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Wright PF, Hoen AG, Jarvis JD, Zens MS, Dade EF, Karagas MR, Taube J, Brickley EB. Bronchiolitis hospitalizations in rural New England: clues to disease prevention. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2022; 9:20499361221099447. [PMID: 35651526 PMCID: PMC9150225 DOI: 10.1177/20499361221099447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An improved understanding of the clinico-epidemiology of bronchiolitis hospitalizations, a clinical surrogate of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease, is critical to inform public health strategies for mitigating the in-patient burden of bronchiolitis in early life. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all bronchiolitis first admissions (N = 295) to the Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth-Hitchcock, CHaD, between 1 November 2010 and 31 October 2017 using the relevant International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes for this illness. Abstracted data included laboratory confirmation of RSV infection, severity of illness, duration of hospitalization, age at admission in days, weight at admission, prematurity, siblings, and relevant medical pre-existing conditions. Results: Admissions for bronchiolitis were strongly associated with age of the child, the calendar month of an infant’s birth, and the presence of older children in the family. Medical risk factors associated with admission included premature birth and underlying cardiopulmonary disease. Conclusion: The very early age of hospitalization emphasizes the high penetration of RSV in the community, by implication the limited protection afforded by maternal antibody, and the complexity of protecting infants from this infection. Plain Language Summary Although risks for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)/bronchiolitis hospitalization are well described, few studies have examined, with precision, the age-related frequency and severity of RSV/bronchiolitis. We also explore the implications of RSV clinico-epidemiology for our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and development of optimal approaches to prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Anne G. Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - J. Dean Jarvis
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Michael S. Zens
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Erika F. Dade
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth B. Brickley
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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2
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Annett RD, Bickel S, Carlson JC, Cowan K, Cox S, Fisher MJ, Jarvis JD, Kong AS, Kosut JS, Kulbeth KR, Laptook A, McElfish PA, McNally MM, Pachter LM, Pahud BA, Pyles LA, Shaw J, Simonsen K, Snowden J, Turley CB, Atz AM. Capacity Building for a New Multicenter Network Within the ECHO IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:679516. [PMID: 34336738 PMCID: PMC8316720 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.679516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Research capacity building is a critical component of professional development for pediatrician scientists, yet this process has been elusive in the literature. The ECHO IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network (ISPCTN) seeks to implement pediatric trials across medically underserved and rural populations. A key component of achieving this objective is building pediatric research capacity, including enhancement of infrastructure and faculty development. This article presents findings from a site assessment inventory completed during the initial year of the ISPCTN. Methods: An assessment inventory was developed for surveying ISPCTN sites. The inventory captured site-level activities designed to increase clinical trial research capacity for pediatrician scientists and team members. The inventory findings were utilized by the ISPCTN Data Coordinating and Operations Center to construct training modules covering 3 broad domains: Faculty/coordinator development; Infrastructure; Trials/Research concept development. Results: Key lessons learned reveal substantial participation in the training modules, the importance of an inventory to guide the development of trainings, and recognizing local barriers to clinical trials research. Conclusions: Research networks that seek to implement successfully completed trials need to build capacity across and within the sites engaged. Our findings indicate that building research capacity is a multi-faceted endeavor, but likely necessary for sustainability of a unique network addressing high impact pediatric health problems. The ISPCTN emphasis on building and enhancing site capacity, including pediatrician scientists and team members, is critical to successful trial implementation/completion and the production of findings that enhance the lives of children and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Annett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Scott Bickel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - John C Carlson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kelly Cowan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Sara Cox
- Department of Community and Public Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Mark J Fisher
- Fran and Earl Ziegler College of Nursing, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - J Dean Jarvis
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Clinic: Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Alberta S Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jessica S Kosut
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hospitalist Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Kurtis R Kulbeth
- ECHO IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network Data Coordinating and Operations Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Abbot Laptook
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Mary M McNally
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Clinic: Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Lee M Pachter
- Institute for Research on Equity and Community Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Barbara A Pahud
