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Abud AA, Abi B, Acciarri R, Acero MA, Adames MR, Adamov G, Adamowski M, Adams D, Adinolfi M, Aduszkiewicz A, Aguilar J, Ahmad Z, Ahmed J, Aimard B, Ali-Mohammadzadeh B, Alion T, Allison K, Monsalve SA, AlRashed M, Alt C, Alton A, Alvarez R, Amedo P, Anderson J, Andreopoulos C, Andreotti M, Andrews M, Andrianala F, Andringa S, Anfimov N, Ankowski A, Antoniassi M, Antonova M, Antoshkin A, Antusch S, Aranda-Fernandez A, Arellano L, Arnold LO, Arroyave MA, Asaadi J, Asquith L, Aurisano A, Aushev V, Autiero D, Lara VA, Ayala-Torres M, Azfar F, Back A, Back H, Back JJ, Backhouse C, Bagaturia I, Bagby L, Balashov N, Balasubramanian S, Baldi P, Baller B, Bambah B, Barao F, Barenboim G, Alzas PB, Barker G, Barkhouse W, Barnes C, Barr G, Monarca JB, Barros A, Barros N, Barrow JL, Basharina-Freshville A, Bashyal A, Basque V, Batchelor C, Chagas EBD, Battat JBR, Battisti F, Bay F, Bazetto MCQ, Alba JLLB, Beacom JF, Bechetoille E, Behera B, Beigbeder C, Bellantoni L, Bellettini G, Bellini V, Beltramello O, Benekos N, Montiel CB, Neves FB, Berger J, Berkman S, Bernardini P, Berner RM, Bersani A, Bertolucci S, Betancourt M, Rodríguez AB, Bevan A, Bezawada Y, Bezerra TJC, Bhardwaj A, Bhatnagar V, Bhattacharjee M, Bhattarai D, Bhuller S, Bhuyan B, Biagi S, Bian J, Biassoni M, Biery K, Bilki B, Bishai M, Bitadze A, Blake A, Blaszczyk F, Blazey GC, Blucher E, Boissevain J, Bolognesi S, Bolton T, Bomben L, Bonesini M, Bongrand M, Bonilla-Diaz C, Bonini F, Booth A, Boran F, Bordoni S, Borkum A, Bostan N, Bour P, Bourgeois C, Boyden D, Bracinik J, Braga D, Brailsford D, Branca A, Brandt A, Bremer J, Breton D, Brew C, Brice SJ, Brizzolari C, Bromberg C, Brooke J, Bross A, Brunetti G, Brunetti M, Buchanan N, Budd H, Butorov I, Cagnoli I, Cai T, Caiulo D, Calabrese R, Calafiura P, Calcutt J, Calin M, Calvez S, Calvo E, Caminata A, Campanelli M, Caratelli D, Carber D, Carceller JC, Carini G, Carlus B, Carneiro MF, Carniti P, Terrazas IC, Carranza H, Carroll T, Forero JFC, Castillo A, Castromonte C, Catano-Mur E, Cattadori C, Cavalier F, Cavallaro G, Cavanna F, Centro S, Cerati G, Cervelli A, Villanueva AC, Chalifour M, Chappell A, Chardonnet E, Charitonidis N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Neyra MSSC, Chen H, Chen M, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chen-Wishart Z, Cheon Y, Cherdack D, Chi C, Childress S, Chirco R, Chiriacescu A, Chisnall G, Cho K, Choate S, Chokheli D, Chong PS, Christensen A, Christian D, Christodoulou G, Chukanov A, Chung M, Church E, Cicero V, Clarke P, Cline G, Coan TE, Cocco AG, Coelho JAB, Colton N, Conley E, Conley R, Conrad J, Convery M, Copello S, Cova P, Cremaldi L, Cremonesi L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Crisler M, Cristaldo E, Crnkovic J, Cross R, Cudd A, Cuesta C, Cui Y, Cussans D, Dalager O, da Motta H, Da Silva Peres L, David C, David Q, Davies GS, Davini S, Dawson J, De K, De S, Debbins P, De Bonis I, Decowski MP, De Gouvêa A, De Holanda PC, De Icaza Astiz IL, Deisting A, De Jong P, Delbart A, Delepine D, Delgado M, Dell’Acqua A, Delmonte N, De Lurgio P, de Mello Neto JRT, DeMuth DM, Dennis S, Densham C, Deptuch GW, De Roeck A, De Romeri V, De Souza G, Devi R, Dharmapalan R, Dias M, Diaz F, Díaz JS, Domizio SD, Giulio LD, Ding P, Noto LD, Dirkx G, Distefano C, Diurba R, Diwan M, Djurcic Z, Doering D, Dolan S, Dolek F, Dolinski M, Domine L, Donon Y, Douglas D, Douillet D, Dragone A, Drake G, Drielsma F, Duarte L, Duchesneau D, Duffy K, Dunne P, Dutta B, Duyang H, Dvornikov O, Dwyer D, Dyshkant A, Eads M, Earle A, Edmunds D, Eisch J, Emberger L, Emery S, Englezos P, Ereditato A, Erjavec T, Escobar C, Eurin G, Evans JJ, Ewart E, Ezeribe AC, Fahey K, Falcone A, Fani’ M, Farnese C, Farzan Y, Fedoseev D, Felix J, Feng Y, Fernandez-Martinez E, Menendez PF, Morales MF, Ferraro F, Fields L, Filip P, Filthaut F, Fiorini M, Fischer V, Fitzpatrick RS, Flanagan W, Fleming B, Flight R, Fogarty S, Foreman W, Fowler J, Fox W, Franc J, Francis K, Franco D, Freeman J, Freestone J, Fried J, Friedland A, Robayo FF, Fuess S, Furic IK, Furman K, Furmanski AP, Gabrielli A, Gago A, Gallagher H, Gallas A, Gallego-Ros A, Gallice N, Galymov V, Gamberini E, Gamble T, Ganacim F, Gandhi R, Gandrajula R, Gao F, Gao S, Garcia-Gamez D, García-Peris MÁ, Gardiner S, Gastler D, Gauvreau J, Ge G, Geffroy N, Gelli B, Gendotti A, Gent S, Ghorbani-Moghaddam Z, Giammaria P, Giammaria T, Giangiacomi N, Gibin D, Gil-Botella I, Gilligan S, Girerd C, Giri AK, Gnani D, Gogota O, Gold M, Gollapinni S, Gollwitzer K, Gomes RA, Bermeo LVG, Fajardo LSG, Gonnella