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Houwen BBSL, Hazewinkel Y, Giotis I, Vleugels JLA, Mostafavi NS, van Putten P, Fockens P, Dekker E. Computer-aided diagnosis for optical diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps including sessile serrated lesions: a real-time comparison with screening endoscopists. Endoscopy 2023; 55:756-765. [PMID: 36623839 PMCID: PMC10374350 DOI: 10.1055/a-2009-3990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND : We aimed to compare the accuracy of the optical diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps, including sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), between a computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) system and endoscopists during real-time colonoscopy. METHODS : We developed the POLyp Artificial Recognition (POLAR) system, which was capable of performing real-time characterization of diminutive colorectal polyps. For pretraining, the Microsoft-COCO dataset with over 300 000 nonpolyp object images was used. For training, eight hospitals prospectively collected 2637 annotated images from 1339 polyps (i. e. publicly available online POLAR database). For clinical validation, POLAR was tested during colonoscopy in patients with a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and compared with the performance of 20 endoscopists from eight hospitals. Endoscopists were blinded to the POLAR output. Primary outcome was the comparison of accuracy of the optical diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps between POLAR and endoscopists (neoplastic [adenomas and SSLs] versus non-neoplastic [hyperplastic polyps]). Histopathology served as the reference standard. RESULTS : During clinical validation, 423 diminutive polyps detected in 194 FIT-positive individuals were included for analysis (300 adenomas, 41 SSLs, 82 hyperplastic polyps). POLAR distinguished neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions with 79 % accuracy, 89 % sensitivity, and 38 % specificity. The endoscopists achieved 83 % accuracy, 92 % sensitivity, and 44 % specificity. The optical diagnosis accuracy between POLAR and endoscopists was not significantly different (P = 0.10). The proportion of polyps in which POLAR was able to provide an optical diagnosis was 98 % (i. e. success rate). CONCLUSIONS : We developed a CADx system that differentiated neoplastic from non-neoplastic diminutive polyps during endoscopy, with an accuracy comparable to that of screening endoscopists and near-perfect success rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt B. S. L. Houwen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yark Hazewinkel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Radboud University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jasper L. A. Vleugels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nahid S. Mostafavi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Subdivision Statistics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul van Putten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Fockens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evelien Dekker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Bergman Clinics Maag and Darm Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tribonias G, Theodoropoulou A, Stylianou K, Giotis I, Mpitouli A, Moschovis D, Komeda Y, Manola ME, Paspatis G, Tzouvala M. Irrigating Acetic Acid Solution During Colonoscopy for the Detection of Sessile Serrated Neoplasia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:282-292. [PMID: 33515378 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misdiagnosed sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) are important precursors for interval colorectal cancers. AIMS We investigated the usage of acetic acid (AA) solution for improving the detection of SSLs in the right colon in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS A tandem observation of the right colon was performed in 412 consecutive patients. A first inspection was performed under white light high-definition endoscopy. In the AA group, a low concentration vinegar solution (AA: 0.005%) irrigated by a water pump in the right colon was compared with a plain solution of normal saline (NS) in the diagnostic yield of SSLs during the second inspection. Secondary outcomes in overall polyp detection were measured. RESULTS Qualitative comparisons showed significant differences in the detection rates of all polyps except adenomas, with remarkable improvement in the demonstration of advanced (> 20 mm), SSLs, and hyperplastic polyps during the second inspection of the right colon using the AA solution. Significant improvement was also noted in the AA group, as far as the mean number of polyps/patient detected, not only in SSLs (AA group: 0.14 vs. NS group: 0.01, P < 0.001), but also in all histological types and all size-categories in the right colon. Small (≤ 9 mm) polyps were detected at a higher rate in the sigmoid colon expanding the effect of the method in the rest of the colon. CONCLUSION AA-assisted colonoscopy led to a significant increase in SSLs detection rate in the right colon in a safe, quick, and effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tribonias
- Gastroenterology Department, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Mantouvalou D. 3, 18454, Athens, Greece.