- Children's Mercy Hospital - Kansas City Department of Infectious Diseases, Kansas University Medical Center, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Lee A Pyles
- Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Jennifer Shaw
- Division of Organizational Development and Innovation, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Kari Simonsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jessica Snowden
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, ECHO IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network Data Coordinating and Operations Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Christine B Turley
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Andrew M Atz
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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3
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Annett RD, Chervinskiy S, Chun TH, Cowan K, Foster K, Goodrich N, Hirschfeld M, Hsia DS, Jarvis JD, Kulbeth K, Madden C, Nesmith C, Raissy H, Ross J, Saul JP, Shiramizu B, Smith P, Sullivan JE, Tucker L, Atz AM. IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network for Underserved and Rural Communities. Pediatrics 2020; 146:peds.2020-0290. [PMID: 32943534 PMCID: PMC7786822 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The National Institutes of Health's Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program aims to study high-priority and high-impact pediatric conditions. This broad-based health initiative is unique in the National Institutes of Health research portfolio and involves 2 research components: (1) a large group of established centers with pediatric cohorts combining data to support longitudinal studies (ECHO cohorts) and (2) pediatric trials program for institutions within Institutional Development Awards states, known as the ECHO Institutional Development Awards States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network (ISPCTN). In the current presentation, we provide a broad overview of the ISPCTN and, particularly, its importance in enhancing clinical trials capabilities of pediatrician scientists through the support of research infrastructure, while at the same time implementing clinical trials that inform future health care for children. The ISPCTN research mission is aligned with the health priority conditions emphasized in the ECHO program, with a commitment to bringing state-of-the-science trials to children residing in underserved and rural communities. ISPCTN site infrastructure is critical to successful trial implementation and includes research training for pediatric faculty and coordinators. Network sites exist in settings that have historically had limited National Institutes of Health funding success and lacked pediatric research infrastructure, with the initial funding directed to considerable efforts in professional development, implementation of regulatory procedures, and engagement of communities and families. The Network has made considerable headway with these objectives, opening two large research studies during its initial 18 months as well as producing findings that serve as markers of success that will optimize sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Annett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sheva Chervinskiy
- Data Coordinating and Operations Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Thomas H. Chun
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kelly Cowan
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | | | | | - Daniel S. Hsia
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | | | - Kurtis Kulbeth
- Data Coordinating and Operations Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Christi Madden
- The Children’s Hospital at University of Oklahoma Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Hengameh Raissy
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Judith Ross
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - J. Philip Saul
- Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Bruce Shiramizu
- Departments of Tropical Medicine, Pediatrics, and Medicine, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Paul Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Janice E. Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; and
| | - Lauren Tucker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Andrew M. Atz
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Madden C, Malloch L, Jarvis JD, McNally M, Foster K, Cox S, Swango-Wilson A, Faiella J, Bledsoe M, Chassereau L, Sanders S, Nunez O, McCauley G, Bancroft B, Snowden J, Nader P. Team Science Process Builds Research Coordinators' Voices in a National Pediatric Clinical Trials Network. SOCRA Source 2020; 2020:68-73. [PMID: 34354547 PMCID: PMC8336680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Geographically-dispersed teams have become the norm in clinical research collaborations. The Institutional Development Awards (IDeA) Program, first authorized by Congress in 1993 and managed by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, has been developed for the purpose of broadening the geographic distribution of National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for biomedical and behavioral research by enhancing the competitiveness for research funding of institutions located in states in which the aggregate success rate for grant applications to the NIH has historically been low. The IDeA States are composed of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the following 23 states: Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia, Wyoming. The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) research program's IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network (ISPCTN) was formed in 2016 with 24 sites within the IDeA states to provide clinical trial access to children in rural and underserved communities while building research capacity and infrastructure. In order to become effective, the network research coordinators used many methods to become more cohesive and productive. One of those methods was the use of Team Science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mary McNally
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, New Hampshire
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5