F, Gonzalez-Diaz D, Gonzalez-Lopez M, Goodman MC, Goodwin O, Goswami S, Gotti C, Goudzovski E, Grace C, Gran R, Granados E, Granger P, Grant A, Grant C, Gratieri D, Green P, Greenler L, Greer J, Grenard J, Griffith WC, Groh M, Grudzinski J, Grzelak K, Gu W, Guardincerri E, Guarino V, Guarise M, Guenette R, Guerard E, Guerzoni M, Guffanti D, Guglielmi A, Guo B, Gupta A, Gupta V, Guthikonda KK, Gutierrez R, Guzowski P, Guzzo MM, Gwon S, Ha C, Haaf K, Habig A, Hadavand H, Haenni R, Hahn A, Haiston J, Hamacher-Baumann P, Hamernik T, Hamilton P, Han J, Harris DA, Hartnell J, Hartnett T, Harton J, Hasegawa T, Hasnip C, Hatcher R, Hatfield KW, Hatzikoutelis A, Hayes C, Hayrapetyan K, Hays J, Hazen E, He M, Heavey A, Heeger KM, Heise J, Henry S, Morquecho MAH, Herner K, Hewes J, Hilgenberg C, Hill T, Hillier SJ, Himmel A, Hinkle E, Hirsch LR, Ho J, Hoff J, Holin A, Hoppe E, Horton-Smith GA, Hostert M, Hourlier A, Howard B, Howell R, Hoyos J, Hristova I, Hronek MS, Huang J, Hulcher Z, Iles G, Ilic N, Iliescu AM, Illingworth R, Ingratta G, Ioannisian A, Irwin B, Isenhower L, Itay R, Jackson CM, Jain V, James E, Jang W, Jargowsky B, Jediny F, Jena D, Jeong YS, Jesús-Valls C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jiménez S, Jipa A, Johnson R, Johnson W, Johnston N, Jones B, Jones S, Judah M, Jung CK, Junk T, Jwa Y, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth A, Kadenko I, Kakorin I, Kalitkina A, Kalra D, Kamiya F, Kaneshige N, Kaplan DM, Karagiorgi G, Karaman G, Karcher A, Karolak M, Karyotakis Y, Kasai S, Kasetti SP, Kashur L, Kazaryan N, Kearns E, Keener P, Kelly KJ, Kemp E, Kemularia O, Ketchum W, Kettell SH, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Khvedelidze A, Kim D, King B, Kirby B, Kirby M, Klein J, Klustova A, Kobilarcik T, Koehler K, Koerner LW, Koh DH, Kohn S, Koller PP, Kolupaeva L, Korablev D, Kordosky M, Kosc T, Kose U, Kostelecký VA, Kothekar K, Kralik R, Kreczko L, Krennrich F, Kreslo I, Kropp W, Kroupova T, Kubota S, Kudenko Y, Kudryavtsev VA, Kulagin S, Kumar J, Kumar P, Kunze P, Kurita N, Kuruppu C, Kus V, Kutter T, Kvasnicka J, Kwak D, Lambert A, Land B, Lane CE, Lang K, Langford T, Langstaff M, Larkin J, Lasorak P, Last D, Laundrie A, Laurenti G, Lawrence A, Lazanu I, LaZur R, Lazzaroni M, Le T, Leardini S, Learned J, LeBrun P, LeCompte T, Lee C, Lee SY, Miotto GL, Lehnert R, de Oliveira MAL, Leitner M, Lepin LM, Li SW, Li Y, Liao H, Lin CS, Lin Q, Lin S, Lineros RA, Ling J, Lister A, Littlejohn BR, Liu J, Liu Y, Lockwitz S, Loew T, Lokajicek M, Lomidze I, Long K, Lord T, LoSecco JM, Louis WC, Lu XG, Luk KB, Lunday B, Luo X, Luppi E, Lux T, Luzio VP, Maalmi J, MacFarlane D, Machado AA, Machado P, Macias CT, Macier JR, Maddalena A, Madera A, Madigan P, Magill S, Mahn K, Maio A, Major A, Maloney JA, Mandrioli G, Mandujano RC, Maneira J, Manenti L, Manly S, Mann A, Manolopoulos K, Plata MM, Manyam VN, Manzanillas L, Marchan M, Marchionni A, Marciano W, Marfatia D, Mariani C, Maricic J, Marie R, Marinho F, Marino AD, Marsden D, Marshak M, Marshall C, Marshall J, Marteau J, Martín-Albo J, Martinez N, Caicedo DAM, Miravé PM, Martynenko S, Mascagna V, Mason K, Mastbaum A, Matichard F, Matsuno S, Matthews J, Mauger C, Mauri N, Mavrokoridis K, Mawby I, Mazza R, Mazzacane A, Mazzucato E, McAskill T, McCluskey E, McConkey N, McFarland KS, McGrew C, McNab A, Mefodiev A, Mehta P, Melas P, Mena O, Mendez H, Mendez P, Méndez DP, Menegolli A, Meng G, Messier MD, Metcalf W, Mettler T, Mewes M, Meyer H, Miao T, Michna G, Miedema T, Mikola V, Milincic R, Miller G, Miller W, Mills J, Mineev O, Minotti A, Miranda OG, Miryala S, Mishra CS, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Mitchell M, Mladenov D, Mocioiu I, Moffat K, Moggi N, Mohanta R, Mohayai TA, Mokhov N, Molina J, Bueno LM, Montagna E, Montanari A, Montanari C, Montanari D, Zetina LMM, Moon SH, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moreno D, Moretti D, Morris C, Mossey C, Mote M, Motuk E, Moura CA, Mousseau J, Mouster G, Mu W, Mualem L, Mueller J, Muether M, Mufson S, Muheim F, Muir A, Mulhearn M, Munford D, Muramatsu H, Murphy S, Musser J, Nachtman J, Nagu S, Nalbandyan M, Nandakumar R, Naples D, Narita S, Nath A, Navrer-Agasson A, Nayak N, Nebot-Guinot M, Negishi K, Nelson JK, Nesbit J, Nessi M, Newbold D, Newcomer M, Newton H, Nichol R, Nicolas-Arnaldos F, Nikolica A, Niner E, Nishimura K, Norman A, Norrick A, Northrop R, Novella P, Nowak JA, Oberling M, Ochoa-Ricoux J, Olivier A, Olshevskiy A, Onel Y, Onishchuk Y, Ott J, Pagani L, Palacio G, Palamara O, Palestini S, Paley JM, Pallavicini M, Palomares C, Vazquez