airway inflammation.
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Kool M, Willart MAM, van Nimwegen M, Bergen I, Pouliot P, Virchow JC, Rogers N, Osorio F, Reis e Sousa C, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN. An unexpected role for uric acid as an inducer of T helper 2 cell immunity to inhaled antigens and inflammatory mediator of allergic asthma. Immunity 2011; 34:527-40. [PMID: 21474346 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although deposition of uric acid (UA) crystals is known as the cause of gout, it is unclear whether UA plays a role in other inflammatory diseases. We here have shown that UA is released in the airways of allergen-challenged asthmatic patients and mice, where it was necessary for mounting T helper 2 (Th2) cell immunity, airway eosinophilia, and bronchial hyperreactivity to inhaled harmless proteins and clinically relevant house dust mite allergen. Conversely, administration of UA crystals together with protein antigen was sufficient to promote Th2 cell immunity and features of asthma. The adjuvant effects of UA did not require the inflammasome (Nlrp3, Pycard) or the interleukin-1 (Myd88, IL-1r) axis. UA crystals promoted Th2 cell immunity by activating dendritic cells through spleen tyrosine kinase and PI3-kinase δ signaling. These findings provide further molecular insight into Th2 cell development and identify UA as an essential initiator and amplifier of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Kool
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Ghent, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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Kool M, Willart M, van Nimwegen M, Bergen I, Pouliot P, Virchow J, Rogers N, Osorio F, Reis e Sousa C, Hammad H, Lambrecht B. An Unexpected Role for Uric Acid as an Inducer of T Helper 2 Cell Immunity to Inhaled Antigens and Inflammatory Mediator of Allergic Asthma. Immunity 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ribeiro de Almeida C, Heath H, Krpic S, Dingjan GM, van Hamburg JP, Bergen I, van de Nobelen S, Sleutels F, Grosveld F, Galjart N, Hendriks RW. Critical role for the transcription regulator CCCTC-binding factor in the control of Th2 cytokine expression. J Immunol 2009; 182:999-1010. [PMID: 19124743 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.2.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of naive CD4+ cells into Th2 cells is accompanied by chromatin remodeling at the Th2 cytokine locus allowing the expression of the IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 genes. In this report, we investigated the role in Th2 differentiation of the transcription regulator CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF). Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed multiple CTCF binding sites in the Th2 cytokine locus. Conditional deletion of the Ctcf gene in double-positive thymocytes allowed development of peripheral T cells, but their activation and proliferation upon anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation in vitro was severely impaired. Nevertheless, when TCR signaling was circumvented with phorbol ester and ionomycin, we observed proliferation of CTCF-deficient T cells, enabling the analysis of Th2 differentiation in vitro. We found that in CTCF-deficient Th2 polarization cultures, transcription of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 was strongly reduced. By contrast, CTCF deficiency had a moderate effect on IFN-gamma production in Th1 cultures and IL-17 production in Th17 cultures was unaffected. Consistent with a Th2 cytokine defect, CTCF-deficient mice had very low levels of IgG1 and IgE in their serum, but IgG2c was close to normal. In CTCF-deficient Th2 cultures, cells were polarized toward the Th2 lineage, as substantiated by induction of the key transcriptional regulators GATA3 and special AT-rich binding protein 1 (SATB1) and down-regulation of T-bet. Also, STAT4 expression was low, indicating that in the absence of CTCF, GATA3 still operated as a negative regulator of STAT4. Taken together, these findings show that CTCF is essential for GATA3- and SATB1-dependent regulation of Th2 cytokine gene expression.
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