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Dufour P, Frisée V, Rigaux G, Brutinel F, Egyptien S, Bossaert P, Deleersnyder J, Deleuze S, Peeters S, Le Goff C, Ponthier J, Cavalier E. Analysis of progesterone and estrone-sulfate in feces of American Bison using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry: Technical validation and correlation with blood levels. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 86:106819. [PMID: 37729845 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2023.106819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
American Bison's wild nature limits blood sample availability to study its endocrinology. This report describes progesterone (P4) and estrone-sulfate (E1S) assays in American Bison feces using Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). In 2 ranches, samples of feces (n = 73) and serum (n = 93) were collected in pregnant and nonpregnant American Bison. Feces samples (250 mg) were extracted with methanol, purified, and concentrated. Then, feces and serum samples were assayed using LC-MS, according to our previously described technique. Fecal matrix homogeneity was determined by measuring steroids in different areas of the sample and concentration evolutions were evaluated after storage at room temperature. During the validation process, lower limits of quantification were 20 pg/g (E1S) and 4 ng/g (P4) by meeting the following criteria: relative standard deviation <15% and relative bias <15%. By measuring hormones in different spots from the same sample, a moderate variability for E1S (coefficient of variation [CV] up to 21.3%) and a high variability for P4 (CV up to 85.5%) were highlighted. Correlation between concentrations in feces and in serum was higher for E1S (r = 0.77) than for P4 (r = 0.65) and P4 could be assayed in pregnant and nonpregnant animals whereas E1S was only present in pregnant. Feces storage at room temperature induced modification of steroid concentrations. The quantification of E1S and, at a lower level, of P4 in feces is an interesting alternative to serum assay to describe the pregnancy-related evolution of these steroids in American Bisons, with feces ideally stored frozen and mixed before the LC-MS procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Dufour
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Belgium
| | - Vincent Frisée
- Production Animals Department, Liège University, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stéphanie Peeters
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Belgium
| | - Caroline Le Goff
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Belgium
| | | | - Etienne Cavalier
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Belgium
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2
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Egyptien S, Deleuze S, Ledeck J, Ponthier J. Sperm Quality Assessment in Stallions: How to Choose Relevant Assays to Answer Clinical Questions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3123. [PMID: 37835729 PMCID: PMC10571789 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stallion sperm analysis is indicated for infertility diagnosis, pre-sale expertise, production of fresh or frozen doses, and frozen straw quality control. Various collection methods are described, and numerous assays can be performed on semen. Determining an approach for each of these cases is challenging. This review aims to discuss how to obtain relevant clinical results, answering stallion owners' concerns. Semen can be collected with an artificial vagina on a phantom or a mare, by electro-ejaculation under anesthesia, or after pharmacological induction. The collection method influences the semen volume and concentration, while the total sperm number depends on the testicular production and collection frequency. In the seminal plasma, acidity, pro-oxidant activity, and some enzymes have repercussions for the semen quality and its conservation. Moreover, non-sperm cells of seminal plasma may impact semen conservation. Motility analysis remains a core parameter, as it is associated with fresh or frozen dose fertility. Computer-assisted motility analyzers have improved repeatability, but the reproducibility between laboratories depends on the settings that are used. Morphology analysis showing spermatozoa defects is useful to understand production and maturation abnormalities. Staining of the spermatozoa is used to evaluate viability, but recent advances in flow cytometry and in fluorochromes enable an evaluation of multiple intracellular parameters. Spermatozoa protein expression already has clinical applications, for example, as a fertility and freezing ability predictor. At present, stallion semen analysis ranges from macroscopic evaluation to assessing spermatozoa proteins. However, clinically, all these data may not be relevant, and the lack of standardization may complicate their interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jérôme Ponthier
- Equine Theriogenology, Equine Clinical Sciences Department, FARAH Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (S.E.); (S.D.); (J.L.)