WP, Pantic E, Paolone V, Papadimitriou V, Papaleo R, Papanestis A, Paramesvaran S, Parke S, Parozzi E, Parsa Z, Parvu M, Pascoli S, Pasqualini L, Pasternak J, Pater J, Patrick C, Patrizii L, Patterson RB, Patton SJ, Patzak T, Paudel A, Paulos B, Paulucci L, Pavlovic Z, Pawloski G, Payne D, Pec V, Peeters SJM, Perez AP, Pennacchio E, Penzo A, Peres OLG, Perry J, Pershey D, Pessina G, Petrillo G, Petta C, Petti R, Pia V, Piastra F, Pickering L, Pietropaolo F, Pimentel VL, Pinaroli G, Plows K, Plunkett R, Poling R, Pompa F, Pons X, Poonthottathil N, Poppi F, Pordes S, Porter J, Potekhin M, Potenza R, Potukuchi BVKS, Pozimski J, Pozzato M, Prakash S, Prakash T, Prest M, Prince S, Psihas F, Pugnere D, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Rademacker J, Radics B, Rafique A, Raguzin E, Rai M, Rajaoalisoa M, Rakhno I, Rakotonandrasana A, Rakotondravohitra L, Rameika R, Delgado MAR, Ramson B, Rappoldi A, Raselli G, Ratoff P, Raut S, Razakamiandra RF, Rea EM, Real JS, Rebel B, Rechenmacher R, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Reichenbacher J, Reitzner SD, Sfar HR, Renshaw A, Rescia S, Resnati F, Ribas M, Riboldi S, Riccio C, Riccobene G, Rice LCJ, Ricol JS, Rigamonti A, Rigaut Y, Rincón EV, Ritchie-Yates H, Rivera D, Robert A, Rochester L, Roda M, Rodrigues P, Alonso MJR, Bonilla ER, Rondon JR, Rosauro-Alcaraz S, Rosenberg M, Rosier P, Roskovec B, Rossella M, Rossi M, Rout J, Roy P, Rubbia A, Rubbia C, Russell B, Ruterbories D, Rybnikov A, Saa-Hernandez A, Saakyan R, Sacerdoti S, Safford T, Sahu N, Sakashita K, Sala P, Samios N, Samoylov O, Sanchez MC, Sandberg V, Sanders DA, Sankey D, Santana S, Santos-Maldonado M, Saoulidou N, Sapienza P, Sarasty C, Sarcevic I, Savage G, Savinov V, Scaramelli A, Scarff A, Scarpelli A, Schefke T, Schellman H, Schifano S, Schlabach P, Schmitz D, Schneider AW, Scholberg K, Schukraft A, Segreto E, Selyunin A, Senise CR, Sensenig J, Sergi A, Sgalaberna D, Shaevitz MH, Shafaq S, Shaker F, Shamma M, Sharankova R, Sharma HR, Sharma R, Sharma RK, Shaw T, Shchablo K, Shepherd-Themistocleous C, Sheshukov A, Shin S, Shoemaker I, Shooltz D, Shrock R, Siegel H, Simard L, Sinclair J, Sinev G, Singh J, Singh J, Singh L, Singh P, Singh V, Sipos R, Sippach FW, Sirri G, Sitraka A, Siyeon K, Skarpaas K, Smith A, Smith E, Smith P, Smolik J, Smy M, Snider E, Snopok P, Snowden-Ifft D, Nunes MS, Sobel H, Soderberg M, Sokolov S, Salinas CJS, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti SR, Solomey N, Solovov V, Sondheim WE, Sorel M, Sotnikov A, Soto-Oton J, Ugaldi FAS, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Spagliardi F, Spanu M, Spitz J, Spooner NJC, Spurgeon K, Stancari M, Stanco L, Stanford C, Stein R, Steiner HM, Lisbôa AFS, Stewart J, Stillwell B, Stock J, Stocker F, Stokes T, Strait M, Strauss T, Strigari L, Stuart A, Suarez JG, Sunción JMS, Sullivan H, Summers D, Surdo A, Susic V, Suter L, Sutera CM, Svoboda R, Szczerbinska B, Szelc AM, Tanaka H, Tang S, Tapia A, Oregui BT, Tapper A, Tariq S, Tarpara E, Tata N, Tatar E, Tayloe R, Teklu AM, Tennessen P, Tenti M, Terao K, Ternes CA, Terranova F, Testera G, Thakore T, 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Whittington D, Wilking MJ, Wilkinson A, Wilkinson C, Williams Z, Wilson F, Wilson RJ, Wisniewski W, Wolcott J, Wongjirad T, Wood A, Wood K, Worcester E, Worcester M, Wresilo K, Wret C, Wu W, Wu W, Xiao Y, Xie F, Yaeggy B, Yandel E, Yang G, Yang K, Yang T, Yankelevich A, Yershov N, Yonehara K, Yoon YS, Young T, Yu B, Yu H, Yu H, Yu J, Yu Y, Yuan W, Zaki R, Zalesak J, Zambelli L, Zamorano B, Zani A, Zazueta L, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zeug K, Zhang C, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhivun E, Zhu G, Zimmerman ED, Zucchelli S, Zuklin J, Zutshi V, Zwaska R. Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift-length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2022; 82:618. [PMID: 35859696 PMCID: PMC9288420 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6 × 6 × 6 m 3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Abed Abud
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - B. Abi
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. A. Acero
- Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico Colombia
| | - M. R. Adames
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - G. Adamov
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - M. Adamowski
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Adams
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - J. Aguilar
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Z. Ahmad
