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Baltaretu BR, Stevens WD, Freud E, Crawford JD. Occipital and parietal cortex participate in a cortical network for transsaccadic discrimination of object shape and orientation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11628. [PMID: 37468709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccades change eye position and interrupt vision several times per second, necessitating neural mechanisms for continuous perception of object identity, orientation, and location. Neuroimaging studies suggest that occipital and parietal cortex play complementary roles for transsaccadic perception of intrinsic versus extrinsic spatial properties, e.g., dorsomedial occipital cortex (cuneus) is sensitive to changes in spatial frequency, whereas the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) is modulated by changes in object orientation. Based on this, we hypothesized that both structures would be recruited to simultaneously monitor object identity and orientation across saccades. To test this, we merged two previous neuroimaging protocols: 21 participants viewed a 2D object and then, after sustained fixation or a saccade, judged whether the shape or orientation of the re-presented object changed. We, then, performed a bilateral region-of-interest analysis on identified cuneus and SMG sites. As hypothesized, cuneus showed both saccade and feature (i.e., object orientation vs. shape change) modulations, and right SMG showed saccade-feature interactions. Further, the cuneus activity time course correlated with several other cortical saccade/visual areas, suggesting a 'functional network' for feature discrimination. These results confirm the involvement of occipital/parietal cortex in transsaccadic vision and support complementary roles in spatial versus identity updating.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Baltaretu
- Centre for Vision Research and Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) Program, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Strasse 10F, 35394, Giessen, Hesse, Germany.
| | - W Dale Stevens
- Centre for Vision Research and Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) Program, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - E Freud
- Centre for Vision Research and Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) Program, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - J D Crawford
- Centre for Vision Research and Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) Program, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
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Luabeya GN, Yan X, Crawford JD. Influence of Gaze Direction on Hand Location and Orientation in a Memory-Guided Alignment Task. J Vis 2019. [DOI: 10.1167/19.10.219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle N. Luabeya
- Centre for Vision Research (York University)
- Vision Science to Applications (VISTA) (York University)
- Departments of Biology (York University)
| | - Xiaogang Yan
- Centre for Vision Research (York University)
- Vision Science to Applications (VISTA) (York University)
| | - J. D. Crawford
- Centre for Vision Research (York University)
- Vision Science to Applications (VISTA) (York University)
- Departments of Biology (York University)
- Departments of Kinesiology (York University)
- Department of Psychology (York University)
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Baltaretu BR, Monaco S, Velji-Ibrahim J, Luabeya GN, Crawford JD. Functional connectivity for updating grasp plans across saccades: An fMRIa study. J Vis 2019. [DOI: 10.1167/19.10.239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca R. Baltaretu
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
- Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) program, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
| | - Simona Monaco
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, IT
| | - Jena Velji-Ibrahim
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
- Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) program, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
- Department of Kinesiology, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
| | - Gaelle N. Luabeya
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
- Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) program, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
| | - J. D. Crawford
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
- Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) program, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
- Department of Kinesiology, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
- Department of Psychology, & Neuroscience Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, CA