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3
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Egyptien S, Dewals B, Ectors F, Brutinel F, Ponthier J, Deleuze S. Validation of Calcein Violet as a New Marker of Semen Membrane Integrity in Domestic Animals. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1874. [PMID: 37578748 PMCID: PMC10252073 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many fluorochromes routinely used in semen quality analysis emit in the green and red channels, limiting their possible combination for multiple parameter analysis. The use of fluorophores emitting in different light channels broadens the possibilities of combination to expand the range of simultaneously evaluated criteria. This is of great interest in cases of small ejaculated volumes, such as those naturally occurring in roosters, small dog breeds and drones (Apis mellifera). The purpose of this experiment is to establish Calcein Violet (CaV), a blue fluorochrome, as a marker of viability and acrosomal integrity in domestic animals in order to free the red and green channels. SYBR®14/Propidium Iodide (PI) was used as reference dye, heat-treated samples as negative controls, serial staining combination for validation and epifluorescence microscopy for observation. Dead spermatozoa marked in red with PI showed no blue fluorescence either from the head or the tail. Live spermatozoa showed a decreasing blue emission from head to tail when single stained with CaV. Unreacted acrosomes showed intense blue fluorescence irrespective of plasma membrane integrity. This needs to be further confirmed for species with small and difficult to observe heads. Establishment of CaV as a marker of membrane integrity by fluorescence microscopy is a decisive first step towards further technical development and use with flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Egyptien
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Research Unit (FARAH), Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium (J.P.)
| | - Benjamin Dewals
- FARAH, Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabien Ectors
- FARAH, Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Flore Brutinel
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Research Unit (FARAH), Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium (J.P.)
| | - Jérôme Ponthier
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Research Unit (FARAH), Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium (J.P.)
| | - Stéfan Deleuze
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Research Unit (FARAH), Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium (J.P.)
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4
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Ledeck J, Dufour P, Evrard É, Le Goff C, Peeters S, Brutinel F, Egyptien S, Deleuze S, Cavalier É, Ponthier J. Evolution of 17-β-estradiol, estrone and estrone-sulfate concentrations in late pregnancy of different breeds of mares using Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Theriogenology 2022; 189:86-91. [PMID: 35738034 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study describes 17-β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and estrone-sulfate (E1S) concentrations between 4 and 11 months in healthy equine pregnancies of two different breeds using Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass-Spectrometry (LC-MS). In 2 stud-farms including 15 Spanish PureBred (SPB) and 11 Showjumping (SJ) types mares, combined thickness of the uterus and the placenta (CTUP) was measured and blood was sampled monthly between 4 and 11 months of gestation. Concentrations of E2, E1 and E1S were assayed with LC-MS in mares with normal CTUP. Effects of breed, day of pregnancy and mare's parity and age on estrogens concentrations were investigated. Peak of E2 was observed at 5 months (median: 46.4 pg/mL; maximum: 201.5 pg/mL). A strong correlation was observed between E1 and E1S (p < 0.0001, r = 0.85). Peak of E1 (median: 571.0 pg/mL; maximum: 1641.9 pg/mL) and E1S (median: 573.6 ng/mL; maximum: 997.6 ng/mL) concentrations was observed at the 5th month and then E1S decreased quicker than E1 until the end of pregnancy. Higher E2 and E1 concentrations were observed in SJ than in SPB mares between the 6th and the 8th months. No difference between breeds was observed for E1S monthly evolution. Estrogen peak values were all observed at 5 months. Unlike recent LC-MS studies, E1S values observed here were in the same range than those previously established using immuno-assays. After the 6th month, E1S decreased quicker than E1. Effect of breed only observed on non-sulfonated estrogens should be further confirmed. These findings confirm that sulfonation activity of the allantochorion may be limited after the 6th month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ledeck
- Equine Theriogenology, Equine Clinical Sciences Department, FARAH Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Belgium
| | - Patrice Dufour
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Belgium
| | - Élise Evrard
- Equine Theriogenology, Equine Clinical Sciences Department, FARAH Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Belgium
| | - Caroline Le Goff
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Peeters
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Belgium
| | - Flore Brutinel
- Equine Theriogenology, Equine Clinical Sciences Department, FARAH Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Belgium
| | - Sophie Egyptien
- Equine Theriogenology, Equine Clinical Sciences Department, FARAH Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Belgium
| | - Stéfan Deleuze
- Equine Theriogenology, Equine Clinical Sciences Department, FARAH Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Belgium
| | - Étienne Cavalier
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ponthier
- Equine Theriogenology, Equine Clinical Sciences Department, FARAH Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Belgium.