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Zozus MN, Young LW, Simon AE, Garza M, Lawrence L, Ounpraseuth ST, Bledsoe M, Newman-Norlund S, Jarvis JD, McNally M, Harris KR, McCulloh R, Aikman R, Cox S, Malloch L, Walden A, Snowden J, Chedjieu IM, Wicker CA, Atkins L, Devlin LA. Training as an Intervention to Decrease Medical Record Abstraction Errors Multicenter Studies. Stud Health Technol Inform 2019; 257:526-539. [PMID: 30741251 PMCID: PMC6692114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies often rely on medical record abstraction as a major source of data. However, data quality from medical record abstraction has long been questioned. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) potentially add variability to the abstraction process due to the complexity of navigating and locating study data within these systems. We report training for and initial quality assessment of medical record abstraction for a clinical study conducted by the IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network (ISPCTN) and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network (NRN) using medical record abstraction as the primary data source. As part of overall quality assurance, study-specific training for medical record abstractors was developed and deployed during study start-up. The training consisted of a didactic session with an example case abstraction and an independent abstraction of two standardized cases. Sixty-nine site abstractors from thirty sites were trained. The training was designed to achieve an error rate for each abstractor of no greater than 4.93% with a mean of 2.53%, at study initiation. Twenty-three percent of the trainees exceeded the acceptance limit on one or both of the training test cases, supporting the need for such training. We describe lessons learned in the design and operationalization of the study-specific, medical record abstraction training program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie W Young
- Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | - Maryam Garza
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Lora Lawrence
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | | | | | | | - J Dean Jarvis
- Children's Hospital at Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, NH
| | - Mary McNally
- Children's Hospital at Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, NH
| | | | | | | | - Sara Cox
- University of Montana School of Public and Community Health Sciences, Missoula, MT
| | - Lacy Malloch
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Anita Walden
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Jessica Snowden
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | | | | | - Lauren Atkins
- KS; University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
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6
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Holmes AV, Atwood EC, Whalen B, Beliveau J, Jarvis JD, Matulis JC, Ralston SL. Rooming-In to Treat Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Improved Family-Centered Care at Lower Cost. Pediatrics 2016; 137:peds.2015-2929. [PMID: 27194629 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The incidence and associated costs of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) have recently risen sharply; newborns with NAS occupy 4% of NICU beds. We implemented a coordinated program for NAS including standardized protocols for scoring, medications and weaning, and a calm rooming-in environment, to improve family-centered care and to decrease both length of stay (LOS) and hospital costs. METHODS In early 2013, a multidisciplinary quality improvement team began consecutive plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles. We trained nurses in modified Finnegan scoring, ensured scoring only after on-demand feeds during skin-to-skin care, and standardized physician score interpretation. We provided prenatal family education, increased family involvement in symptom monitoring and nonpharmacologic treatment, and treated otherwise healthy infants on the inpatient pediatric unit instead of in the NICU. We measured outcomes using statistical process control methods. RESULTS At baseline, 46% of inborn infants at-risk for NAS were treated with morphine; by 2015, this decreased to 27%. Adjunctive use of phenobarbital decreased from 13% to 2% in the same period. Average LOS for morphine-treated newborns decreased from 16.9 to 12.3 days, average hospital costs per treated infant decreased from $19 737 to $8755, and costs per at-risk infant dropped from $11 000 to $5300. Cumulative morphine dose decreased from 13.7 to 6.6 mg per treated newborn. There were no adverse events, and 30-day readmission rates remained stable. CONCLUSIONS A coordinated, standardized NAS program safely reduced pharmacologic therapy, LOS, and hospital costs. Rooming-in with family and decreased use of NICU beds were central to achieved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Volpe Holmes
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; Children's Hospital at Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and The Dartmouth Institute, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and
| | - Emily C Atwood
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Bonny Whalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; Children's Hospital at Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and
| | - Johanna Beliveau
- Children's Hospital at Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and
| | - J Dean Jarvis
- Children's Hospital at Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and
| | - John C Matulis
- Section of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shawn L Ralston
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; Children's Hospital at Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and
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7