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | - J. Ahmed
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - B. Aimard
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - T. Alion
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - K. Allison
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - S. Alonso Monsalve
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. AlRashed
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - C. Alt
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Alton
- Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA
| | - R. Alvarez
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Amedo
- Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J. Anderson
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - C. Andreopoulos
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Andreotti
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M. Andrews
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Andrianala
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - S. Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N. Anfimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - A. Ankowski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Antoniassi
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - M. Antonova
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - A. Antoshkin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - S. Antusch
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - L. Arellano
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | | | - J. Asaadi
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - L. Asquith
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - A. Aurisano
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - V. Aushev
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - D. Autiero
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - M. Ayala-Torres
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F. Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - A. Back
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - H. Back
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. J. Back
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | | | - L. Bagby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Balashov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - P. Baldi
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - B. Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Bambah
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - F. Barao
- Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G. Barenboim
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - P. Barham Alzas
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - G. Barker
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - W. Barkhouse
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - C. Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | | | - A. Barros
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - N. Barros
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. L. Barrow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - A. Bashyal
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - V. Basque
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | | | | | | | - F. Bay
- Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Döşemealti/Antalya, Turkey
| | - M. C. Q. Bazetto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | | | - E. Bechetoille
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - B. Behera
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - C. Beigbeder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L. Bellantoni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - V. Bellini
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - O. Beltramello
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - N. Benekos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - F. Bento Neves
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Berger
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - S. Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Bernardini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - A. Bersani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - S. Bertolucci
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - M. Betancourt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Bevan
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Y. Bezawada
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | | | - A. Bhardwaj
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - V. Bhatnagar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh, U.T. 160014 India