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Frisée V, Rigaux G, Dufour P, Barbato O, Brutinel F, Egyptien S, Bossaert P, Deleuze S, Cavalier E, Ponthier J. American Bison (Bison bison) reproductive endocrinology: serum Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins (PAG), Progesterone, Estrone and Estrone-Sulfate in non pregnant animals and during gestation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 78:106684. [PMID: 34634728 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study describes concentrations of Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins (PAG), progesterone (P4), estrone (E1) and estrone-sulfate (E1S) in American Bison sera. In 2 ranches, mature American Bison were sampled once a year for 2 yr. Subsequent American Bison cows calving days were reported. PAG concentration was determined by Radio-Immuno Assay, whereas P4, E1 and E1S were assayed using Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Concentrations were compared between American Bison bulls (B, n = 7), Nonpregnant cows (NP, n = 32), first (1TP, n = 3), second (2TP, n = 26) and third (3TP, n = 15) trimester of pregnancy. Seven American Bison bulls and 92 cows were sampled, 51 calved during these 2 yr. Calving occurred mostly in spring (74.5%), but also in summer (13.7%) and fall (11.8%). PAG and P4 were higher in 2TP and 3TP than B and NP (P< 0.0001). P4 was non-basal in B and NP. E1 and E1S were correlated (P< 0.0001; r = 0.76) and increased in 2TP and 3TP when compared with B and NP (P< 0.01). Moreover, E1S was higher in 3TP than in 2TP (P< 0.0001) and correlated to pregnancy day (P< 0.0001; r = 0.60). Breeding American Bison in Belgium induces a calving seasonality loss. P4 slowly increases in 1TP and remains steady and high in 2 and 3TP. P4 non-basal and variable concentrations in B or NP disable its use as gestation marker. American Bison produce PAG in the 2 and 3TP, but Estrone-sulfate assay seems to be the best pregnancy marker during the 2 last trimesters as it could help to estimate the gestation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Frisée
- Production animals Department, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - P Dufour
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - O Barbato
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Brutinel
- Theriogenology, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - S Egyptien
- Theriogenology, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - P Bossaert
- Production animals Department, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - S Deleuze
- Theriogenology, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - E Cavalier
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - J Ponthier
- Theriogenology, Liège University, Liège, Belgium.
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Dufour P, Courtois J, Seynaeve Y, Peeters S, Le Goff C, Cavalier E, Ponthier J. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (LC-MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of estrone-3-sulfate, progesterone, estrone and estradiol in serum of mares and American bisons. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:343-350. [PMID: 33770524 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Steroid concentrations in serum are fluctuating during pregnancy of many mammal species. The current knowledge about endocrinology of gestation is mainly based on immunoassays. However, the lack of specificity of these assays hampers the reliability of the results. In the present work, we developed and validated a methodology associating liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) to simultaneously quantify, with high specificity and accuracy, estrone-3-sulfate (E3S), progesterone (PRO), estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) in serum of two different mammal species. The sample preparation procedure is based on a simple protein precipitation and a derivatization with dansyl chloride. After the chromatographical separation, compounds were analyzed with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring. Mare and American bison serum samples were analyzed with the validated method and results were compared with concentrations measured with commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Following these criterions: relative standard deviation <15% and relative bias <15%, lower limits of quantification of 0.5 ng/mL (E3S), 0.1 ng/mL (PRO) and 2 pg/mL (E1 and E2) were achieved. Most of the comparison between immunoassays and LC-MS showed poor correlation and proportional differences. Our LC-MS method is able to simultaneously quantify several steroid hormones with high specificity, accuracy and sensitivity in serum of two different mammal species. Our method constitutes a useful and performant tool for veterinary clinicians and LC-MS should thus be used to update and refine the current knowledge about the endocrinology of pregnancy in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Dufour
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Justine Courtois
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ysaline Seynaeve
