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Babichuk IS, Lin C, Qiu Y, Zhu H, Ye TT, Gao Z, Yang J. Raman mapping of piezoelectric poly( l-lactic acid) films for force sensors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27687-27697. [PMID: 36320245 PMCID: PMC9516697 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04241j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) is a synthetic, biocompatible, biodegradable polymer with good piezoelectric properties. The prepared PLLA films were annealed in the oven at 140 °C for 0 h, 3 h, 12 h, and 24 h, respectively. The influences of temperature treatment time on the optoelectronic properties of the PLLA films and piezoelectric sensors based on them were investigated. The morphology and crystal structure of the PLLA films obtained under various post-processing conditions were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The micromechanical equipment for tension–compression measurements was built in the laboratory for the tested piezoelectric sensors. The analysis of the structure shows that the increase in the crystallite size of the PLLA film influences the growth of the piezoelectric signal of the sensors based on them. The vibrational analysis of the PLLA films confirmed their crystal structure. The improvement in the structure and the stretching of the dipole C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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O for the film obtained after 3 h treatment increased the piezoelectric properties of the PLLA films. The analysis of Raman mapping added information that the area of the ordered phase of the PLLA films depends on the time of temperature treatment. The maximum value of the piezoelectric signal was 0.98 mV for sensors prepared on films annealed for 3 h at a load of 20 N. For films without temperature annealing at the same load, the maximum value was 0.45 mV. Thus, efficient converters of mechanical energy into electrical energy were obtained, which opens new innovative perspectives for the creation of flexible pressure sensors based on PLLA. Poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) is a synthetic, biocompatible, biodegradable polymer with good piezoelectric properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S. Babichuk
- Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, 529020 Jiangmen, P.R. China
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Chubin Lin
- Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, 529020 Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Qiu
- Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, 529020 Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Huiyu Zhu
- Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, 529020 Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Terry Tao Ye
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and University Key Laboratory of Advanced Wireless Communications of Guangdong Province, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoli Gao
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, 518060, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, 529020 Jiangmen, P.R. China
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Babichuk IS, Romaniuk YA, Golovynskyi S, Hurtavy VG, Mudryi AV, Zhivulko VD, Babichuk IV, Xu C, Lin C, Cao M, Hreshchuk OM, Yukhymchuk VO, Valakh MY, Li B, Yang J. Spectroscopy and Theoretical Modeling of Phonon Vibration Modes and Band Gap Energy of Cu 2ZnSn(S x Se 1-x ) 4 Bulk Crystals and Thin Films. ACS Omega 2021; 6:29137-29148. [PMID: 34746602 PMCID: PMC8567408 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor Cu2ZnSn(S x Se1-x )4 (CZTSSe) solid solution is considered as a perspective absorber material for solar cells. However, during its synthesis or deposition, any modification in the resulting optical properties is hardly predicted. In this study, experimental and theoretical analyses of CZTSSe bulk crystals and thin films are presented based on Raman scattering and absorption spectroscopies together with compositional and morphological characterizations. CZTSSe bulk and thin films are studied upon a change in the x = S/(S + Se) aspect ratio. The morphological study is focused on surface visualization of the solid solutions, depending on x variation. It has been discovered for the first time that the surface of the bulk CZTSSe crystal with x = 0.35 has pyramid-like structures. The information obtained from the elemental analysis helps to consider the formation of a set of possible intrinsic lattice defects, including vacancies, self-interstitials, antisites, and defect complexes. Due to these results and the experimentally obtained values of the band gap within 1.0-1.37 eV, a deviation from the calculated band gap values is estimated in the range of 1.0-1.5 eV. It is suggested which defects can have an influence on such a band gap change. Also, on comparing the experimental Raman spectra of CZTSSe with the theoretical modeling results, an excellent agreement is obtained for the main Raman bands. The proposed theoretical approach allows to estimate the values of concentration of atoms (S or Se) for CZTSSe solid solution directly from the experimental Raman spectra. Thus, the visualization of morphology and the proposed theoretical approach at various x values will help for a deeper understanding of the CZTSSe structure to develop next-generation solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S. Babichuk
- Faculty
of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
- V.
Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - Yurii A. Romaniuk
- V.
Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education
and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Sergii Golovynskyi
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education
and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Vitali G. Hurtavy
- State
Research and Production Association “Research and Practice
Center for Material Science of the National Academy of Sciences of
Belarus”, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Alexander V. Mudryi
- State
Research and Production Association “Research and Practice
Center for Material Science of the National Academy of Sciences of
Belarus”, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Vadim D. Zhivulko
- State
Research and Production Association “Research and Practice
Center for Material Science of the National Academy of Sciences of
Belarus”, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Iryna V. Babichuk
- National
Center “Minor Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv 04119, Ukraine
| | - Chengqun Xu
- School of
Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Chubin Lin
- Faculty
of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Mingxuan Cao
- Faculty
of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Mykhailo Ya. Valakh
- V.
Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - Baikui Li
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education
and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty
of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
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Brus VV, Ilashchuk MI, Orletskyi IG, Solovan MM, Parkhomenko GP, Babichuk IS, Schopp N, Andrushchak GO, Mostovyi AI, Maryanchuk PD. Coupling between structural properties and charge transport in nano-crystalline and amorphous graphitic carbon films, deposited by electron-beam evaporation. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:505706. [PMID: 32924974 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb5d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nano-crystalline and amorphous films of graphitized carbon were deposited by electron-beam evaporation of bulk graphite. Structural properties and the size of graphite nanoclusters (L ≈ 1.2-5 nm) in the films were determined from the analysis of their Raman spectra. Electrical properties of the bulk nano-crystalline graphite reference sample and the deposited graphitic carbon films were measured by means of the Hall effect technique within the temperature range from 290 to 420 K. The electrical conductivity σ and Hall mobility μH of all samples exhibited exponential temperature dependences, indicating on the non-metallic behavior. Electrical properties of the amorphous graphitic carbon thin films, deposited at low substrate temperatures (620 and 750 K) were analyzed in the scope of the hopping charge transport mechanism via localized states. We have shown that the charge transport in the bulk and thin film (920 K) nano-crystalline graphite samples is carried out via the tunneling and thermionic emission over potential barriers at the grain boundaries.This paper contributes towards better understanding of coupling between structural and electrical properties of graphitic carbon thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Brus
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - M I Ilashchuk
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - I G Orletskyi
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - M M Solovan
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - G P Parkhomenko
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - I S Babichuk
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, People's Republic of China
| | - N Schopp
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States of America
| | - G O Andrushchak
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - A I Mostovyi
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - P D Maryanchuk
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
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Brus VV, Ilashchuk MI, Orletskyi IG, Solovan MM, Parkhomenko GP, Babichuk IS, Schopp N, Andrushchak GO, Mostovyi AI, Maryanchuk PD. Erratum: Coupling between structural properties and charge transport in nano-crystalline and amorphous graphitic carbon films, deposited by electron-beam evaporation (2020 Nanotechnology31505706). Nanotechnology 2020; 32:109601. [PMID: 35067486 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abce55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V V Brus
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - M I Ilashchuk
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - I G Orletskyi
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - M M Solovan
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - G P Parkhomenko
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - I S Babichuk
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, People's Republic of China
| | - N Schopp
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States of America
| | - G O Andrushchak
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - A I Mostovyi
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - P D Maryanchuk
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
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Golovynskyi S, Datsenko OI, Seravalli L, Trevisi G, Frigeri P, Babichuk IS, Golovynska I, Li B, Qu J. Defect influence on in-plane photocurrent of InAs/InGaAs quantum dot array: long-term electron trapping and Coulomb screening. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:305701. [PMID: 30974421 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metamorphic InAs/In0.15Ga0.85As and InAs/In0.31Ga0.69As quantum dot (QD) arrays are known to be photosensitive in the telecommunication ranges at 1.3 and 1.55 μm, respectively; however, for photonic applications of these nanostructures, the effect of levels related to defects still needs in-depth investigation. We have focused on the influence of electron traps of defects on photocurrent (PC) in the plane of the QD array, studying by PC and deep level thermally stimulated current spectroscopy together with HRTEM and theoretical modeling. In the structures, a rich spectrum of electron trap levels of point defects EL6 (E c - 0.37 eV), EL7 (0.29-0.30 eV), EL8 (0.27 eV), EL9/M2 (0.22-0.23 eV), EL10/M1 (0.16 eV), M0 (∼0.11 eV) and three extended defects ED1/EL3 (0.52-0.54), ED2/EL4 (0.47-0.48 eV), ED3/EL5 (0.42-0.43 eV) has been identified. Among them, new defect levels undiscovered earlier in InAs/InGaAs nanostructures has been detected, in particular, EL8 and M0. The found electron traps are shown to affect a time-dependent PC at low temperatures. Besides a long-term kinetics due to trap charging, a prolonged PC decrement versus time is measured under constant illumination. The decrement is interpreted to be related to a Coulomb screening of the conductivity channel by the electrons captured in the QD interface traps. The decrement is well fitted by allometric exponents, which means many types of traps involved in electron capturing. This study provides new findings into the mechanism of in-plane PC of QD arrays, showing a crucial importance of growth-related defects on photoresponsivity at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Golovynskyi
