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Ralph JE, Ross JS, Zylstra AB, Kritcher AL, Robey HF, Young CV, Hurricane OA, Pak A, Callahan DA, Baker KL, Casey DT, Döppner T, Divol L, Hohenberger M, Pape SL, Patel PK, Tommasini R, Ali SJ, Amendt PA, Atherton LJ, Bachmann B, Bailey D, Benedetti LR, Berzak Hopkins L, Betti R, Bhandarkar SD, Biener J, Bionta RM, Birge NW, Bond EJ, Bradley DK, Braun T, Briggs TM, Bruhn MW, Celliers PM, Chang B, Chapman T, Chen H, Choate C, Christopherson AR, Clark DS, Crippen JW, Dewald EL, Dittrich TR, Edwards MJ, Farmer WA, Field JE, Fittinghoff D, Frenje J, Gaffney J, Gatu Johnson M, Glenzer SH, Grim GP, Haan S, Hahn KD, Hall GN, Hammel BA, Harte J, Hartouni E, Heebner JE, Hernandez VJ, Herrmann HW, Herrmann MC, Hinkel DE, Ho DD, Holder JP, Hsing WW, Huang H, Humbird KD, Izumi N, Jarrott LC, Jeet J, Jones O, Kerbel GD, Kerr SM, Khan SF, Kilkenny J, Kim Y, Geppert-Kleinrath H, Geppert-Kleinrath V, Kong C, Koning JM, Kroll JJ, Kruse MKG, Kustowski B, Landen OL, Langer S, Larson D, Lemos NC, Lindl JD, Ma T, MacDonald MJ, MacGowan BJ, Mackinnon AJ, MacLaren SA, MacPhee AG, Marinak MM, Mariscal DA, Marley EV, Masse L, Meaney KD, Meezan NB, Michel PA, Millot M, Milovich JL, Moody JD, Moore AS, Morton JW, Murphy TJ, Newman K, Di Nicola JMG, Nikroo A, Nora R, Patel MV, Pelz LJ, Peterson JL, Ping Y, Pollock BB, Ratledge M, Rice NG, Rinderknecht HG, Rosen M, Rubery MS, Salmonson JD, Sater J, Schiaffino S, Schlossberg DJ, Schneider MB, Schroeder CR, Scott HA, Sepke SM, Sequoia K, Sherlock MW, Shin S, Smalyuk VA, Spears BK, Springer PT, Stadermann M, Stoupin S, Strozzi DJ, Suter LJ, Thomas CA, Town RPJ, Trosseille C, Tubman ER, Volegov PL, Weber CR, Widmann K, Wild C, Wilde CH, Van Wonterghem BM, Woods DT, Woodworth BN, Yamaguchi M, Yang ST, Zimmerman GB. The impact of low-mode symmetry on inertial fusion energy output in the burning plasma state. Nat Commun 2024;15:2975. [PMID: 38582938 PMCID: PMC10998902 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open

Affiliation(s)