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Sachdev PS, Lipnicki DM, Crawford JD, Brodaty H. The Vascular Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders criteria for vascular cognitive disorders: a validation study. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:1161-1167. [PMID: 30927497 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Vascular Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders (VASCOG) criteria for vascular cognitive disorders were published in 2014, but their concurrent and predictive validity have not been examined. METHODS Participants (N = 165, aged 49-86 years) were from Sydney Stroke Study, a longitudinal study of post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia. Diagnoses using the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - Association Internationale pour la Recherché et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences (NINDS-AIREN), the Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (ADDTC) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), criteria for vascular dementia (VaD) were made by consensus at multidisciplinary case conferences. Diagnoses for mild vascular cognitive disorder (mVCD) and VaD using VASCOG, DSM-5 and the Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study (VICCCS) criteria were made by two study authors. Agreement levels between criteria sets were examined using Cohen's kappa (κ). The ability of VaD diagnoses to predict mortality over 10 years and of mVCD to predict dementia over 5 years was investigated. RESULTS The VASCOG criteria yielded rates of mVCD slightly lower than for DSM-5 and VICCCS. VaD rates were similar for all criteria, although slightly lower for DSM-IV. Agreement between the VASCOG, VICCCS and DSM-5 criteria was excellent for VaD and mVCD (κ = 0.83-1.0), but lower for VaD between VASCOG and the other criteria (κ = 0.47-0.63). VaD-based mortality predictions were similar for the VASCOG, VICCCS and DSM-5 criteria, and higher than those for other criteria. The prediction of incident dementia within 5 years from mVCD was slightly lower with VASCOG criteria than with DSM-5 and VICCCS criteria. CONCLUSIONS The VASCOG criteria have greater sensitivity, modest concurrent validity and better predictive validity than older criteria for VaD, but are comparable to DSM-5 and VICCCS criteria. Their operationalization and inclusion of a mild VCD category make them useful for clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - D M Lipnicki
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - J D Crawford
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - H Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Academic Department for Old Age Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Chen Y, Crawford JD. Cortical Activation during Landmark-Centered vs. Gaze-Centered Memory of Saccade Targets in the Human: An FMRI Study. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:44. [PMID: 28690501 PMCID: PMC5481872 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A remembered saccade target could be encoded in egocentric coordinates such as gaze-centered, or relative to some external allocentric landmark that is independent of the target or gaze (landmark-centered). In comparison to egocentric mechanisms, very little is known about such a landmark-centered representation. Here, we used an event-related fMRI design to identify brain areas supporting these two types of spatial coding (i.e., landmark-centered vs. gaze-centered) for target memory during the Delay phase where only target location, not saccade direction, was specified. The paradigm included three tasks with identical display of visual stimuli but different auditory instructions: Landmark Saccade (remember target location relative to a visual landmark, independent of gaze), Control Saccade (remember original target location relative to gaze fixation, independent of the landmark), and a non-spatial control, Color Report (report target color). During the Delay phase, the Control and Landmark Saccade tasks activated overlapping areas in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and frontal cortex as compared to the color control, but with higher activation in PPC for target coding in the Control Saccade task and higher activation in temporal and occipital cortex for target coding in Landmark Saccade task. Gaze-centered directional selectivity was observed in superior occipital gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus, whereas landmark-centered directional selectivity was observed in precuneus and midposterior intraparietal sulcus. During the Response phase after saccade direction was specified, the parietofrontal network in the left hemisphere showed higher activation for rightward than leftward saccades. Our results suggest that cortical activation for coding saccade target direction relative to a visual landmark differs from gaze-centered directional selectivity for target memory, from the mechanisms for other types of allocentric tasks, and from the directionally selective mechanisms for saccade planning and execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Center for Vision Research, York University, TorontoON, Canada.,Departments of Psychology, Biology, and Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, TorontoON, Canada.,Canadian Action and Perception Network, TorontoON, Canada
| | - J D Crawford
- Center for Vision Research, York University, TorontoON, Canada.,Departments of Psychology, Biology, and Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, TorontoON, Canada.,Canadian Action and Perception Network, TorontoON, Canada.,Vision: Science to Applications Program, York University, TorontoON, Canada