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Peeters
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Le Goff
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ponthier
- Equine Reproduction, Equine Clinic Department, University of Liège (ULiège), 5D, AV de Cureghem, B41, Quartier Vallée 2, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Ponthier J, Rigaux G, Parrilla-Hernandez S, Egyptien S, Gatez C, Carrasco Leroy C, Deleuze S. Case Report: Suppression of Harem Stallion Behavior and Fertility Following Anti-Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Vaccination of a Captive Wild Przewalski's Horse ( Equus ferus przewalskii). Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:569185. [PMID: 33330690 PMCID: PMC7732509 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.569185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes an option to modulate the testicular function of wild horses and field methods to assess it. Non-surgical castration of a captive wild Przewalski's stallion with anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunization was performed by sub-cutaneous injection of two doses of 450 μg (3 ml) of GnRH conjugated to diphtheria toxin, further repeated every 6 months. Semen quality was assessed after collection by electro-ejaculation under general anesthesia. Endocrine and behavioral consequences were studied during a 2-year follow-up period. The procedure of electro-ejaculation was safe and effective to collect spermatozoa. Motility was low but was improved by a significant dilution of sample (1v/4v−1v/5v) after collection. Immuno-neutering resulted in a decrease of the total spermatozoa number and motility 1 month after primary vaccination. However, infertility could not yet be guaranteed. Six months post-vaccination, serum testosterone concentrations had decreased and the treated stallion had lost his harem stallion role. Moreover, at the same time, the total spermatozoa number was near zero with no motile spermatozoa, and offspring was no longer observed. As a conclusion, electro-ejaculation under general anesthesia is suitable on wild horses to obtain spermatozoa that should be washed or largely diluted before use for artificial insemination (AI) programs. Anti-GnRH immuno-neutering protocol led to a dramatic decrease of spermatozoa number, motility, and testosterone production. This also induced deep changes in the social structure of the band. Such technique could be considered as an alternative to surgical castration in wild horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Ponthier
- Equine and Companion Animal Reproduction Pathologies Clinic, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Goulven Rigaux
- Domaine des Grottes de Han, Han sur Lesse, Rochefort, Belgium
| | | | - Sophie Egyptien
- Equine and Companion Animal Reproduction Pathologies Clinic, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Carine Gatez
- Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Stéfan Deleuze
- Equine and Companion Animal Reproduction Pathologies Clinic, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Ponthier J, de la Rebière G, Salciccia A, Deleuze S. Endoscopy Guided Photoablation of Endometrial Cysts using a 980 nm Laser with a Contact Fiber in Mares. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32744528 DOI: 10.3791/61569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In mares, endometrial cysts are associated with endometriosis and can cause maternal recognition failure or compromise and delay pregnancy diagnoses. Historical treatments were invasive and had adverse effects on the endometrium. Hysteroscopically guided laser therapy is easy and effective for endometrial cysts resection, with no deleterious effects for the endometrium. A 110 cm long and 1.0 cm wide endoscope is sterilely introduced in the uterus through the open cervix of an estrous mare after vulvar cleaning. The uterus is slowly infused with less than 1 L of physiologic solution and the laser fiber is inserted in the biopsy canal of the endoscope. Cysts are then cauterized with the 980 nm diode laser with a contact fiber set at 20‒2 5W in continuous mode. Each cyst is punctured until complete voiding of the cyst and shrinking of the cyst wall around the fiber. Uterine lavages with sterile saline solution are performed directly after the surgery and for one or two days as non-inflammatory fluid can be observed. This procedure is easy and quickly performed, with no obvious deleterious effects. Cysts resection makes ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis easier and, in some cases, could restore proper embryo migration in the uterine horns between day 6.5 and 17. However, this treatment does not improve the underlying histological lesions related to endometriosis. These considerations should be clearly expressed to the breeder before this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Ponthier
- Equine Reproduction, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Liège University;
| | | | | | - Stéfan Deleuze
- Equine Reproduction, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Liège University
