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Rodrigues VST, Moura EG, Peixoto TC, Soares P, Lopes BP, Bertasso IM, Silva BS, Cabral S, Kluck GEG, Atella GC, Trindade PL, Daleprane JB, Oliveira E, Lisboa PC. The model of litter size reduction induces long-term disruption of the gut-brain axis: An explanation for the hyperphagia of Wistar rats of both sexes. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15191. [PMID: 35146951 PMCID: PMC8831958 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota affects the host's metabolic phenotype, impacting health and disease. The gut-brain axis unites the intestine with the centers of hunger and satiety, affecting the eating behavior. Deregulation of this axis can lead to obesity onset. Litter size reduction is a well-studied model for infant obesity because it causes overnutrition and programs for obesity. We hypothesize that animals raised in small litters (SL) have altered circuitry between the intestine and brain, causing hyperphagia. We investigated vagus nerve activity, the expression of c-Fos, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), gastrointestinal (GI) hormone receptors, and content of bacterial phyla and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces of adult male and female Wistar rats overfed during lactation. On the 3rd day after birth, litter size was reduced to 3 pups/litter (SL males or SL females) until weaning. Controls had normal litter size (10 pups/litter: 5 males and 5 females). The rats were killed at 5 months of age. The male and female offspring were analyzed separately. The SL group of both sexes showed higher food consumption and body adiposity than the respective controls. SL animals presented dysbiosis (increased Firmicutes, decreased Bacteroidetes) and had increased vagus nerve activity. Only the SL males had decreased hypothalamic GLP-1 receptor expression, while only the SL females had lower acetate and propionate in the feces and higher CCK receptor expression in the hypothalamus. Thus, overfeeding during lactation differentially changes the gut-brain axis, contributing to hyperphagia of the offspring of both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S. T. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyBiology InstituteState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Egberto G. Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyBiology InstituteState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Thamara C. Peixoto
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyBiology InstituteState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Patricia N. Soares
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyBiology InstituteState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Bruna P. Lopes
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyBiology InstituteState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Iala M. Bertasso
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyBiology InstituteState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Beatriz S. Silva
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyBiology InstituteState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - S. S. Cabral
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein BiochemistryBiochemistry InstituteFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - G. E. G. Kluck
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein BiochemistryBiochemistry InstituteFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - G. C. Atella
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein BiochemistryBiochemistry InstituteFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - P. L. Trindade
- Laboratory for studies of Interactions between Nutrition and GeneticsNutrition InstituteRio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - J. B. Daleprane
- Laboratory for studies of Interactions between Nutrition and GeneticsNutrition InstituteRio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Elaine Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyBiology InstituteState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Patricia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyBiology InstituteState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
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Rodrigues VST, Moura EG, Peixoto TC, Soares PN, Lopes BP, Oliveira E, Manhães AC, Atella GC, Kluck GEG, Cabral SS, Trindade PL, Daleprane JB, Lisboa PC. Changes in gut-brain axis parameters in adult rats of both sexes with different feeding pattern that were early nicotine-exposed. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112656. [PMID: 34740714 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is an endocrine disruptor and imprinting factor during breastfeeding that can cause food intake imbalance in the adulthood. As nicotine affects the intestinal microbiota, altering the composition of the bacterial communities and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) synthesis in a sex-dependent manner, we hypothesized that nicotine could program the gut-brain axis, consequently modifying the eating pattern of adult male and female rats in a model of maternal nicotine exposure (MNE) during breastfeeding. Lactating Wistar rat dams received minipumps that release 6 mg/kg/day of nicotine (MNE group) or saline for 14 days. The progeny received standard diet from weaning until euthanasia (26 weeks of age). We measured: in vivo electrical activity of the vagus nerve; c-Fos expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius, gastrointestinal peptides receptors, intestinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), SCFAs and microbiota. MNE females showed hyperphagia despite normal adiposity, while MNE males had unchanged food intake, despite obesity. Adult MNE offspring showed decreased Bacteroidetes and increased Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. MNE females had lower fecal acetate while MNE males showed higher vagus nerve activity. In summary nicotine exposure through the milk induces long-term intestinal dysbiosis, which may affect eating patterns of adult offspring in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S T Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - E G Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T C Peixoto
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - P N Soares
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - B P Lopes
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - E Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A C Manhães
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G C Atella
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G E G Kluck
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - S S Cabral
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - P L Trindade
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - J B Daleprane
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - P C Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Guzman‐Silva MA, Nasser EM, Lucas AMM, Soares LL, Daleprane JB, Feijo TS, Boaventura GT. Liver And Kidney Cell Proliferation During The Recovery From Malnutrition With Organic And Transgenic Soy. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.5.a1089-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - E M Nasser
- PathologyUFFRua Marques de Parana 303Niteroi24030‐210Brazil
| | - A M M Lucas
- NutritionUFFRua São Paulo 30Niteroi24000‐000Brazil
| | - L L Soares
- NutritionUFFRua São Paulo 30Niteroi24000‐000Brazil
| | | | - T S Feijo
- NutritionUFFRua São Paulo 30Niteroi24000‐000Brazil
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