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Heuer A, Schubö A, Crawford JD. Different Cortical Mechanisms for Spatial vs. Feature-Based Attentional Selection in Visual Working Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:415. [PMID: 27582701 PMCID: PMC4987349 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited capacity of visual working memory (VWM) necessitates attentional mechanisms that selectively update and maintain only the most task-relevant content. Psychophysical experiments have shown that the retroactive selection of memory content can be based on visual properties such as location or shape, but the neural basis for such differential selection is unknown. For example, it is not known if there are different cortical modules specialized for spatial vs. feature-based mnemonic attention, in the same way that has been demonstrated for attention to perceptual input. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to identify areas in human parietal and occipital cortex involved in the selection of objects from memory based on cues to their location (spatial information) or their shape (featural information). We found that TMS over the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) selectively facilitated spatial selection, whereas TMS over the lateral occipital cortex (LO) selectively enhanced feature-based selection for remembered objects in the contralateral visual field. Thus, different cortical regions are responsible for spatial vs. feature-based selection of working memory representations. Since the same regions are involved in terms of attention to external events, these new findings indicate overlapping mechanisms for attentional control over perceptual input and mnemonic representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Heuer
- Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Schubö
- Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - J D Crawford
- Centre for Vision Research, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Action and Perception Network, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Psychology, Biology, and Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada
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Tanaka LL, Dessing JC, Malik P, Prime SL, Crawford JD. The effects of TMS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on trans-saccadic memory of multiple objects. Neuropsychologia 2014; 63:185-93. [PMID: 25192630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Humans typically make several rapid eye movements (saccades) per second. It is thought that visual working memory can retain and spatially integrate three to four objects or features across each saccade but little is known about this neural mechanism. Previously we showed that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the posterior parietal cortex and frontal eye fields degrade trans-saccadic memory of multiple object features (Prime, Vesia, & Crawford, 2008, Journal of Neuroscience, 28(27), 6938-6949; Prime, Vesia, & Crawford, 2010, Cerebral Cortex, 20(4), 759-772.). Here, we used a similar protocol to investigate whether dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), an area involved in spatial working memory, is also involved in trans-saccadic memory. Subjects were required to report changes in stimulus orientation with (saccade task) or without (fixation task) an eye movement in the intervening memory interval. We applied single-pulse TMS to left and right DLPFC during the memory delay, timed at three intervals to arrive approximately 100 ms before, 100 ms after, or at saccade onset. In the fixation task, left DLPFC TMS produced inconsistent results, whereas right DLPFC TMS disrupted performance at all three intervals (significantly for presaccadic TMS). In contrast, in the saccade task, TMS consistently facilitated performance (significantly for left DLPFC/perisaccadic TMS and right DLPFC/postsaccadic TMS) suggesting a dis-inhibition of trans-saccadic processing. These results are consistent with a neural circuit of trans-saccadic memory that overlaps and interacts with, but is partially separate from the circuit for visual working memory during sustained fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Tanaka
- Centre for Vision Research and Canadian Action and Perception Network, York University, Toronto, Canada; Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program and Departments of Psychology, Biology, and Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - J C Dessing
- Centre for Vision Research and Canadian Action and Perception Network, York University, Toronto, Canada; School of Psychology, Queen׳s University Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - P Malik
- Centre for Vision Research and Canadian Action and Perception Network, York University, Toronto, Canada; Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program and Departments of Psychology, Biology, and Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - S L Prime
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J D Crawford
- Centre for Vision Research and Canadian Action and Perception Network, York University, Toronto, Canada; Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program and Departments of Psychology, Biology, and Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, Toronto, Canada.
