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Staehler M, Rodler S, Brinkmann I, Stief CG, Graser A, Götz M, Herlemann A. Long-Term Follow-Up in Patients Undergoing Renal Mass Biopsy: Seeding is not Anecdotal. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:189-192. [PMID: 37985332 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal biopsy is recommended if the outcome might alter therapeutic decisions for patients who present with renal masses of unclear etiology. However, little is known about long-term risks related to this procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of an institutional database maintained by a tertiary referral center that included patients who underwent renal biopsies between 2003 and 2005 with a follow-up of at least 15 years. Renal biopsies were taken percutaneously with a coaxial technique according to guideline recommendations and included off-line ultrasound guidance. RESULTS We identified 106 patients who underwent biopsies for a renal mass of unclear etiology. The median age was 58.7 years (43.7-66.2). A median of 4.2 (3-6) biopsies were collected from each patient. Tumor seeding leading to local growth was identified in 6 patients (5,7%) after a median follow-up of 8.2 years. Four of these lesions that were resected exhibited the same histology as the original biopsy result; these patients experienced no further recurrence. In 45 patients (42%), the biopsy results led to a therapy other than surgery (n = 28 lymphoma, n = 6 metastasis from other malignancies, n = 11 oncocytoma). The remaining 61 patients (58%) were diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma treated either surgically or with ablation. None of the patients developed metastatic spread related to tumor seeding. CONCLUSION Tumor seeding after renal mass biopsy is a rare, but relevant risk associated with this procedure. As indications for renal mass biopsy increase, longer-term follow-up and improved biopsy techniques should be considered to address this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Staehler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Severin Rodler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Brinkmann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Annabel Graser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Götz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Herlemann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Brinkmann I, Stief CG, Marcon J. [Treatment of localized renal cell carcinoma]. Urologie 2024; 63:176-183. [PMID: 38240766 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-023-02272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both partial nephrectomy (pNx) and total nephrectomy (TNx) are the mainstay of the surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma. In smaller masses, ablative treatment as well as surveillance are possible options. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to provide a closer look at the surgical methods, active surveillance and ablative options as well as the current evidence to support their use. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study is based on a selective literature review regarding pNx and TNx for renal cell carcinoma using the PubMed database and the review of current European and American guidelines on surgical treatment and conservative options for renal cell carcinoma. RESULTS The choice of surgical method depends on the intrarenal tumor configuration as well as patient comorbidities. While pNx is used for smaller localized masses TNx is usually performed in larger more complex tumors. Both methods can be performed using a minimally invasive (laparoscopic or robotically assisted) or an open approach. In patients with severe comorbidities or a limited life expectancy, local ablative treatment options as well as surveillance strategies are suitable strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Brinkmann
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, LMU Klinikum, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
| | - Christian G Stief
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, LMU Klinikum, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland
| | - Julian Marcon
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, LMU Klinikum, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland
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Brinkmann I, Stief CG, Marcon J. [Localized therapy of renal cell carcinoma]. MMW Fortschr Med 2023; 165:34-38. [PMID: 37420067 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-023-2824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Brinkmann
- Urologische Klinik und PoliklinikLMU Klinikum, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Germany.
