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Schuler S, Muench JE, Ruocco A, Balci O, Thourhout DV, Sorianello V, Romagnoli M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Goykhman I, Ferrari AC, Mueller T. High-responsivity graphene photodetectors integrated on silicon microring resonators. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3733. [PMID: 34145226 PMCID: PMC8213857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene integrated photonics provides several advantages over conventional Si photonics. Single layer graphene (SLG) enables fast, broadband, and energy-efficient electro-optic modulators, optical switches and photodetectors (GPDs), and is compatible with any optical waveguide. The last major barrier to SLG-based optical receivers lies in the current GPDs' low responsivity when compared to conventional PDs. Here we overcome this by integrating a photo-thermoelectric GPD with a Si microring resonator. Under critical coupling, we achieve >90% light absorption in a ~6 μm SLG channel along a Si waveguide. Cavity-enhanced light-matter interactions cause carriers in SLG to reach ~400 K for an input power ~0.6 mW, resulting in a voltage responsivity ~90 V/W, with a receiver sensitivity enabling our GPDs to operate at a 10-9 bit-error rate, on par with mature semiconductor technology, but with a natural generation of a voltage, rather than a current, thus removing the need for transimpedance amplification, with a reduction of energy-per-bit, cost, and foot-print.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schuler
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Photonics, Vienna, Austria
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J E Muench
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Ruocco
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - O Balci
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D van Thourhout
- Ghent University-IMEC, Photonics Research Group, Gent, Belgium
| | - V Sorianello
- Consorzio Nazionale per le Telecomunicazioni and Inphotec, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Romagnoli
- Consorzio Nazionale per le Telecomunicazioni and Inphotec, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - I Goykhman
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - A C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - T Mueller
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Photonics, Vienna, Austria.
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