J E Ralph Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA.
J S Ross Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA.
A B Zylstra Pacific Fusion, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA.
A L Kritcher Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
H F Robey Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
C V Young Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
O A Hurricane Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
A Pak Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
D A Callahan Focused Energy, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
K L Baker Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
D T Casey Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
T Döppner Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
L Divol Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
M Hohenberger Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
S Le Pape Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des Lasers Intenses chez École Polytechnique, F-91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
P K Patel Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
R Tommasini Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
S J Ali Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
P A Amendt Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
L J Atherton Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
B Bachmann Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
D Bailey Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
L R Benedetti Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
L Berzak Hopkins Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
R Betti Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
S D Bhandarkar Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J Biener Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
R M Bionta Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
N W Birge Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
E J Bond Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
D K Bradley Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
T Braun Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
T M Briggs Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
M W Bruhn Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
P M Celliers Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
B Chang Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
T Chapman Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
H Chen Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
C Choate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
A R Christopherson Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
D S Clark Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J W Crippen General Atomics, San Diego, CA, 92186, USA
E L Dewald Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
T R Dittrich Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
M J Edwards Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
W A Farmer Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J E Field Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
D Fittinghoff Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J Frenje Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
J Gaffney Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
M Gatu Johnson Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
S H Glenzer SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
G P Grim Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
S Haan Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
K D Hahn Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
G N Hall Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
B A Hammel Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J Harte Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
E Hartouni Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J E Heebner Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
V J Hernandez Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
H W Herrmann Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
M C Herrmann Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
D E Hinkel Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
D D Ho Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J P Holder Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
W W Hsing Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
H Huang General Atomics, San Diego, CA, 92186, USA
K D Humbird Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
N Izumi Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
L C Jarrott Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J Jeet Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
O Jones Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
G D Kerbel Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
S M Kerr Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
S F Khan Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J Kilkenny General Atomics, San Diego, CA, 92186, USA
Y Kim Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
H Geppert-Kleinrath Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
V Geppert-Kleinrath Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
C Kong General Atomics, San Diego, CA, 92186, USA
J M Koning Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J J Kroll Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
M K G Kruse Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
B Kustowski Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
O L Landen Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
S Langer Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
D Larson Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
N C Lemos Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J D Lindl Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
T Ma Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
M J MacDonald Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
B J MacGowan Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
A J Mackinnon Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
S A MacLaren Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
A G MacPhee Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
M M Marinak Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
D A Mariscal Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
E V Marley Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
L Masse Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
K D Meaney Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
N B Meezan Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
P A Michel Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
M Millot Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J L Milovich Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J D Moody Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
A S Moore Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J W Morton Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, UK
T J Murphy Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
K Newman Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J-M G Di Nicola Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
A Nikroo Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
R Nora Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
M V Patel Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
L J Pelz Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J L Peterson Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
Y Ping Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
B B Pollock Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
M Ratledge General Atomics, San Diego, CA, 92186, USA
N G Rice General Atomics, San Diego, CA, 92186, USA
H G Rinderknecht Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
M Rosen Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
M S Rubery Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J D Salmonson Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
J Sater Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
S Schiaffino Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
D J Schlossberg Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
M B Schneider Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
C R Schroeder Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
H A Scott Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
S M Sepke Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
K Sequoia General Atomics, San Diego, CA, 92186, USA
M W Sherlock Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
S Shin Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
V A Smalyuk Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
B K Spears Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
P T Springer Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
M Stadermann Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
S Stoupin Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
D J Strozzi Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
L J Suter Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
C A Thomas Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
R P J Town Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
C Trosseille Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
E R Tubman Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
P L Volegov Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
C R Weber Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
K Widmann Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
C Wild Diamond Materials Gmbh, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
C H Wilde Pacific Fusion, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA
B M Van Wonterghem Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
D T Woods Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
B N Woodworth Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
M Yamaguchi General Atomics, San Diego, CA, 92186, USA
S T Yang Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA
G B Zimmerman Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA, 94551-0808, USA

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Rubery MS, Rosen MD, Aybar N, Landen OL, Divol L, Young CV, Weber C, Hammer J, Moody JD, Moore AS, Kritcher AL, Zylstra AB, Hurricane O, Pak AE, MacLaren S, Zimmerman G, Harte J, Woods T. Hohlraum Reheating from Burning NIF Implosions. Phys Rev Lett 2024;132:065104. [PMID: 38394572 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.065104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]