| | - Christian G Stief
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinik der Universität München, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Julian Marcon
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Großhadern d. LMU München, Marchionistr. 15, 81377, München, Germany
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Rodler S, Schlenker B, Casuscelli J, Brinkmann I, Waidelich R, Buchner A, Stief C, Ledderose S, Eismann L. Expression of Nectin-4 in variant histologies of bladder cancer – implications for future trials? Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Rodler S, Eismann L, Schlenker B, Casuscelli J, Brinkmann I, Sendelhofert A, Waidelich R, Buchner A, Stief C, Schulz GB, Ledderose S. Expression of Nectin-4 in Variant Histologies of Bladder Cancer and Its Prognostic Value-Need for Biomarker Testing in High-Risk Patients? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184411. [PMID: 36139571 PMCID: PMC9497069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Variant histologies of bladder cancer (BC) often present with advanced tumor stage and the status of perioperative therapy is unclear. Thereby, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (ADENO), and sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma (SARCO) are the most frequent variants. Nectin-4 has emerged as a highly interesting target in BC and might guide therapeutic application of antibody−drug conjugates (ADC). We therefore aimed to investigate expression patterns and prognostic value of Nectin-4 in variant histologies of BC. A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted of patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) for BC and revealed variant histologies of BC in the final specimens. Immunohistochemical staining for Nectin-4 was performed on tissue microarrays with 59 SCC, 22 ADENO, and 24 SARCO, and Nectin-4 expression was scored using the histochemical scoring system (H-score). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated by Kaplan−Meier method. Median expression of Nectin-4 was 150 (range 0−250) in SCC, 140.5 (range 30−275) in ADENO, and 10 (0−185) in SARCO, with significantly lower levels for SARCO compared to SCC or ADENO (p < 0.001). For SCC, ADENO or SARCO no differences regarding OS or PFS were observed based on Nectin-4 expression levels (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed nodal stage as an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS and metastases for PFS but not Nectin-4 expression. In conclusion, Nectin-4 was not prognostic in histological subtypes of BC in our study cohort. However, the high expression of Nectin-4 in SCC and ADENO might guide future treatment with novel Nectin-4-directed ADCs and provide this high-risk patient collective with a new promising therapeutic option. Testing Nectin-4 expression as a biomarker should be considered in trials with SARCO, where low Nectin-4 expression has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Rodler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)89-4400-0
| | - Lennert Eismann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Schlenker
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jozefina Casuscelli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Brinkmann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Sendelhofert
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Raphaela Waidelich
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Ledderose
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Brinkmann I, Schott M, Keller P, Tamalunas A, Atzler M, Ebner B, Stief CG, Magistro G. [Laser Techniques in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Syndrome]. Ther Umsch 2022; 80:141-146. [PMID: 36975026 DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a001427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Laser Techniques in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Syndrome Abstract: Lasers have a wide range of applications in endourological therapy. Not only in the treatment of stones, but also in the treatment of benign prostatic syndrome (BPS), their importance continues to grow. The endourological treatment of BPH with different laser techniques will be discussed in more detail in the following. The physical differences between the individual lasers will be explained first, followed by the treatment options that can be performed with a laser. The main focus will be on the concrete comparison of the treatment methods, especially in clinical contexts. In particular, the duration of surgery, length of hospitalisation, risk of post-operative bleeding, catheterisation duration, risk of urinary retention and risk of post-operative complications such as retrograde ejaculation, bladder neck sclerosis, urethra stricture and adenoma recurrence will be listed and compared for the most important methods. Nevertheless, the distribution of TURP to laser is still 30:1 in favour for TURP [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Brinkmann
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Melanie Schott
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Patrick Keller
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Alexander Tamalunas
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Michael Atzler
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Benedikt Ebner
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Christian G Stief
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Giuseppe Magistro
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
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Doldi PM, Brinkmann I, Orban M, Stolz L, Orban M, Stocker T, Loew K, Buech J, Nabauer M, Illigens B, Cerqueira TL, Siepmann T, Massberg S, Hausleiter J, Braun D. Percutaneous edge-to-edge repair of severe mitral regurgitation using the MitraClip XTR versus NTR system. Clin Cardiol 2021; 44:708-714. [PMID: 33760247 PMCID: PMC8119798 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) has shown to improve symptoms and functional capacity in patients with severe mitral valve regurgitation (MR). Novel device developments provide the technology to treat patients with complex anatomies and large coaptation gaps. Nevertheless, the question of superiority of one device remains unanswered. We aimed to compare the MitraClip XTR and MitraClip NTR system in a real world setting. Hypothesis TMVR with the MitraClip XTR system is equally effective, but associated with a higher risk of leaflet injury. Methods We retrospectively analyzed peri‐procedural and mid‐term clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of 113 patients treated for severe MR between March 2018 and August 2019 at the University Hospital of Munich. Results Postprocedural MR reduction to ≤2+ was comparable in both groups (XTR: 96.1% vs. NTR: 97.6%, p = .38). There was a significant difference in a composite safety endpoint of periprocedural Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) including leaflet injury between groups (XTR 14.6% vs. NTR 1.7%, 95% CI [2.7, 24.6], p = .012). After a median follow‐up of 8.5 (4.4, 14.0) months, durable reduction of MR was confirmed (XTR: in 91.9% vs. NTR: 96.8%, p = .31) and clinical and symptomatic improvement was comparable in both groups accordingly. Conclusion While efficacy was comparable in both treatment groups, patients treated with the MitraClip XTR systems showed more events of acute leaflet tear and single leaflet device attachment (SLDA). A detailed echocardiographic assessment should be done to identify risk candidates for acute leaflet injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Doldi