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences, 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Golovynskyi S, Datsenko OI, Seravalli L, Trevisi G, Frigeri P, Babichuk IS, Golovynska I, Qu J. Interband Photoconductivity of Metamorphic InAs/InGaAs Quantum Dots in the 1.3-1.55-μm Window. Nanoscale Res Lett 2018; 13:103. [PMID: 29663094 PMCID: PMC5902441 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectric properties of the metamorphic InAs/In x Ga1 - xAs quantum dot (QD) nanostructures were studied at room temperature, employing photoconductivity (PC) and photoluminescence spectroscopies, electrical measurements, and theoretical modeling. Four samples with different stoichiometry of In x Ga1 - xAs cladding layer have been grown: indium content x was 0.15, 0.24, 0.28, and 0.31. InAs/In0.15Ga0.85As QD structure was found to be photosensitive in the telecom range at 1.3 μm. As x increases, a redshift was observed for all the samples, the structure with x = 0.31 was found to be sensitive near 1.55 μm, i.e., at the third telecommunication window. Simultaneously, only a slight decrease in the QD PC was recorded for increasing x, thus confirming a good photoresponse comparable with the one of In0.15Ga0.75As structures and of GaAs-based QD nanostructures. Also, the PC reduction correlate with the similar reduction of photoluminescence intensity. By simulating theoretically the quantum energy system and carrier localization in QDs, we gained insight into the PC mechanism and were able to suggest reasons for the photocurrent reduction, by associating them with peculiar behavior of defects in such a type of structures. All this implies that metamorphic QDs with a high x are valid structures for optoelectronic infrared light-sensitive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Golovynskyi
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr I. Datsenko
- Department of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Luca Seravalli
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, CNR-IMEM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trevisi
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, CNR-IMEM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Frigeri
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, CNR-IMEM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ivan S. Babichuk
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine
| | - Iuliia Golovynska
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
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Semenenko MO, Babichuk IS, Kyriienko O, Bodnar IV, Caballero R, Leon M. RF Electromagnetic Field Treatment of Tetragonal Kesterite CZTSSe Light Absorbers. Nanoscale Res Lett 2017; 12:408. [PMID: 28618716 PMCID: PMC5469724 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose a method to improve electro-optical and structural parameters of light-absorbing kesterite materials. It relies on the application of weak power hydrogen plasma discharges using electromagnetic field of radio frequency range, which improves homogeneity of the samples. The method allows to reduce strain of light absorbers and is suitable for designing solar cells based on multilayered thin film structures. Structural characteristics of tetragonal kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 structures and their optical properties were studied by Raman, infrared, and reflectance spectroscopies. They revealed a reduction of the sample reflectivity after RF treatment and a modification of the energy band structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola O. Semenenko
- V.Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky 41, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ivan S. Babichuk
- V.Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky 41, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Oleksandr Kyriienko
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan V. Bodnar
- Belarussky Gosudarstvenniy Universitet Informatiki i Radioelektroniki – BSU-BE, P. Brovki 6, 220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Raquel Caballero
- Photovoltaic Materials Group, Applied Physics Department, University Autonoma of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maximo Leon
- Photovoltaic Materials Group, Applied Physics Department, University Autonoma of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Brus VV, Babichuk IS, Orletskyi IG, Maryanchuk PD, Yukhymchuk VO, Dzhagan VM, Yanchuk IB, Solovan MM, Babichuk IV. Raman spectroscopy of Cu-Sn-S ternary compound thin films prepared by the low-cost spray-pyrolysis technique. Appl Opt 2016; 55:B158-B162. [PMID: 27140123 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.00b158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cu-Sn-S (CTS) thin films were deposited onto bare and molybdenum (Mo) coated glass substrates by means of the spray pyrolysis technique under different conditions. The CTS thin films obtained are shown, by means of Raman spectroscopy, to consist of two main phases: Cu2SnS3 and Cu3SnS4 as well as of the secondary phase of Cu2-xS. The electrical conductivity of the spray-deposited p-type CTS thin films under investigation is determined by two shallow acceptor levels: Ev+0.07 eV at T<334 K and Ev+0.1 eV at T>334 K. The material of the CTS thin films was established to be a direct-band semiconductor with the bandgap Eg=1.89 eV. The SEM and x-ray energy dispersive analysis show the surface and cross section of the CTS thin film deposited onto molybdenum-coated glass ceramics substrate with the actual atomic ratios of Cu:Sn:S being 2.9:1:2.64, which is in good agreement with the Raman spectra. Also, a small content of residual Cl atoms was found in the CTS thin films under investigation as the by-product of the pyrolytic reactions.
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