Sohn SY, Russell CD, Jamjoom AAB, Poon MT, Lawson McLean A, Ahmed AI, Abdulla MAH, Alalade A, Bailey M, Basu S, Baudracco I, Bayston R, Bhattacharya A, Bodkin P, Boissaud-Cooke M, Bojanic S, Brennan PM, Bulters DO, Buxton N, Chari A, Corns R, Coulter C, Coulter I, Critchley G, Dando A, Dardis R, Duddy J, Dyson E, Edwards R, Garnett M, Gatcher S, Georges H, Glancz LJ, Gray WP, Hallet J, Harte J, Haylock-Vize P, Hutchinson PJ, Humphreys H, Jenkinson MD, Joannides AJ, Kandasamy J, Kitchen J, Kolias AG, Loan JJM, Ma R, Madder H, Mallucci CL, Manning A, Mcelligott S, Mukerji N, Narayanamurthy H, O’Brien D, Okasha M, Papadopoulos M, Phan V, Phang I, Poots J, Rajaraman C, Roach J, Ross N, Sharouf F, Shastin D, Simms N, Steele L, Solth A, Tajsic T, Talibi S, Thanabalasundaram G, Vintu M, Wan Y, Wang D, Watkins L, Whitehouse K, Whitfield PC, Williams A, Zaben M. Comparison of suspected and confirmed internal EVD-related infections: a prospective multi-centre U.K. observational study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022;9:ofac480. [PMID: 36267249 PMCID: PMC9578167 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open

Abstract

Background

Diagnosis of internal external ventricular drain (EVD)-related infections (iERI) is an area of diagnostic difficulty. Empiric treatment is often initiated on clinical suspicion. There is limited guidance around antimicrobial management of confirmed versus suspected iERI.

Methods

Data on patients requiring EVD insertion were collected from 21 neurosurgical units in the United Kingdom from 2014 to 2015. Confirmed iERI was defined as clinical suspicion of infection with positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and/or Gram stain. Cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and clinical parameters and antimicrobial management were compared between the 2 groups. Mortality and Modified Rankin Scores were compared at 30 days post-EVD insertion.

Results

Internal EVD-related infection was suspected after 46 of 495 EVD insertions (9.3%), more common after an emergency insertion. Twenty-six of 46 were confirmed iERIs, mostly due to Staphylococci (16 of 26). When confirmed and suspected infections were compared, there were no differences in CSF white cell counts or glucose concentrations, nor peripheral blood white cell counts or C-reactive protein concentrations. The incidence of fever, meningism, and seizures was also similar, although altered consciousness was more common in people with confirmed iERI. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial usage was prevalent in both groups with no difference in median duration of therapy (10 days [interquartile range {IQR}, 7–24.5] for confirmed cases and 9.5 days [IQR, 5.75–14] for suspected, P = 0.3). Despite comparable baseline characteristics, suspected iERI was associated with lower mortality and better neurological outcomes.

Conclusions

Suspected iERI could represent sterile inflammation or lower bacterial load leading to false-negative cultures. There is a need for improved microbiology diagnostics and biomarkers of bacterial infection to permit accurate discrimination and improve antimicrobial stewardship.