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Alomawi N, Dessing JC, Yan X, Crawford JD. Influence of Visual Feedback on Gaze-Dependent and Location-Dependent Errors in Grasp Location and Orientation. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Baltaretu BR, Dunkley BT, Crawford JD. Trans-saccadic integration of spatial frequency information in an fMRIa paradigm. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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10
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Chen Y, Crawford JD. Neural substrates for allocentric-to-egocentric conversion of target representation for memory-guided reach. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Barakat T, Cappadocia DC, Gharavi K, Fallah M, Crawford JD. The influence of spatio-temporal structure on sequential eye and arm movements to remembered visual targets. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Reppermund S, Brodaty H, Crawford JD, Kochan NA, Draper B, Slavin MJ, Trollor JN, Sachdev PS. Impairment in instrumental activities of daily living with high cognitive demand is an early marker of mild cognitive impairment: the Sydney memory and ageing study. Psychol Med 2013; 43:2437-2445. [PMID: 23308393 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171200308x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) consider impairment in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) as exclusionary, but cross-sectional studies suggest that some high-level functional deficits are present in MCI. This longitudinal study examines informant-rated IADL in MCI, compared with cognitively normal (CN) older individuals, and explores whether functional abilities, particularly those with high cognitive demand, are predictors of MCI and dementia over a 2-year period in individuals who were CN at baseline. METHOD A sample of 602 non-demented community dwelling individuals (375 CN and 227 with MCI) aged 70-90 years underwent baseline and 24-month assessments that included cognitive and medical assessments and an interview with a knowledgeable informant on functional abilities with the Bayer Activities of Daily Living Scale. RESULTS Significantly more deficits in informant-reported IADL with high cognitive demand were present in MCI compared with CN individuals at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Functional ability in CN individuals at baseline, particularly in activities with high cognitive demand, predicted MCI and dementia at follow-up. Difficulties with highly cognitively demanding activities specifically predicted amnestic MCI but not non-amnestic MCI whereas those with low cognitive demand did not predict MCI or dementia. Age, depressive symptoms, cardiovascular risk factors and the sex of the informant did not contribute to the prediction. CONCLUSIONS IADL are affected in individuals with MCI, and IADL with a high cognitive demand show impairment predating the diagnosis of MCI. Subtle cognitive impairment is therefore likely to be a major hidden burden in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Le A, Vesia M, Yan X, Niemeier M, Crawford JD. The Right Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus Is Critical for Bimanual Grasping: A TMS Study. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:2591-603. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Shahnawaz Z, Reppermund S, Brodaty H, Crawford JD, Draper B, Trollor JN, Sachdev PS. Prevalence and characteristics of depression in mild cognitive impairment: the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013; 127:394-402. [PMID: 22943523 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression might be a risk factor for dementia. However, little is known about the prevalence of depressive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and whether mood or motivation-related symptoms are predominant. METHOD A total of 767 non-demented community-dwelling adults aged 70-90 years completed a comprehensive assessment, including neuropsychological testing, and a past psychiatric/medical history interview. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the GDS and K10 to derive 'mood' and 'motivation' subscales. RESULTS A total of 290 participants were classified as having MCI and 468 as cognitively normal (CN). Participants with MCI reported more depressive symptoms, and more MCI participants met the cut-off for clinically significant symptoms, relative to CN participants. Those with amnestic MCI (aMCI), but not non-amnestic MCI, had more depressive symptoms and were more likely to meet the cut-off for clinically significant depressive symptoms, relative to CN participants. Participants with MCI reported more mood-related symptoms than CN participants, while there were no differences between groups on motivation-related symptoms. CONCLUSION Individuals with MCI, especially aMCI, endorse more depressive symptoms when compared with cognitively intact individuals. These findings highlight the importance of assessing and treating depressive symptoms in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Shahnawaz