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Rigaux G, Parrilla-Hernandez S, Egyptien S, Gatez C, Carrasco-Leroy C, Deleuze S, Ponthier J. On-field Electro-ejaculation of Wild Prezwalski Horses: Results and Perspectives. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Ponthier J, Franck T, Parrilla-Hernandez S, Niesten A, de la Rebiere G, Serteyn D, Deleuze S. Concentration, activity and biochemical characterization of myeloperoxidase in fresh and post-thaw equine semen and their implication on freezability. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:285-91. [PMID: 24479950 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a pro-oxidant enzyme associated with decreased motility in thawed equine semen. This study aimed to describe MPO concentration, activity and subunits in raw and thawed semen and to correlate these data with motilities in raw and thawed semen. Semen samples from five stallions were collected four times. Motilities were assessed in raw and thawed semen. MPO assays were performed in raw seminal plasma, raw sperm-rich pellet and thawed semen. Total and active MPO concentrations were, respectively, assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and specific immunological extraction followed by enzymatic detection. MPO subunits present in semen were characterized by Western blot. Purified active MPO was added in saline solution and freezing extender to control its activity during freezing procedure. Differences between medians were determined using Kruskal-Wallis test, and correlations were determined using Spearman's test for nonparametric data. Active MPO concentration was low in seminal plasma and thawed semen, but high in pellet (p = 0.0058), as the opposite relation was observed for total MPO concentration (p < 0.0001). In seminal plasma and post-thaw semen, inactive 86-kDa MPO precursor was mainly observed. Purified MPO activity was decreased in the extender (p = 0.0286). MPO activity in pellet was highly correlated with thawed progressive motility (r = -0.5576, p = 0.0086). Inactive MPO precursor and unknown low molecular weight inactive MPO precursor subunits explain low MPO activity in semen. Major MPO activity was observed in pellet, and post-thaw loss of activity is partially explained by MPO inactivation in extender. Thawed semen motility was negatively correlated with MPO activity in pellet, becoming a potential freezability predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ponthier
- Equine Clinic, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, ULg University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; LINALUX-MLS, Centre Européen du Cheval, Vielsalm, Belgium
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11
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Ponthier J, de Tullio P, Blommaert D, Parrilla-Hernandez S, Deleuze S. Sperm motility and lactate production at different sperm concentrations. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Salciccia A, de la Rebière de Pouyade G, Ponthier J, Cerri S, Parrilla-Hernandez S, Grulke S. Use of an automatic stapling device during castration to prevent (re)occurrence of inguinal hernia in horses with large vaginal rings. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Ponthier J, Teague SR, Franck TY, de la Rebière G, Serteyn DD, Brinsko SP, Love CC, Blanchard TL, Varner DD, Deleuze SC. Effect of non-sperm cells removal with single-layer colloidal centrifugation on myeloperoxidase concentration in post-thaw equine semen. Theriogenology 2013; 80:1082-7. [PMID: 24054552 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a pro-oxidant enzyme contained in and released by neutrophils during degranulation or after lysis. Post-thaw semen contains MPO and its concentration is associated with decreased sperm motility. Recently, MPO concentration in post-thaw semen was shown to be associated with the presence of non-sperm cells (NSC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single-layer colloidal centrifugation before cryopreservation on NSC and MPO concentrations in equine semen. The experimental design consisted of freezing semen with or without previous centrifugation through two concentrations of single-layer colloid media. Non-sperm cells and MPO concentrations were assessed in pellet and upper layer at each step of the procedure and MPO was detected in cells by immunocytochemistry. Single-layer colloid centrifugation decreased NSC and MPO concentrations in post-thaw semen. The MPO concentration was correlated with concentration of NSC in the upper layer of the supernatant. In post-thaw semen, with or without previous single-layer colloid centrifugation, MPO concentration was correlated with concentration of NSC. Overall, neutrophils were rarely observed and NSC were mainly epithelial cells or cellular debris, as demonstrated by MPO immunocytochemistry. At all steps of the semen processing and cryopreservation, MPO immunostaining was clearly identified only on NSC. In conclusion, our study shows that NSC present in fresh semen release MPO during freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Ponthier