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McLean KA, Ahmed WUR, Akhbari M, Claireaux HA, English C, Frost J, Henshall DE, Khan M, Kwek I, Nicola M, Rehman S, Varghese S, Drake TM, Bell S, Nepogodiev D, McLean KA, Drake TM, Glasbey JC, Borakati A, Drake TM, Kamarajah S, McLean KA, Bath MF, Claireaux HA, Gundogan B, Mohan M, Deekonda P, Kong C, Joyce H, Mcnamee L, Woin E, Burke J, Khatri C, Fitzgerald JE, Harrison EM, Bhangu A, Nepogodiev D, Arulkumaran N, Bell S, Duthie F, Hughes J, Pinkney TD, Prowle J, Richards T, Thomas M, Dynes K, Patel M, Patel P, Wigley C, Suresh R, Shaw A, Klimach S, Jull P, Evans D, Preece R, Ibrahim I, Manikavasagar V, Smith R, Brown FS, Deekonda P, Teo R, Sim DPY, Borakati A, Logan AE, Barai I, Amin H, Suresh S, Sethi R, Bolton W, Corbridge O, Horne L, Attalla M, Morley R, Robinson C, Hoskins T, McAllister R, Lee S, Dennis Y, Nixon G, Heywood E, Wilson H, Ng L, Samaraweera S, Mills A, Doherty C, Woin E, Belchos J, Phan V, Chouari T, Gardner T, Goergen N, Hayes JDB, MacLeod CS, McCormack R, McKinley A, McKinstry S, Milligan W, Ooi L, Rafiq NM, Sammut T, Sinclair E, Smith M, Baker C, Boulton APR, Collins J, Copley HC, Fearnhead N, Fox H, Mah T, McKenna J, Naruka V, Nigam N, Nourallah B, Perera S, Qureshi A, Saggar S, Sun L, Wang X, Yang DD, Caroll P, Doyle C, Elangovan S, Falamarzi A, Perai KG, Greenan E, Jain D, Lang-Orsini M, Lim S, O'Byrne L, Ridgway P, Van der Laan S, Wong J, Arthur J, Barclay J, Bradley P, Edwin C, Finch E, Hayashi E, Hopkins M, Kelly D, Kelly M, McCartan N, Ormrod A, Pakenham A, Hayward J, Hitchen C, Kishore A, Martins T, Philomen J, Rao R, Rickards C, Burns N, Copeland M, Durand C, Dyal A, Ghaffar A, Gidwani A, Grant M, Gribbon C, Gruhn A, Leer M, Ahmad K, Beattie G, Beatty M, Campbell G, Donaldson G, Graham S, Holmes D, Kanabar S, Liu H, McCann C, Stewart R, Vara S, Ajibola-Taylor O, Andah EJE, Ani C, Cabdi NMO, Ito G, Jones M, Komoriyama A, Patel P, Titu L, Basra M, Gallogly P, Harinath G, Leong SH, Pradhan A, Siddiqui I, Zaat S, Ali A, Galea M, Looi WL, Ng 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Harte J, Zillio T, Conlisk E, Smith AB. Maximum entropy and the state-variable approach to macroecology. Ecology 2009;89:2700-11. [PMID: 18959308 DOI: 10.1890/07-1369.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]

Abstract

The biodiversity scaling metrics widely studied in macroecology include the species-area relationship (SAR), the scale-dependent species-abundance distribution (SAD), the distribution of masses or metabolic energies of individuals within and across species, the abundance-energy or abundance-mass relationship across species, and the species-level occupancy distributions across space. We propose a theoretical framework for predicting the scaling forms of these and other metrics based on the state-variable concept and an analytical method derived from information theory. In statistical physics, a method of inference based on information entropy results in a complete macro-scale description of classical thermodynamic systems in terms of the state variables volume, temperature, and number of molecules. In analogy, we take the state variables of an ecosystem to be its total area, the total number of species within any specified taxonomic group in that area, the total number of individuals across those species, and the summed metabolic energy rate for all those individuals. In terms solely of ratios of those state variables, and without invoking any specific ecological mechanisms, we show that realistic functional forms for the macroecological metrics listed above are inferred based on information entropy. The Fisher log series SAD emerges naturally from the theory. The SAR is predicted to have negative curvature on a log-log plot, but as the ratio of the number of species to the number of individuals decreases, the SAR becomes better and better approximated by a power law, with the predicted slope z in the range of 0.14-0.20. Using the 3/4 power mass-metabolism scaling relation to relate energy requirements and measured body sizes, the Damuth scaling rule relating mass and abundance is also predicted by the theory. We argue that the predicted forms of the macroecological metrics are in reasonable agreement with the patterns observed from plant census data across habitats and spatial scales. While this is encouraging, given the absence of adjustable fitting parameters in the theory, we further argue that even small discrepancies between data and predictions can help identify ecological mechanisms that influence macroecological patterns.

