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Su MY, Broadhurst M, Liu CP, Gathercole J, Cheng WL, Qi XY, Clerens S, Dyer JM, Day L, Haigh B. Comparative analysis of human milk and infant formula derived peptides following in vitro digestion. Food Chem 2016; 221:1895-1903. [PMID: 27979178 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has long been recognised that there are differences between human milk and infant formulas which lead to differences in health and nutrition for the neonate. In this study we examine and compare the peptide profile of human milk and an exemplar infant formula. The study identifies both similarities and differences in the endogenous and postdigestion peptide profiles of human milk and infant formula. This includes differences in the protein source of these peptides but also with the region within the protein producing the dominant proteins. Clustering of similar peptides around regions of high sequence identity and known bioactivity was also observed. Together the data may explain some of the functional differences between human milk and infant formula, while identifying some aspects of conserved function between bovine and human milks which contribute to the effectiveness of modern infant formula as a substitute for human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-Y Su
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - M Broadhurst
- AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - C-P Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - J Gathercole
- AgResearch Ltd, Cnr Springs Road and Gerald Street, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - W-L Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - X-Y Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - S Clerens
- AgResearch Ltd, Cnr Springs Road and Gerald Street, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J M Dyer
- AgResearch Ltd, Cnr Springs Road and Gerald Street, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, based at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Wine, Food & Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - L Day
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - B Haigh
- AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Short S, Krawitz H, Macann A, West T, Morton RP, McIvor NP, Chaplin J, Simcock P, Gathercole J, Dorman B, Hindley A. T1N0/T2N0 glottic carcinoma: A comparison of two fractionation schedules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 50:152-7. [PMID: 16635034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2006.01559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is the retrospective comparison of accelerated/hypofractionated radiotherapy regimen (AHFX) with standard fractionation regimen (SFX) for patients with early glottic carcinoma. One hundred and forty-five patients with T(1)-T(2) glottic cancer between 1986 and 1998 were eligible. Before 1992, patients received 60-66 Gy in 30-33 fractions over 6-6.5 weeks (SFX) with (60)Co and 6-MV beams. After 1992, patients received 52.5-55 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks (AHFX) using 6-MV beams. The end-points were overall survival, laryngectomy-free survival (LFS), loco-regional control and toxicity. One hundred and two were stage T(1)N(0); 43 were stage T(2)N(0). Median follow up was 4.9 years. The 5-year overall survival was 78%. Five-year loco-regional control in T(1)N(0) patients was higher in AHFX than in SFX group (95 vs 75%, P = 0.002). Loco-regional control in T(2)N(0) patients was similar for AHFX and SFX (81 vs 80%, P = 0.813). Overall LFS was 88%. T(1)N(0) AHFX patients had 5-year LFS of 95% compared with 75% for SFX (P = 0.003). For T(2)N(0) AHFX patients, overall LFS was 92% compared with 80% for the SFX group (P = 0.291). No grade 4 or 5 late toxicity occurred. One AHFX patient developed grade 3 toxicity; two of 51 SFX patients developed grade 2 toxicity versus five of 94 AHFX patients. AHFX using 6-MV beams for treatment of early glottic cancer resulted in equivalent LFS and toxicity when compared with SFX.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Short
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Eason RJ, Harding E, Nicholson R, Nicholson D, Pada J, Gathercole J. Chronic suppurative otitis media in the Solomon Islands: a prospective, microbiological, audiometric and therapeutic survey. N Z Med J 1986; 99:812-5. [PMID: 3466089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic suppurative otitis media affected 3.8% of 3500 Solomon Island children under 15 years (and 6.1% under 5 years) and was the sole cause of conductive hearing loss recorded in 265 children tested audiometrically. It was characterised by early onset (65% under 18 months) male preponderance and large central tubotympanic perforations. Measles, respiratory infections, swimming and malnutrition were identified as aetiological factors amenable to intervention. Proteus and pseudomonas were the principle aerobes isolated from ear pus and gentamicin the only antibiotic tested to be effective against them. However although a prospective therapeutic trial demonstrated a significantly improved outcome after aural toilet, no additional benefit was imparted by concurrent ototopical boric acid or aminoglycoside solution or oral antianaerobic clindamycin. Parental tuition in aural cleaning, avoidance of ear water entry, nose blowing and breathing will yield a good result in up to 60% of children in half of whom tympanic healing occurred.
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