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistraße, München, Deutschland, Germany.,German Sites Development Principles and Practice of Clinical Research Harvard T.H., Chan School of Public Health Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Isabel Brinkmann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistraße, München, Deutschland, Germany
| | - Mathias Orban
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistraße, München, Deutschland, Germany
| | - Lukas Stolz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistraße, München, Deutschland, Germany
| | - Martin Orban
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistraße, München, Deutschland, Germany
| | - Thomas Stocker
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistraße, München, Deutschland, Germany
| | - Kornelia Loew
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistraße, München, Deutschland, Germany
| | - Joscha Buech
- Herzchirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, University Hospital Munich Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistraße, München, Deutschland, Germany
| | - Michael Nabauer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistraße, München, Deutschland, Germany
| | - Ben Illigens
- German Sites Development Principles and Practice of Clinical Research Harvard T.H., Chan School of Public Health Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tiago Lemos Cerqueira
- German Sites Development Principles and Practice of Clinical Research Harvard T.H., Chan School of Public Health Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Timo Siepmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Division of Health Care Sciences Center for Clinical Research and Management Education Dresden, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistraße, München, Deutschland, Germany
| | - Joerg Hausleiter
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistraße, München, Deutschland, Germany
| | - Daniel Braun
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Munich Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistraße, München, Deutschland, Germany
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Praz F, Braun D, Unterhuber M, Spirito A, Orban M, Brugger N, Brinkmann I, Spring K, Moschovitis A, Nabauer M, Blazek S, Pilgrim T, Thiele H, Lurz P, Hausleiter J, Windecker S. Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair With Extended Clip Arms: Early Experience From a Multicenter Observational Study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 12:1356-1365. [PMID: 31129091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the technical success and efficacy of mitral valve edge-to-edge repair using extended clip arms. BACKGROUND A new iteration of the MitraClip system, the MitraClip XTR, was introduced in 2018 with the aim of addressing technical limitations observed with previous versions. METHODS Patients having received at least 1 new implant for the treatment of symptomatic mitral regurgitation (MR) were eligible for this study. RESULTS Among the 107 patients (mean age 76 ± 9 years, 69% men) included in this study, the etiology of MR was balanced, with one-half (n = 53 [50%]) classified as secondary and the remaining 54 patients having either primary (n = 40 [37%]) or mixed (n = 14 [13%]) disease. The mean number of devices implanted was 1.5 ± 0.6. Multiple device implantation was required in 46 patients (43%). Single-leaflet device attachment occurred in 4 patients and leaflet injury in 2 additional patients, requiring surgical conversion in 4 patients. Among the 102 patients discharged alive without mitral valve surgery, 95 (93%) had MR ≤2+ and 79 (77%) had MR ≤1+. The mean transmitral gradient increased from 1.9 ± 1.0 mm Hg at baseline to 3.5 ± 1.8 mm Hg at discharge (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Technical success with the new mitral valve repair system with extended clip arm was achieved in 93% of the patients. MR ≤2+ was obtained in 95 patients (93%) and MR ≤1+ in 79 (77%). The main reasons for procedural failure were acute single-leaflet device attachment associated with leaflet damage or isolated leaflet injury and often required surgical correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Praz
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Braun
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Matthias Unterhuber
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alessandro Spirito
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Orban
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brugger
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Brinkmann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Karin Spring
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aris Moschovitis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Nabauer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Stephan Blazek
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Pilgrim
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Lurz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Hausleiter
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Stephan Windecker
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Nyrow A, Sternemann C, Sahle CJ, Hohl A, Zschintzsch-Dias M, Schwamberger A, Mende K, Brinkmann I, Moretti Sala M, Wagner R, Meier A, Völklein F, Tolan M. Structural changes in amorphous Ge(x)SiO(y) on the way to nanocrystal formation. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:165701. [PMID: 23535465 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/16/165701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Temperature induced changes of the local chemical structure of bulk amorphous GexSiOy are studied by Ge K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy and Si L2/3-edge x-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy. Different processes are revealed which lead to formation of Ge regions embedded in a Si oxide matrix due to different initial structures of as-prepared samples, depending on their Ge/Si/O ratio and temperature treatment, eventually resulting in the occurrence of nanocrystals. Here, disproportionation of GeOx and SiOx regions and/or reduction of Ge oxides by pure Si or by a surrounding Si sub-oxide matrix can be employed to tune the size of Ge nanocrystals along with the chemical composition of the embedding matrix. This is important for the optimization of the electronic and luminescent properties of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nyrow
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, D-44221, Germany.