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Sanders RC, Nett ST, Davis KF, Parker MM, Bysani GK, Adu-Darko M, Bird GL, Cheifetz IM, Derbyshire AT, Emeriaud G, Giuliano JS, Graciano AL, Hagiwara Y, Hefley G, Ikeyama T, Jarvis JD, Kamat P, Krishna AS, Lee A, Lee JH, Li S, Meyer K, Montgomery VL, Nagai Y, Pinto M, Rehder KJ, Saito O, Shenoi AN, Taekema HC, Tarquinio KM, Thompson AE, Turner DA, Nadkarni VM, Nishisaki A. Family Presence During Pediatric Tracheal Intubations. JAMA Pediatr 2016; 170:e154627. [PMID: 26954533 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Family-centered care, which supports family presence (FP) during procedures, is now a widely accepted standard at health care facilities that care for children. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the practice of FP during tracheal intubation (TI) in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Family presence during procedures in PICUs has been advocated. OBJECTIVE To describe the current practice of FP during TI and evaluate the association with procedural and clinician (including physician, respiratory therapist, and nurse practitioner) outcomes across multiple PICUs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort study in which all TIs from July 2010 to March 2014 in the multicenter TI database (National Emergency Airway Registry for Children [NEAR4KIDS]) were analyzed. Family presence was defined as a family member present during TI. This study included all TIs in patients younger than 18 years in 22 international PICUs. EXPOSURES Family presence and no FP during TI in the PICU. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The percentage of FP during TIs. First attempt success rate, adverse TI-associated events, multiple attempts (≥ 3), oxygen desaturation (oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry <80%), and self-reported team stress level. RESULTS A total of 4969 TI encounters were reported. Among those, 81% (n = 4030) of TIs had documented FP status (with/without). The median age of participants with FP was 2 years and 1 year for those without FP. The average percentage of TIs with FP was 19% and varied widely across sites (0%-43%; P < .001). Tracheal intubations with FP (vs without FP) were associated with older patients (median, 2 years vs 1 year; P = .04), lower Paediatric Index of Mortality 2 score, and pediatric resident as the first airway clinician (23%, n = 179 vs 18%, n = 584; odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.7). Tracheal intubations with FP and without FP were no different in the first attempt success rate (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.85-1.18), adverse TI-associated events (any events: OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.85-1.30 and severe events: OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.75-1.43), multiple attempts (≥ 3) (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.82-1.28), oxygen desaturation (oxygen saturation <80%) (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.80-1.18), or self-reported team stress level (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.92-1.31). This result persisted after adjusting for patient and clinician confounders. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Wide variability exists in FP during TIs across PICUs. Family presence was not associated with first attempt success, adverse TI-associated events, oxygen desaturation (<80%), or higher team stress level. Our data suggest that FP during TI can safely be implemented as part of a family-centered care model in the PICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Sanders
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences/Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock
| | - Sholeen T Nett
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Katherine Finn Davis
- Center for Pediatric Nursing Research and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Nursing, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Margaret M Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Stony Brook Children's Hospital, Stony Brook, New York
| | - G Kris Bysani
- Pediatric Acute Care Associates of North Texas PLLC, Medical City Children's Hospital, Dallas
| | | | - Geoffrey L Bird
- Division of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Anesthesia/Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ira M Cheifetz
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Children's Hospital, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Ana Lia Graciano
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Central California, Fresno
| | | | - Glenda Hefley
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences/Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock
| | | | - J Dean Jarvis
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Pradip Kamat
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ashwin S Krishna
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Kentucky Children's Hospital, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Anthony Lee
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Jan Hau Lee
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Simon Li
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Westchester, New York
| | - Keith Meyer
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Vicki L Montgomery
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Kosair Children's Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yuki Nagai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthew Pinto
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Westchester, New York
| | - Kyle J Rehder
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Children's Hospital, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Osamu Saito
- Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asha N Shenoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Kentucky Children's Hospital, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington
| | | | - Keiko M Tarquinio
- Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island/Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence
| | - Ann E Thompson
- Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Pittsburgh Children's Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Turner
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Children's Hospital, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Vinay M Nadkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Akira Nishisaki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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8