| | - Angeliki Theodoropoulou
- Gastroenterology Department, General Hospital of Heraklion "Venizeleio - Pananeio", Crete, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Giotis
- Gastroenterology Department, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Mantouvalou D. 3, 18454, Athens, Greece
| | - Afroditi Mpitouli
- Gastroenterology Department, General Hospital of Heraklion "Venizeleio - Pananeio", Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Moschovis
- Gastroenterology Department, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Mantouvalou D. 3, 18454, Athens, Greece
| | - Yoriaki Komeda
- Gastroenterology Department, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Margarita-Eleni Manola
- Gastroenterology Department, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Mantouvalou D. 3, 18454, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregorios Paspatis
- Gastroenterology Department, General Hospital of Heraklion "Venizeleio - Pananeio", Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Tzouvala
- Gastroenterology Department, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Mantouvalou D. 3, 18454, Athens, Greece
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Tribonias G, Bacasis AD, Komeda Y, Lyrakos G, Giotis I, Daferera N, Charisis D, Manola ME, Karapiperis D. Prospective comparison of an adult, an intermediate pediatric and a long pediatric colonoscope in the training process of gastrointestinal fellows to achieve high-quality practice in colonoscopy. Ann Gastroenterol 2022; 35:400-406. [PMID: 35784628 PMCID: PMC9210779 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2022.0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tribonias
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Agios Panteleimon” General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus, Athens, Greece (George Tribonias, Athanasios-Dimitrios Bacasis, Yoriaki Komeda, George Lyrakos, Ioannis Giotis, Margarita-Eleni Manola)
- Department of Gastroenerology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden (George Tribonias, Niki Daferera, Dimitrios Charisis, Dimitrios Karapiperis)
- Correspondence to: George Tribonias MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus “Agios Panteleimon”, Mantouvalou D. 3, 18454, Athens, Greece, e-mail:
| | - Athanasios-Dimitrios Bacasis
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Agios Panteleimon” General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus, Athens, Greece (George Tribonias, Athanasios-Dimitrios Bacasis, Yoriaki Komeda, George Lyrakos, Ioannis Giotis, Margarita-Eleni Manola)
| | - Yoriaki Komeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Agios Panteleimon” General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus, Athens, Greece (George Tribonias, Athanasios-Dimitrios Bacasis, Yoriaki Komeda, George Lyrakos, Ioannis Giotis, Margarita-Eleni Manola)
| | - George Lyrakos
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Agios Panteleimon” General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus, Athens, Greece (George Tribonias, Athanasios-Dimitrios Bacasis, Yoriaki Komeda, George Lyrakos, Ioannis Giotis, Margarita-Eleni Manola)
| | - Ioannis Giotis
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Agios Panteleimon” General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus, Athens, Greece (George Tribonias, Athanasios-Dimitrios Bacasis, Yoriaki Komeda, George Lyrakos, Ioannis Giotis, Margarita-Eleni Manola)
| | - Niki Daferera
- Department of Gastroenerology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden (George Tribonias, Niki Daferera, Dimitrios Charisis, Dimitrios Karapiperis)
| | - Dimitrios Charisis
- Department of Gastroenerology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden (George Tribonias, Niki Daferera, Dimitrios Charisis, Dimitrios Karapiperis)
| | - Margarita-Eleni Manola
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Agios Panteleimon” General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus, Athens, Greece (George Tribonias, Athanasios-Dimitrios Bacasis, Yoriaki Komeda, George Lyrakos, Ioannis Giotis, Margarita-Eleni Manola)
| | - Dimitrios Karapiperis
- Department of Gastroenerology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden (George Tribonias, Niki Daferera, Dimitrios Charisis, Dimitrios Karapiperis)
