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Forchelet D, Béguin S, Sajic T, Bararpour N, Pataky Z, Frias M, Grabherr S, Augsburger M, Liu Y, Charnley M, Déglon J, Aebersold R, Thomas A, Renaud P. Separation of blood microsamples by exploiting sedimentation at the microscale. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14101. [PMID: 30237536 PMCID: PMC6147834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsample analysis is highly beneficial in blood-based testing where cutting-edge bioanalytical technologies enable the analysis of volumes down to a few tens of microliters. Despite the availability of analytical methods, the difficulty in obtaining high-quality and standardized microsamples at the point of collection remains a major limitation of the process. Here, we detail and model a blood separation principle which exploits discrete viscosity differences caused by blood particle sedimentation in a laminar flow. Based on this phenomenon, we developed a portable capillary-driven microfluidic device that separates blood microsamples collected from finger-pricks and delivers 2 µL of metered serum for bench-top analysis. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated the high purity of generated microsamples. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses of the microsamples of 283 proteins and 1351 metabolite features was consistent with samples generated via a conventional centrifugation method. These results were confirmed by a clinical study scrutinising 8 blood markers in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Forchelet
- Microsystems Laboratory (LMIS4), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH, 1015, Switzerland.
| | - S Béguin
- ARC Training Centre in Biodevices, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - T Sajic
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH, 8093, Switzerland
| | - N Bararpour
- Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, CH, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Z Pataky
- Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva, CH, 1205, Switzerland
| | - M Frias
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva, CH, 1205, Switzerland
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva, CH, 1205, Switzerland
| | - S Grabherr
- Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, CH, 1211, Switzerland
| | - M Augsburger
- Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, CH, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH, 8093, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - M Charnley
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - J Déglon
- Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, CH, 1211, Switzerland
| | - R Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH, 8093, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH, 8006, Switzerland
| | - A Thomas
- Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, CH, 1211, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Vulliette 04, Lausanne, CH, 1000, Switzerland
| | - P Renaud
- Microsystems Laboratory (LMIS4), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH, 1015, Switzerland
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Daali Y, Samer C, Déglon J, Thomas A, Chabert J, Rebsamen M, Staub C, Dayer P, Desmeules J. Oral flurbiprofen metabolic ratio assessment using a single-point dried blood spot. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012; 91:489-96. [PMID: 22237256 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether a single blood measurement using the minimally invasive technique of a finger prick to draw a blood sample of 5 µl (to yield a dried blood spot (DBS)) is suitable for the assessment of flurbiprofen (FLB) metabolic ratio (MR). Ten healthy volunteers who had been genotyped for CYP2C9 were recruited as subjects. They received FLB alone in session 1 and FLB with fluconazole in session 2. In session 3, the subjects were pretreated for 4 days with rifampicin and received FLB with the last dose of rifampicin on day 5. Plasma and DBS samples were obtained between 0 and 8 h after FLB administration, and urine was collected during the 8 h after administration. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs were comparable in DBS and plasma. FLB's apparent clearance values decreased by 35% in plasma and DBS during session 2 and increased by 75% in plasma and by 30% in DBS during session 3. Good correlations were observed between MRs calculated from urine, plasma, and DBS samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Daali
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Eap CB, Bourquin M, Martin J, Spagnoli J, Livoti S, Powell K, Baumann P, Déglon J. Plasma concentrations of the enantiomers of methadone and therapeutic response in methadone maintenance treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 2000; 61:47-54. [PMID: 11064183 DOI: 10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methadone is a 50:50 mixture of two enantiomers and (R)-methadone accounts for the majority of its opioid effect. The aim of this study was to determine whether a blood concentration of (R)-methadone can be associated with therapeutic response in addict patients in methadone maintenance treatment. Trough plasma concentrations of (R)-, (S)- and (R,S)-methadone were measured in 180 patients in maintenance treatment. Therapeutic response was defined by the absence of illicit opiate or cocaine in urine samples collected during a 2-month period prior to blood sampling. A large interindividual variability of (R)-methadone concentration-to-dose-to-weight ratios was found (mean, S.D., median, range: 112, 54, 100, 19-316 ng x kg/ml x mg). With regard to the consumption of illicit opiate (but not of cocaine), a therapeutic response was associated with (R)- (at 250 ng/ml) and (R,S)-methadone (at 400 ng/ml) but not with (S)-methadone concentrations. A higher specificity was calculated for (R)- than for (R,S)-methadone, as the number of non-responders above this threshold divided by the total number of non-responders was higher for (R,S)-methadone (19%) than for (R)-methadone (7%). The results support the use of therapeutic drug monitoring of (R)-methadone in cases of continued intake of illicit opiates. Due to the variability of methadone concentration-to-dose-to-weight ratios, theoretical doses of racemic methadone could be as small as 55 mg/day and as large as 921 mg/day to produce a plasma (R)-methadone concentration of 250 ng/ml in a 70-kg patient. This demonstrates the importance of individualizing methadone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Eap
- Unité de Biochimie et Psychopharmacologie Clinique, Département Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital de Cery, CH-1008, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Uehlinger C, Déglon J, Livoti S, Petitjean S, Waldvogel D, Ladewig D. Comparison of buprenorphine and methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence. Swiss multicentre study. Eur Addict Res 1998; 4 Suppl 1:13-8. [PMID: 9767201 DOI: 10.1159/000052036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A three-centre, randomised, double-blind study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of buprenorphine and methadone. This was the first European study to compare these agents and was based on a previous trial performed in the US. Opioid-dependent subjects were randomised to receive either sublingual buprenorphine or oral methadone daily. Both objective and subjective measures of efficacy were monitored weekly, and safety parameters were regularly monitored over the entire six-week study. Urinalysis showed that the two treatments were similar with a slight increase in opioid-negative urines noted in both groups. The retention rate in the buprenorphine group was lower than in the methadone group, although it has been suggested that the buprenorphine dose may have been too low for some patients. None of the side effects noted were considered serious and all were attributable to chronic opioid dependence. Experience of two years substitution treatment in Fribourg suggests that initial induction onto buprenorphine allows for patients to be subgrouped before being given the most appropriate maintenance agent. Further investigation is required into the different dose-related effects of buprenorphine seen in particular subsets of addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Uehlinger
- Psychosocial Centre of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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