- Brain and Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Monaco S, Chen Y, Medendorp WP, Crawford JD, Fiehler K, Henriques DYP. Functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation reveals the cortical networks for processing grasp-relevant object properties. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:1540-54. [PMID: 23362111 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grasping behaviors require the selection of grasp-relevant object dimensions, independent of overall object size. Previous neuroimaging studies found that the intraparietal cortex processes object size, but it is unknown whether the graspable dimension (i.e., grasp axis between selected points on the object) or the overall size of objects triggers activation in that region. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation to investigate human brain areas involved in processing the grasp-relevant dimension of real 3-dimensional objects in grasping and viewing tasks. Trials consisted of 2 sequential stimuli in which the object's grasp-relevant dimension, its global size, or both were novel or repeated. We found that calcarine and extrastriate visual areas adapted to object size regardless of the grasp-relevant dimension during viewing tasks. In contrast, the superior parietal occipital cortex (SPOC) and lateral occipital complex of the left hemisphere adapted to the grasp-relevant dimension regardless of object size and task. Finally, the dorsal premotor cortex adapted to the grasp-relevant dimension in grasping, but not in viewing, tasks, suggesting that motor processing was complete at this stage. Taken together, our results provide a complete cortical circuit for progressive transformation of general object properties into grasp-related responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Monaco
- York University, Centre for Vision Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kokubu M, Dessing JC, Crawford JD. Hand-specificity in gaze-dependent memory-guided reach errors. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Dash S, Yan X, Wang H, Crawford JD. Continuous updating of superior colliculus visuospatial memory responses during smooth pursuit eye movements. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Dessing JC, Kokubu M, Abadeh A, Byrne PA, Crawford JD. Online visual feedback of the hand suppresses gaze-dependent overshoots in memory-guided reach. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Cappadocia DC, Gharavi K, Vesia M, Dessing JC, Yan X, Crawford JD. The effects of TMS over PPC in a visual feature memory / saccade task. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Reppermund S, Brodaty H, Crawford JD, Kochan NA, Slavin MJ, Trollor JN, Draper B, Sachdev PS. The relationship of current depressive symptoms and past depression with cognitive impairment and instrumental activities of daily living in an elderly population: the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. J Psychiatr Res 2011; 45:1600-7. [PMID: 21871636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are common in the elderly and they have been associated with cognitive and functional impairment. However, relatively less is known about the relationship of a lifetime history of depression to cognitive impairment and functional status. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess whether current depressive symptoms and past depression are associated with cognitive or functional impairment in a community-based sample representative of east Sydney, Australia. We also examined whether there was an interaction between current and past depression in their effects on cognitive performance. Eight hundred non-demented aged participants received a neuropsychological assessment, a past psychiatric history interview and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. The Bayer-Activities of Daily Living scale was completed by an informant to determine functional ability. Clinically relevant depressive symptoms were present in 6.1% of the sample and 16.6% reported a history of depression. Participants with current depression had significantly higher levels of psychological distress and anxiety, and lower life satisfaction and performed worse on memory and executive function compared to participants without current depression. After controlling for anxiety the effect on executive function was no longer significant while the effect on memory remained significant. A history of depression was associated with worse executive function, higher levels of psychological distress and anxiety, and lower life satisfaction. After controlling for psychological distress the effect of past depression on executive function was no longer significant. There were no significant interactions between current and past depression in their effects on cognitive performance. There were no differences between participants with or without current depression and with or without past depression on functional abilities. These results support the view that current and past depressive episodes are associated with poorer cognitive performance but not with functional abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reppermund
- Brain and Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick Campus, Building R1f, UNSW, NSW 2052, Sydney, Australia.