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van der Stouwe AMM, Tuitert I, Giotis I, Calon J, Gannamani R, Dalenberg JR, van der Veen S, Klamer MR, Telea AC, Tijssen MAJ. Next move in movement disorders (NEMO): developing a computer-aided classification tool for hyperkinetic movement disorders. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e055068. [PMID: 34635535 PMCID: PMC8506849 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim is to develop a novel approach to hyperkinetic movement disorder classification, that combines clinical information, electromyography, accelerometry and video in a computer-aided classification tool. We see this as the next step towards rapid and accurate phenotype classification, the cornerstone of both the diagnostic and treatment process. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Next Move in Movement Disorders (NEMO) study is a cross-sectional study at Expertise Centre Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen. It comprises patients with single and mixed phenotype movement disorders. Single phenotype groups will first include dystonia, myoclonus and tremor, and then chorea, tics, ataxia and spasticity. Mixed phenotypes are myoclonus-dystonia, dystonic tremor, myoclonus ataxia and jerky/tremulous functional movement disorders. Groups will contain 20 patients, or 40 healthy participants. The gold standard for inclusion consists of interobserver agreement on the phenotype among three independent clinical experts. Electromyography, accelerometry and three-dimensional video data will be recorded during performance of a set of movement tasks, chosen by a team of specialists to elicit movement disorders. These data will serve as input for the machine learning algorithm. Labels for supervised learning are provided by the expert-based classification, allowing the algorithm to learn to predict what the output label should be when given new input data. Methods using manually engineered features based on existing clinical knowledge will be used, as well as deep learning methods which can detect relevant and possibly new features. Finally, we will employ visual analytics to visualise how the classification algorithm arrives at its decision. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the relevant local ethics committee. The NEMO study is designed to pioneer the application of machine learning of movement disorders. We expect to publish articles in multiple related fields of research and patients will be informed of important results via patient associations and press releases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Madelein van der Stouwe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Expertise Centre Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Tuitert
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Expertise Centre Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Giotis
- ZiuZ Visual Intelligence BV, Gorredijk, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Calon
- ZiuZ Visual Intelligence BV, Gorredijk, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rahul Gannamani
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Expertise Centre Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle R Dalenberg
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Expertise Centre Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sterre van der Veen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Expertise Centre Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marrit R Klamer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Expertise Centre Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- ZiuZ Visual Intelligence BV, Gorredijk, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alex C Telea
- Department of Information and Computing Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marina A J Tijssen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Expertise Centre Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Giotis I, Tribonias G, Zacharopoulou E, Palatianou M, Leontidis N, Pantoula P, Vogiatzi G, Bakasis AD, Papanikolaou A, Tzouvala M. A rare case of duodenal-type follicular lymphoma in rectum appearing as hyperplastic polyp with metachronous appearance in duodenum and stomach. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 14:1632-1636. [PMID: 34453280 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyperplastic polyps consist a very frequent finding in colonoscopy having a very low potential to malignancy. According to the international guidelines, it is recommended that all polyps should be resected except for diminutive (≤ 5 mm) rectal and rectosigmoid polyps which are predicted with confidence to be hyperplastic. Therefore, in departments where optical diagnosis can be ensured, a "resect and discard" strategy may be implemented for diminutive polyps. In our case, a duodenal-type follicular lymphoma was detected in a 5 mm rectum polyp with hyperplastic appearance. After 4 months, the lymphoma was detected also in stomach and duodenum. Under therapy with Rituximab, she is in remission. To our knowledge, there has never been reported such a case in the literature. Furthermore, it alerts us that we should be very cautious with the optical diagnosis and the "resect and discard strategy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Giotis
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikea-Piraeus 'Agios Panteleimon', Athens, Greece.