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Peters E, Brinkmann I, Krüger F, Zwirlein S, Klaumann I. Reintroduction of the European mink Mustela lutreola in Saarland, Germany. Preliminary data on the use of space and activity as revealed by radio-tracking and live-trapping. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2009. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Brinkmann I, Müller-Goymann CC. An attempt to clarify the influence of glycerol, propylene glycol, isopropyl myristate and a combination of propylene glycol and isopropyl myristate on human stratum corneum. Pharmazie 2005; 60:215-20. [PMID: 15801677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study is a comparison of the influences of glycerol, propylene glycol (PG), isopropyl myristate (IPM) and a combination of PG and IPM (1/1; w/w) on human stratum corneum (SC) by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide and small angle X-ray-diffraction (WAXD and SAXD). The effects of glycerol and PG on SC structure can be attributed to their functional groups. In DSC transition temperatures of lipid fractions are decreased whereas SAXD long distances of lamellar phases reveal an additional interference due to an integration into hydrophilic regions of hexagonally packed lipids (PG) or orthorhombically packed lipids (glycerol). The increased repeat distance is attributed to the polar character of both molecules. However, with IPM the long distance remains unaffected. IPM is integrated into the lipophilic regions of SC lipid matrix as concluded from an increase of WAXD reflections of orthorhombical lipids and a decrease of WAXD reflections of hexagonal lipids. The combination of PG/IPM affects SC microstructure in a specific manner. DSC shows a decrease in transition temperatures of the lipid fractions, although not as much as expected from the single substances. Additionally, the combination of IPM/PG affects the short distances of orthorhombically and hexagonally packed lipids in WAXD measurements similar as PG alone, whereas the long distance seems to remain unaffected as in the case of IPM pretreatment. Adjuvants with penetration enhancing potential reveal different effects on SC lipid microstructure, which have to be kept in mind in terms of formulating systems for transdermal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Brinkmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Technical University Braunschweig, Germany
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Brinkmann I, Müller-Goymann CC. Role of Isopropyl Myristate, Isopropyl Alcohol and a Combination of Both in Hydrocortisone Permeation across the Human Stratum corneum. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2003; 16:393-404. [PMID: 14528064 DOI: 10.1159/000072935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The influence of isopropyl myristate (IPM), isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and a combination of both was studied in view of hydrocortisone (HC) permeation across the human stratum corneum (SC). IPM, IPA and their combination were incorporated into water-containing hydrophilic ointment (WHS), and the resulting effects on HC permeation and on HC accumulation in human SC were investigated as well as the influence of these substances on the microstructure of the SC. Differential scanning calorimetry as well as wide- and small-angle X-ray diffraction show that IPM incorporation into SC results in densely packed bilayer lipids and a loss of order of the corneocyte-bonded lipids. Both effects result in a decreased diffusion coefficient of HC in SC and thus in a decreased permeation rate compared to that of HC from WHS. On the other hand, IPA fluidizes and disrupts the bilayer structure of the intercellular lipids. These effects, concomitant with an increased amount of dissolved HC within the ointment, increase the permeation rate of HC across SC. The combination of both ingredients effects a stronger fluidization and disruption of intercellular lipids than with IPA alone. Therefore, the permeation rate of HC across SC is higher than with IPA alone. Consequently, the IPM and IPA combination acts synergistically on the microstructure of SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Brinkmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Brinkmann I. [Teamwork: Dentist--dental assistant--dental technician]. Quintessenz J 1974; 4:43. [PMID: 4617238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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