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Pries LK, Moore TM, Visoki E, Sotelo I, Barzilay R, Guloksuz S. Estimating the association between exposome and psychosis as well as general psychopathology: results from the ABCD Study. Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science 2022; 2:283-291. [PMID: 36325038 PMCID: PMC9616253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The exposome comprises all nongenetic factors an individual is exposed to across their lifespan. Research suggests that exposomic vulnerability for schizophrenia is associated not only with psychosis but also, to a degree, with general psychopathology. Here, we investigated to what degree exposome factors are associated with psychosis and general psychopathology. Methods Data were retrieved from the 1-year follow-up assessment of a large U.S. adolescent sample (n = 11,235), the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Iterative factor analyses of environmental exposures (n = 798) allowed calculation of 6 exposome factors: household adversity, neighborhood environment, day-to-day experiences, state-level environment, family values, pregnancy/birth complications. Bifactor modeling of clinical symptoms (n = 93) allowed calculation of a general psychopathology factor (p-factor) and 6 subdomains, including a psychosis subdomain. We applied linear regression analyses to estimate the association of exposome factors with the p-factor and psychosis subdomain, respectively. Results Individual analyses showed that 5 exposome factors were significantly associated with the p-factor after multiple-comparison correction. In the mutually adjusted model, all exposome factors were significantly associated with the p-factor. Psychosis was particularly associated with 3 exposome factors, with the mutually adjusted model yielding the following results: household adversity (β = 0.04, 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.07), day-to-day experiences (β = 0.10, 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.12), and pregnancy/birth complications (β = 0.03, 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.05). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that multifaceted environmental background is associated with mental disorders. Psychosis was particularly associated with prenatal, perinatal, and childhood (household and school) adversities, although these exposome domains were also associated with psychopathology. The exposome approach can help understand neurodevelopmental psychopathology.
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Moore TM, Visoki E, Argabright ST, Didomenico GE, Sotelo I, Wortzel JD, Naeem A, Gur RC, Gur RE, Warrier V, Guloksuz S, Barzilay R. Modeling environment through a general exposome factor in two independent adolescent cohorts. Exposome 2022; 2:osac010. [PMID: 36606125 PMCID: PMC9798749 DOI: 10.1093/exposome/osac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposures to perinatal, familial, social, and physical environmental stimuli can have substantial effects on human development. We aimed to generate a single measure that capture's the complex network structure of the environment (ie, exposome) using multi-level data (participant's report, parent report, and geocoded measures) of environmental exposures (primarily from the psychosocial environment) in two independent adolescent cohorts: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study, N = 11 235; mean age, 10.9 years; 47.7% females) and an age- and sex-matched sample from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC, N = 4993). We conducted a series of data-driven iterative factor analyses and bifactor modeling in the ABCD Study, reducing dimensionality from 348 variables tapping to environment to six orthogonal exposome subfactors and a general (adverse) exposome factor. The general exposome factor was associated with overall psychopathology (B = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.26-0.3) and key health-related outcomes: obesity (odds ratio [OR] , 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.5) and advanced pubertal development (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5). A similar approach in PNC reduced dimensionality of environment from 29 variables to 4 exposome subfactors and a general exposome factor. PNC analyses yielded consistent associations of the general exposome factor with psychopathology (B = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.13-0.17), obesity (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6), and advanced pubertal development (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1-1.6). In both cohorts, inclusion of exposome factors greatly increased variance explained in overall psychopathology compared with models relying solely on demographics and parental education (from <4% to >38% in ABCD; from <4% to >18.5% in PNC). Findings suggest that a general exposome factor capturing multi-level environmental exposures can be derived and can consistently explain variance in youth's mental and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Lifespan Brain Institute of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elina Visoki
- Lifespan Brain Institute of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stirling T Argabright
- Lifespan Brain Institute of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grace E Didomenico
- Lifespan Brain Institute of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ingrid Sotelo
- Lifespan Brain Institute of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Wortzel
- Lifespan Brain Institute of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Areebah Naeem
- Lifespan Brain Institute of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Lifespan Brain Institute of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Lifespan Brain Institute of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Varun Warrier
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Lifespan Brain Institute of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA
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