| | - George Tribonias
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikea-Piraeus 'Agios Panteleimon', Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Zacharopoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikea-Piraeus 'Agios Panteleimon', Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Palatianou
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikea-Piraeus 'Agios Panteleimon', Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Leontidis
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikea-Piraeus 'Agios Panteleimon', Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pantoula
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Nikea-Piraeus 'Agios Panteleimon', Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- Third Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital Sotiria, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Maria Tzouvala
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikea-Piraeus 'Agios Panteleimon', Athens, Greece
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Tribonias G, Giotis I, Palatianou M, Tzouvala M. Technique for reloading over-the-scope clip using three needle holders. Ann Gastroenterol 2020; 33:540. [PMID: 32879603 PMCID: PMC7406816 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George Tribonias
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Giotis
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Palatianou
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tzouvala
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Athens, Greece
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Viazis N, Tzouvala M, Theodoropoulou A, Giouleme O, Thomopoulos K, Christodoulou DK, Michopoulos S, Soufleris K, Koutroubakis I, Karamanolis G, Papatheodoridis G, Giotis I, Paspatis G, Mantzaris GJ. Comparison of the Uptake of Screening Colonoscopy between Physicians and the General Population in Greece. Dig Dis 2019; 38:23-30. [PMID: 31288225 DOI: 10.1159/000501266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the uptake of screening colonoscopy among physicians as compared to the general population. METHODS Asymptomatic physicians, aged 45-67 years, at average risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), working in the participating National Health System hospitals were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the uptake of screening colonoscopy. The results were compared to those in a background healthy population, aged 50-75 years, inhabitants of a Greek county, who were offered a free access to a screening colonoscopy program for CRC. High-risk adenomas were those ≥10 mm in diameter or any adenoma, regardless of size, with villous histology or high-grade dysplasia. RESULTS Overall, 267 of 782 physicians and 402 of 6,534 nonphysicians underwent a screening colonoscopy (uptake rates 34.2 and 6.2% respectively, p = 0.00001). Screening colonoscopy has yielded 4 adenocarcinomas (1.6%), 14 high-risk adenomas (5.5%), and 61 low-risk adenomas (25.7%) in the physicians' group. Corresponding figures in the nonphysician arm were 4 (1), 26 (6.5), and 107 (26.6%), respectively. The main reason among physicians for nonadherence was indifference/negligence (n = 213). CONCLUSION The proportion of physicians undergoing screening colonoscopy for CRC is significantly higher compared to the general population; however, it does remain suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Viazis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece,
| | - Maria Tzouvala
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", General Hospital Dytikis Attikis "Agia Varvara", Nikaia, Greece
| | | | - Olga Giouleme
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokrateion Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostas Thomopoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Spyros Michopoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Koutroubakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georg Karamanolis
- Department of Gastroenterology, 2nd Surgical Clinic University of Athens, Aretaiion Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Giotis
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", General Hospital Dytikis Attikis "Agia Varvara", Nikaia, Greece
| | - Gregorios Paspatis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Venizeleio General Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
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Cary M, Das A, Edelman B, Giotis I, Heimerl K, Karlin AR, Kominers SD, Mathieu C, Schwarz M. Convergence of Position Auctions under Myopic Best-Response Dynamics. ACM Trans Econ Comput 2014. [DOI: 10.1145/2632226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of multiround position auctions, considering both the case of exogenous click-through rates and the case in which click-through rates are determined by an endogenous consumer search process. In both contexts, we demonstrate that dynamic position auctions converge to their associated static, envy-free equilibria. Furthermore, convergence is efficient, and the entry of low-quality advertisers does not slow convergence. Because our approach predominantly relies on assumptions common in the sponsored search literature, our results suggest that dynamic position auctions converge more generally.
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Giotis I, Petkov N. Corrigendum to “Cluster-based adaptive metric classification” [Neurocomputing 81 (2012) 33–40]. Neurocomputing 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Giotis
- Johann Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics and Computing Science; University of Groningen; Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Margaretha Visser
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Blistering Diseases; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Jonkman
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Blistering Diseases; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Nicolai Petkov
- Johann Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics and Computing Science; University of Groningen; Groningen; The Netherlands
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