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Vesia M, Prime S, Yan X, Sergio L, Crawford JD. Parietal regions specialized for saccades and reach in the human: a rTMS study. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Dessing JC, Crawford JD, Medendorp WP. Testing the spatial reference frames used for manual interception. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Chen Y, Byrne P, Crawford JD. Time-course of allocentric-to-egocentric conversion in memory-guided reach. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Reh T, Dessing JC, Crawford JD, Bremmer F. Learning arbitrary visuoauditory mappings during interception of moving targets. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Cappadocia DC, Vesia M, Byrne PA, Yan X, Crawford JD. Saccade target selection in subjects cued to remember single or multiple visual features. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Keith GP, DeSouza JFX, Yan X, Wang H, Crawford JD. A new method for determining neuron receptive field reference-frames. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Blohm G, Khan AZ, Schreiber KM, Ren L, Crawford JD. The role of extraretinal signals in egocentric depth estimation. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Vesia M, Monteon JA, Sergio LE, Crawford JD. Single-pulse TMS over dorsal posterior parietal cortex disrupts memory-guided pointing in humans. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Constantin AG, Wang H, Martinez-Trujillo J, Crawford JD. Frames of reference for gaze shifts in lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP). J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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DeSouza JFX, Yan X, Blohm G, Keith GP, Wang H, Crawford JD. Gaze position effects and position-dependent motor tuning from primate superior colliculus (SC) neurons during head-unrestrained visually guided movements. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Blohm G, Crawford JD. Egocentric distance estimation requires eye-head position signals. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Monteon JA, Wang H, Martinez-Trujillo JC, Crawford JD. Microstimulation of the frontal eye filed evokes kinematically normal gaze shifts. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Khan AZ, Pisella L, Rossetti Y, Crawford JD. Initial hand position and movement direction affect reaching in a unilateral optic ataxia patient. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Prime SL, Vesia M, Crawford JD. TMS over the posterior parietal cortex disrupts transsaccadic memory. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Blohm G, Gaetz WC, Goltz HC, DeSouza JFX, Bells S, Cheyne DO, Crawford JD. Cortical oscillations in human posterior parietal cortex during visually-guided reach planning. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Keith GP, Blohm G, Crawford JD. A recurrent neural network for trans-saccadic spatial updating produces receptive field remapping and suppressed moving hills. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Prime SL, Crawford JD. Storing visual object features and locations across saccades. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Vesia M, Henriques D, Yan X, Sergio L, Crawford JD. TMS over posterior parietal cortex disrupts the integration of initial hand position information into the reach plan. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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DeSouza J, Blohm G, Yan X, Wang H, Crawford JD. Superior colliculus (SC) neural activity codes visually guided head-unrestrained gaze movements in retinal coordinates. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Khan A, Blohm G, Ren L, Crawford JD. Independent gaze-centered representations of reach targets viewed with left vs. right eye. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Monteon JA, Martinez-Trujillo JC, Wang H, Crawford JD. Frames of reference for eye-head gaze shifts evoked during stimulation of the primate frontal eye fields. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Feloiu FD, Marotta JJ, Black SE, Crawford JD. Adaptation to reversing prisms: Pointing in patients with right-parietal damage. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Niemeier M, Crawford JD, Tweed DB. As good as it gets -- testing a bayesian model of transsaccadic change blindness. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/2.7.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Niemeier M, Crawford JD, Tweed DB. A probabilistic model of transsaccadic integration. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/1.3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Medendorp WP, Tweed D, Crawford JD. Modeling spatial updating during head-free gaze shifts. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/1.3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Constantin AG, Wang H, Monteon JA, Martinez-Trujillo JC, Crawford JD. 3-Dimensional eye-head coordination in gaze shifts evoked during stimulation of the lateral intraparietal cortex. Neuroscience 2009; 164:1284-302. [PMID: 19733631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated eye-head gaze shifts have been evoked during electrical stimulation of the frontal cortex (supplementary eye field (SEF) and frontal eye field (FEF)) and superior colliculus (SC), but less is known about the role of lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP) in head-unrestrained gaze shifts. To explore this, two monkeys (M1 and M2) were implanted with recording chambers and 3-D eye+ head search coils. Tungsten electrodes delivered trains of electrical pulses (usually 200 ms duration) to and around area LIP during head-unrestrained gaze fixations. A current of 200 muA consistently evoked small, short-latency contralateral gaze shifts from 152 sites in M1 and 243 sites in M2 (Constantin et al., 2007). Gaze kinematics were independent of stimulus amplitude and duration, except that subsequent saccades were suppressed. The average amplitude of the evoked gaze shifts was 8.46 degrees for M1 and 8.25 degrees for M2, with average head components of only 0.36 and 0.62 degrees respectively. The head's amplitude contribution to these movements was significantly smaller than in normal gaze shifts, and did not increase with behavioral adaptation. Stimulation-evoked gaze, eye and head movements qualitatively obeyed normal 3-D constraints (Donders' law and Listing's law), but