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Dudzik M, Harte J, Jassby A, Lapan E, Levy D, Rees J. Some considerations in the design of aquatic microcosms for plankton Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00207237908709813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]

Ostling A, Harte J, Green J, Kinzig A. A community-level fractal property produces power-law species-area relationships. OIKOS 2003. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]

Loik ME, Redar SP, Harte J. Photosynthetic responses to a climate-warming manipulation for contrasting meadow species in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA. Funct Ecol 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.00411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]

Harte J, Blackburn T, Ostling A. Self‐Similarity and the Relationship between Abundance and Range Size. Am Nat 2001;157:374-86. [PMID: 18707248 DOI: 10.1086/319323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]

Kinzig AP, Harte J. Implications of Endemics-Area Relationships for Estimates of Species Extinctions. Ecology 2000. [DOI: 10.2307/177495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]

Kinzig AP, Harte J. IMPLICATIONS OF ENDEMICS–AREA RELATIONSHIPS FOR ESTIMATES OF SPECIES EXTINCTIONS. Ecology 2000. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3305:ioearf]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]

Center SA, Harte J, Watrous D, Reynolds A, Watson TD, Markwell PJ, Millington DS, Wood PA, Yeager AE, Erb HN. The clinical and metabolic effects of rapid weight loss in obese pet cats and the influence of supplemental oral L-carnitine. J Vet Intern Med 2000;14:598-608. [PMID: 11110381 DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2000)014<0598:tcameo>2.3.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open

Center S, Harte J, Watrous D, Reynolds A, Watson T, Markwell P, Millington D, Wood P, Yeager A, Erb H. The Clinical and Metabolic Effects of Rapid Weight Loss in Obese Pet Cats and the Influence of Supplemental Oral L-Carnitine. J Vet Intern Med 2000. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open

Ostling A, Harte J, Green J. Self-similarity and clustering in the spatial distribution of species. Science 2000;290:671. [PMID: 11184188 DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5492.671a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]

Veitch C, Harte J, Hays R, Pashen D, Clark S. Community participation in the recruitment and retention of rural doctors: methodological and logistical considerations. Aust J Rural Health 1999;7:206-11. [PMID: 10732509 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1584.1999.00213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open

Harte J, Kinzig A, Green J. Self-similarity in the distribution and abundance of species. Science 1999;284:334-6. [PMID: 10195901 DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5412.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]

Harte J, Davis R, Plamondon T, Richardson B. The influence of dental unit design on percutaneous injury. J Am Dent Assoc 1998;129:1725-31. [PMID: 9854923 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1998.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]

Dyer M, Harte J, Brereton J. Reducing paperwork in a medical assessment unit. Nurs Times 1998;94:50-1. [PMID: 9616642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]

Harte J, Kinzig AP. On the Implications of Species-Area Relationships for Endemism, Spatial Turnover, and Food Web Patterns. OIKOS 1997. [DOI: 10.2307/3546614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]

Harte J. Health and preparation for retirement. J R Coll Gen Pract 1987;37:483. [PMID: 3505636 PMCID: PMC1711119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]

Erlich PR, Harte J, Harwell MA, Raven PH, Sagan C, Woodwell GM, Berry J, Ayensu ES, Ehrlich AH, Eisner T. [Long-term effects of nuclear war]. Pol Tyg Lek 1984;39:1467-70. [PMID: 6514622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]

Ehrlich PR, Harte J, Harwell MA, Raven PH, Sagan C, Woodwell GM, Berry J, Ayensu ES, Ehrlich AH, Eisner T. Long-term biological consequences of nuclear war. Science 1983;222:1293-300. [PMID: 6658451 DOI: 10.1126/science.6658451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]

Holdren JP, Ehrlich PR, Ehrlich AH, Harte J. Bad News: Is It True? Science 1980;210:1296-301. [PMID: 17817819 DOI: 10.1126/science.210.4476.1296-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]

Harte J, El-Gasseir M. Energy and Water. Science 1978;199:623-34. [PMID: 17788098 DOI: 10.1126/science.199.4329.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]