- Equine Clinic, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, ULg, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Ponthier J, Parrila-Hernandez S, Van Den Berghe F, Savic M, Deleuze S. A flow-cytometric study on the effect of myeloperoxidase on stallion spermatozoal motility and structure. J Equine Vet Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gennotte V, Franĉois E, Rougeot C, Ponthier J, Deleuze S, Mélard C. Sperm quality analysis in XX, XY and YY males of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Theriogenology 2012; 78:210-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ponthier J, Desvals M, Franck T, de la Rebière G, Spalart M, Palmer E, Serteyn D, Deleuze S. Myeloperoxidase in Equine Semen: Concentration and Localization during Freezing Processing. J Equine Vet Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ponthier J, Franck T, Detilleux J, Mottart E, Serteyn D, Deleuze S. Association between myeloperoxidase concentration in equine frozen semen and post-thawing parameters. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 45:811-6. [PMID: 19364394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite improvement of techniques, semen of 20% of stallions remains unfreezable. Recent studies focused on the impact of reactive oxygen species and oxidant enzymes on semen characteristics. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a pro-oxidant enzyme contained in and released by neutrophils during degranulation or after cell lysis. It is responsible for the formation of hypochlorous acid, a strong oxidant agent, which could damage spermatozoa. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between MPO concentration and characteristics of frozen semen from stallions. Thirty-five straws from different stallions were analysed. Post-thawing spermatozoal concentration, and progressive and total motility were determined by Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis. Freezability was determined according to post-thawing progressive motility (above or below 15%). Percentage of alive spermatozoa and abnormal forms was determined after Eosin-Nigrosin and Diff-Quick(®) staining, respectively. Post-thawing MPO concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our study shows that frozen thawed semen contains large amounts of free MPO. We also observed that post-thawing MPO ELISA assay can be used as an indicator of equine semen freezability. High MPO concentration samples showed lower total and progressive motility. A higher proportion of abnormal head shape associated with acrosome reaction was observed in our late examinations of the high concentration MPO group. Our results show that MPO adversely affects total and progressive motility of equine semen. A negative correlation between normal motile forms and MPO concentration was also observed. The effect of MPO on dead or abnormal forms remains to be precised.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ponthier
- Equine Clinic, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, ULg University of Liége, Liége, Belgium
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Verwilghen D, Ponthier J, Van Galen G, Salciccia A, Sandersen C, Serteyn D, Grulke S. The use of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the treatment of urethral urolithiasis in the horse: a preliminary study. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 22:1449-51. [PMID: 19000255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is widely used in equine practice for the treatment of orthopedic problems. However, its original use as a lithotripsy device in human and canine urology led us to postulate that it could be used as an alternative to the surgical treatment of urethral calculi in horses. HYPOTHESIS Radial ESWT can easily and safely fragment calculi in the distal urethra of the horse. ANIMALS Two postmortem cases and 1 live case of obstructive urinary disease admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Liege. METHODS A radial shockwave device was directly applied to the urethra in an attempt to fragment calculi. An ex vivo trial was performed on the same retrieved calculi to investigate pressure settings in order to obtain complete fragmentation of the calculus. RESULTS In all cases, radial ESWT was able to fragment the calculus partially, enabling retrieval of the remaining fragments via the urethra. Much higher pressure settings than those used for in vivo partial fragmentation were necessary to obtain complete destruction of the calculi ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This brief report suggests the use of radial ESWT as a safe and useful alternative to more invasive surgical management of urethral calculi in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Verwilghen
- Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liège, Liege 4000, Belgium.
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Ponthier J, Franck T, Mottart E, Serteyn D, Deleuze S. Equine frozen semen parameters in relation with total myeloperoxidase concentration. Anim Reprod Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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