with less precision. As in normal behavior, when the head was restrained LIP stimulation evoked eye-only saccades in Listing's plane, whereas when the head was not restrained, stimulation evoked saccades with position-dependent torsional components (driving the eye out of Listing's plane). In behavioral gaze-shifts, the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) then drives torsion back into Listing's plane, but in the absence of subsequent head movement the stimulation-induced torsion was "left hanging". This suggests that the position-dependent torsional saccade components are preprogrammed, and that the oculomotor system was expecting a head movement command to follow the saccade. These data show that, unlike SEF, FEF, and SC stimulation in nearly identical conditions, LIP stimulation fails to produce normally-coordinated eye-head gaze shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Constantin
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
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Vesia M, Yan X, Henriques DY, Sergio LE, Crawford JD. Transcranial magnetic stimulation over human dorsal-lateral posterior parietal cortex disrupts integration of hand position signals into the reach plan. J Neurophysiol 2008; 100:2005-14. [PMID: 18684904 DOI: 10.1152/jn.90519.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has been implicated in the integration of visual and proprioceptive information for the planning of action. We previously reported that single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over dorsal-lateral PPC perturbs the early stages of spatial processing for memory-guided reaching. However, our data did not distinguish whether TMS disrupted the reach goal or the internal estimate of initial hand position needed to calculate the reach vector. To test between these hypotheses, we investigated reaching in six healthy humans during left and right parietal TMS while varying visual feedback of the movement. We reasoned that if TMS were disrupting the internal representation of hand position, visual feedback from the hand might still recalibrate this signal. We tested four viewing conditions: 1) final vision of hand position; 2) full vision of hand position; 3) initial and final vision of hand position; and 4) middle and final vision of hand position. During the final vision condition, left parietal stimulation significantly increased endpoint variability, whereas right parietal stimulation produced a significant leftward shift in both visual fields. However, these errors significantly decreased with visual feedback of the hand during both planning and control stages of the reach movement. These new findings demonstrate that 1) visual feedback of hand position during the planning and early execution of the reach can recalibrate the perturbed signal and, importantly, and 2) TMS over dorsal-lateral PPC does not disrupt the internal representation of the visual goal, but rather the reach vector, or more likely the sense of initial hand position that is used to calculate this vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vesia
- Centre for Vision Research, Canadian Institutes of Health Research Group on Action and Perception, Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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Ren L, Blohm G, Crawford JD. Comparing limb proprioception and oculomotor signals during hand-guided saccades. Exp Brain Res 2007; 182:189-98. [PMID: 17551720 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-007-0981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that saccades tend to overshoot briefly flashed targets that were manually displaced in the dark (Ren et al. 2006). However it was not clear if the overshoot originated from a sensory error in measuring hand displacement or from a premotor error in saccade programming, because gaze and hand position started at the same central position. Here, we tested between these hypotheses by dissociating the initial eye and hand position. Five hand/target positions (center, far, near, right, left) on a frontally-placed horizontal surface were used in four paradigms: Center or Peripheral Eye-hand Association (CA or PA, both gaze and right hand started from the center or a same peripheral location) and Hand or Eye Dissociation (HD or ED, hand or gaze started from one of three non-target peripheral locations). Subjects never received any visual feedback about the final target location and the subjects' hand displacement. In the CA paradigm, subjects showed the same overshoot that we showed previously. However, changing both initial eye and hand positions relative to the final target (PA) affected the pattern, significantly altering the directions of overshoots. Changing only the initial position of hand (HD) did not have this effect, whereas changing only initial eye position (ED) had the same effect as the PA condition (CA approximately HD, PA approximately ED). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis showed that the direction of the ideal saccade contributed significantly to the endpoint direction error, not the direction of the hand path. These results suggest that these errors do not primarily arise from misestimates of the hand trajectory, but rather from a process of comparing the initial eye position and the limb proprioceptive signal during saccade programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ren
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Rm. 0003C, Computer Science and Engineering Bldg, 4700 Keele Street, M3J 1P3 Toronto, ON, Canada.
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