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Macintyre AN, French MJ, Sanders BR, Riebe KJ, Shterev ID, Wiehe K, Hora B, Evangelous T, Dugan G, Bourland JD, Cline JM, Sempowski GD. Long-Term Recovery of the Adaptive Immune System in Rhesus Macaques After Total Body Irradiation. Adv Radiat Oncol 2021; 6:100677. [PMID: 34646962 PMCID: PMC8498734 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2021.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation causes acute damage to hematopoietic and immune cells, but the long-term immunologic consequences of irradiation are poorly understood. We therefore performed a prospective study of the delayed immune effects of radiation using a rhesus macaque model. METHODS AND MATERIALS Ten macaques received 4 Gy high-energy x-ray total body irradiation (TBI) and 6 control animals received sham irradiation. TBI caused transient lymphopenia that resolved over several weeks. Once white blood cell counts recovered, flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype the circulating adaptive immune cell populations 4, 9, and 21 months after TBI. Data were fit using a mixed-effects model to determine age-dependent, radiation-dependent, and interacting effects. T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing and quantification of TCR Excision Circles were used to determine relative contributions of thymopoiesis and peripheral expansion to T cell repopulation. Two years after TBI, the cohort was vaccinated with a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and a tetravalent influenza hemagglutinin vaccine. RESULTS Aging, but not TBI, led to significant changes in the frequencies of dendritic cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells, and B cells. However, irradiated animals exhibited increased frequencies of central memory T cells and decreased frequencies of naïve T cells. These consequences of irradiation were time-dependent and more prolonged in the CD8 T cell population. Irradiation led to transient increases in CD8+ T cell TCR Excision Circles and had no significant effect on TCR sequence entropy, indicating T cell recovery was partially mediated by thymopoiesis. Animals that were irradiated and then vaccinated showed normal immunoglobulin G binding and influenza neutralization titers in response to the 4 protein antigens but weaker immunoglobulin G binding titers to 10 of the 23 polysaccharide antigens. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that TBI causes subtle but long-lasting immune defects that are evident years after recovery from lymphopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew J. French
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brittany R. Sanders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kristina J. Riebe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ivo D. Shterev
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bhavna Hora
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tyler Evangelous
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Greg Dugan
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - J. Daniel Bourland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Choi HW, Chan C, Shterev ID, Lynch HE, Robinette TJ, Johnson-Weaver BT, Shi J, Sempowski GD, Kim SY, Dickson JK, Gooden DM, Abraham SN, Staats HF. Identification of Novel Mast Cell Activators Using Cell-Based High-Throughput Screening. SLAS Discov 2019; 24:628-640. [PMID: 30917061 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219834699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are known to regulate innate and adaptive immunity. MC activators have recently been described as safe and effective vaccine adjuvants. Many currently known MC activators are inadequate for in vivo applications, however, and research on identifying novel MC activators is limited. In this study, we identified novel MC activators by using high-throughput screening (HTS) assays using approximately 55,000 small molecules. Data sets obtained by the primary HTS assays were statistically evaluated using quality control rules and the B-score calculation, and compounds with B-scores of >3.0 were chosen as mast cell activators (hits). These hits were re-evaluated with secondary and tertiary HTS assays, followed by further statistical analysis. From these hits, we selected 15 compounds that caused degranulation in murine and human MCs, with potential for flexible chemical modification for further study. Among these 15 compounds, ST101036, ST029248, and ST026567 exhibited higher degranulation potency than other hit compounds in both human and mouse MCs. In addition, the 15 compounds identified promote de novo synthesis of cytokines and induce the release of eicosanoids from human and mouse MCs. HTS enabled us to identify small-molecule MC activators with unique properties that may be useful as vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Woong Choi
- 1 Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cliburn Chan
- 2 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ivo D Shterev
- 3 Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,4 Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Heather E Lynch
- 3 Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,4 Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,5 Departments of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Taylor J Robinette
- 5 Departments of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jianling Shi
- 1 Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- 1 Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,3 Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,4 Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,5 Departments of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - So Young Kim
- 6 Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - David M Gooden
- 8 Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Soman N Abraham
- 1 Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,9 Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,10 Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,11 Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Herman F Staats
- 1 Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,4 Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,10 Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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3
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Kajimura J, Lynch HE, Geyer S, French B, Yamaoka M, Shterev ID, Sempowski GD, Kyoizumi S, Yoshida K, Misumi M, Ohishi W, Hayashi T, Nakachi K, Kusunoki Y. Radiation- and Age-Associated Changes in Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cell Populations among Aging Atomic Bomb Survivors in Japan. Radiat Res 2018; 189:84-94. [PMID: 29324175 PMCID: PMC10949854 DOI: 10.1667/rr4854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Previous immunological studies in atomic bomb survivors have suggested that radiation exposure leads to long-lasting changes, similar to immunological aging observed in T-cell-adaptive immunity. However, to our knowledge, late effects of radiation on dendritic cells (DCs), the key coordinators for activation and differentiation of T cells, have not yet been investigated in humans. In the current study, we hypothesized that numerical and functional decreases would be observed in relationship to radiation dose in circulating conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) among 229 Japanese A-bomb survivors. Overall, the evidence did not support this hypothesis, with no overall changes in DCs or functional changes observed with radiation dose. Multivariable regression analysis for radiation dose, age and gender effects revealed that total DC counts as well as subpopulation counts decreased in relationship to increasing age. Further analyses revealed that in women, absolute numbers of pDCs showed significant decreases with radiation dose. A hierarchical clustering analysis of gene expression profiles in DCs after Toll-like receptor stimulation in vitro identified two clusters of participants that differed in age-associated expression levels of genes involved in antigen presentation and cytokine/chemokine production in cDCs. These results suggest that DC counts decrease and expression levels of gene clusters change with age. More than 60 years after radiation exposure, we also observed changes in pDC counts associated with radiation, but only among women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather E. Lynch
- Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Susan Geyer
- Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Benjamin French
- Statistics, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mika Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ivo D. Shterev
- Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Kengo Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Munechika Misumi
- Statistics, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Waka Ohishi
- Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Kei Nakachi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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Kajimura J, Lynch HE, Geyer S, French B, Yamaoka M, Shterev ID, Sempowski GD, Kyoizumi S, Yoshida K, Misumi M, Ohishi W, Hayashi T, Nakachi K, Kusunoki Y. Radiation- and Age-Associated Changes in Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cell Populations among Aging Atomic Bomb Survivors in Japan. Radiat Res 2017:RR14854.1. [PMID: 29189104 DOI: 10.1667/rr14854.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Previous immunological studies in atomic bomb survivors have suggested that radiation exposure leads to long-lasting changes, similar to immunological aging observed in T-cell-adaptive immunity. However, to our knowledge, late effects of radiation on dendritic cells (DCs), the key coordinators for activation and differentiation of T cells, have not yet been investigated in humans. In the current study, we hypothesized that numerical and functional decreases would be observed in relationship to radiation dose in circulating conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) among 229 Japanese A-bomb survivors. Overall, the evidence did not support this hypothesis, with no overall changes in DCs or functional changes observed with radiation dose. Multivariable regression analysis for radiation dose, age and gender effects revealed that total DC counts as well as subpopulation counts decreased in relationship to increasing age. Further analyses revealed that in women, absolute numbers of pDCs showed significant decreases with radiation dose. A hierarchical clustering analysis of gene expression profiles in DCs after Toll-like receptor stimulation in vitro identified two clusters of participants that differed in age-associated expression levels of genes involved in antigen presentation and cytokine/chemokine production in cDCs. These results suggest that DC counts decrease and expression levels of gene clusters change with age. More than 60 years after radiation exposure, we also observed changes in pDC counts associated with radiation, but only among women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather E Lynch
- b Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Susan Geyer
- c Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | - Ivo D Shterev
- b Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- b Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | | | | | | | - Waka Ohishi
- e Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
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Xiao S, Shterev ID, Zhang W, Young L, Shieh JH, Moore M, van den Brink M, Sempowski GD, Manley NR. Sublethal Total Body Irradiation Causes Long-Term Deficits in Thymus Function by Reducing Lymphoid Progenitors. J Immunol 2017; 199:2701-2712. [PMID: 28931604 PMCID: PMC5659725 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Total body irradiation (TBI) damages hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and thymus; however, the long-term effects of irradiation with aging remain unclear. In this study, we found that the impact of radiation on thymopoiesis in mice varied by sex and dose but, overall, thymopoiesis remained suppressed for ≥12 mo after a single exposure. Male and female mice showed a long-term dose-dependent reduction in thymic cKit+ lymphoid progenitors that was maintained throughout life. Damage to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow was dose dependent, with as little as 0.5 Gy causing a significant long-term reduction. In addition, the potential for T lineage commitment was radiation sensitive with aging. Overall, the impact of irradiation on the hematopoietic lineage was more severe in females. In contrast, the rate of decline in thymic epithelial cell numbers with age was radiation-sensitive only in males, and other characteristics including Ccl25 transcription were unaffected. Taken together, these data suggest that long-term suppression of thymopoiesis after sublethal irradiation was primarily due to fewer progenitors in the BM combined with reduced potential for T lineage commitment. A single irradiation dose also caused synchronization of thymopoiesis, with a periodic thymocyte differentiation profile persisting for at least 12 mo postirradiation. This study suggests that the number and capability of HSCs for T cell production can be dramatically and permanently damaged after a single relatively low TBI dose, accelerating aging-associated thymic involution. Our findings may impact evaluation and therapeutic intervention of human TBI events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Xiao
- Department of Genetics, Paul D. Coverdell Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602;
| | - Ivo D Shterev
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Paul D. Coverdell Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Lauren Young
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jae-Hung Shieh
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; and
| | - Malcolm Moore
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Marcel van den Brink
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Nancy R Manley
- Department of Genetics, Paul D. Coverdell Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602;
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Chinn IK, Shterev ID, Riebe KJ, Rouse DC. Thymus Graft Factors Critical For Negative Selection Of Direct Allospecific T Cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shterev ID, Jung SH, George SL, Owzar K. permGPU: Using graphics processing units in RNA microarray association studies. BMC Bioinformatics 2010; 11:329. [PMID: 20553619 PMCID: PMC2910023 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many analyses of microarray association studies involve permutation, bootstrap resampling and cross-validation, that are ideally formulated as embarrassingly parallel computing problems. Given that these analyses are computationally intensive, scalable approaches that can take advantage of multi-core processor systems need to be developed. RESULTS We have developed a CUDA based implementation, permGPU, that employs graphics processing units in microarray association studies. We illustrate the performance and applicability of permGPU within the context of permutation resampling for a number of test statistics. An extensive simulation study demonstrates a dramatic increase in performance when using permGPU on an NVIDIA GTX 280 card compared to an optimized C/C++ solution running on a conventional Linux server. CONCLUSIONS permGPU is available as an open-source stand-alone application and as an extension package for the R statistical environment. It provides a dramatic increase in performance for permutation resampling analysis in the context of microarray association studies. The current version offers six test statistics for carrying out permutation resampling analyses for binary, quantitative and censored time-to-event traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo D Shterev
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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