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Nett ST, Noble JA, Levin DL, Cvijanovich NZ, Vavilala MS, Jarvis JD, Flori HR. Biomarkers and genetics of brain injury risk in diabetic ketoacidosis: A pilot study. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2015; 3. [PMID: 26097769 DOI: 10.3233/pic-14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the primary cause of death for children with diabetes, especially when complicated by cerebral edema. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is common, however the mechanism of, and predictors of CNS dysfunction/injury are largely unknown. In this observational pilot study, blood was collected from pediatric DKA patients at three time points (consent, 12 hr and 24 hr after beginning treatment), to test genetic markers, ribonucleic acid expression and plasma biomarkers reflecting inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and cerebral dysfunction and/or possible injury (S100β, glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]). Thirty patients were enrolled in the study. The average age was 11.3 yr, 73% were new onset diabetes and 53% were female. Forty percent exhibited abnormal mentation (Glasgow Coma Scale <15), consistent with CNS dysfunction. IL-6 and TNF-α were elevated in plasma, suggesting systemic inflammation. GFAP was measurable in 45% of patients and correlated positively with GCS. Only two patients had detectable levels of S100β. In conclusion, children with DKA often present with evidence of acute neurologic dysfunction or injury. We have demonstrated the feasibility of exploring genetic and biochemical markers of potential importance in the pathophysiology of CNS dysfunction and/or possible injury in DKA. We have identified IL-6, TNF-α and GFAP as potentially important markers for further exploration. A larger, follow-up study will help to better understand the extent and type of CNS injury in DKA as well as the mechanism underlying this dysfunction/injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholeen T Nett
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Janelle A Noble
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Daniel L Levin
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Natalie Z Cvijanovich
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Monica S Vavilala
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Dean Jarvis
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Heidi R Flori
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
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9
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Abstract
This study is a systematic replication of the effects of insulin doses on operant behavior reinforced (in an earlier study) by fixed-ratio schedules of microwave (MW) reinforcement. In this study, insulin and dextrose doses were administered (ip) prior to fixed-interval 2-min. schedules of MW reinforcement in rats tested in a cold environment. Six Sprague-Dawley rats were conditioned to regulate their thermal environment with 5-sec. exposures of MW radiation (SAR = 0.34 Watts/kg/(mW/cm2) under the FI-2' schedules. Humulin-regular insulin and 50% solutions of dextrose were administered (ip) alternately with saline control sessions for 8-hr. durations. A within-subjects, repeated-measures 4 x 8 x 3 factorial analysis of variance design showed that insulin doses suppressed operant responding for heat, which confirmed the results of the earlier study under a different schedule. In addition, high doses of dextrose had similar suppressing effects on operant responding for heat. The data are interpreted in terms of the discriminative properties of increased thermogenesis produced by the insulin and dextrose doses. The suppressing effects were more pronounced for the first two hours, yet they persisted for approximately six hours of the 8-hr. sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Vitulli
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36688
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Fewell RG, Allison RT, Bertrand J, Cowell DC, Farr AD, Jarvis JD, Rogers DJ. Medical laboratory sciences: a look forward. Med Lab Sci 1986; 43:307-13. [PMID: 3657412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Two aspects of handwashing in hospital were considered. A study was carried out to examine the contamination of bar soap and containers, and the use of antiseptic soaps in reducing the resident flora of the skin. Swabs were collected from soap dishes on six wards and from a bacteriology laboratory on four consecutive days. The unmedicated bar soap was replaced by bar soap containing 2.5% povidone-iodine, and further swabs were collected over a period of seven days. Ninety-two isolates from 48 samples were obtained when unmedicated bar soap was used, and nine isolates from 42 samples when povidone-iodine (Betadine) soap was substituted. The number of organisms recovered when povidone-iodine soap was used was much reduced, and Pseudomonas spp were recovered in low numbers on only one occasion. Six laboratory workers took part in a study to compare bar soap with other agents-povidone-iodine soap, povidone-iodine surgical scrub, povidone-iodine alcoholic solution, chlorhexidine surgical scrub, and alcoholic chlorhexidine. Samples were collected after standard washes and after surgical gloves had been worn for 90 minutes. The effect of multiple washes was assessed by samples collected after six washes with the agent under study (three per day) followed by 90 minutes wearing surgical gloves. The average percentage reduction in normal flora obtained indicated that alcoholic chlorhexidine was superior to the other agents.
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Jarvis JD, Bruten DM. Observations on the use of anaerobic jars and the methods of their control. Med Lab Technol 1972; 29:325-8. [PMID: 4561825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Duke PB, Jarvis JD. The catalase test--a cautionary tale. Med Lab Technol 1972; 29:203-4. [PMID: 4561062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Jarvis JD, Wynne CD. A short survey of the reliability of deoxyribonuclease as an adjunct in the determination of staphylococcal pathogenicity. J Med Lab Technol 1969; 26:131-3. [PMID: 5785361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Jarvis JD, Wynne CD, Telfer ER. Storage of bacteria in liquid nitrogen. J Med Lab Technol 1967; 24:312-4. [PMID: 6052977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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