| | - M. Bhattacharjee
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - D. Bhattarai
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Bhuller
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - B. Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - S. Biagi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - J. Bian
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - M. Biassoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - K. Biery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Bilki
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - M. Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Bitadze
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - F. Blaszczyk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. C. Blazey
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - E. Blucher
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. Boissevain
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. Bolognesi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T. Bolton
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - L. Bomben
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- University of Insubria, Via Ravasi, 2, 21100 Varese, VA Italy
| | - M. Bonesini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Bongrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - F. Bonini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Booth
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - F. Boran
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S. Bordoni
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Borkum
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - N. Bostan
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - P. Bour
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - C. Bourgeois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D. Boyden
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - J. Bracinik
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - D. Braga
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Branca
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Brandt
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - J. Bremer
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Breton
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C. Brew
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - S. J. Brice
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Brizzolari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. Brooke
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - A. Bross
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Brunetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - N. Buchanan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - H. Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - I. Butorov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - I. Cagnoli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - T. Cai
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - D. Caiulo
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - R. Calabrese
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P. Calafiura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Calcutt
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - M. Calin
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Calvez
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Calvo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Caminata
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | | | - D. Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Carber
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | - G. Carini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - B. Carlus
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - P. Carniti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - H. Carranza
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - T. Carroll
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - A. Castillo
- Universidad Sergio Arboleda, 11022 Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - E. Catano-Mur
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - C. Cattadori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Cavalier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - G. Cavallaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Centro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - G. Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Cervelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Cervera Villanueva
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - M. Chalifour
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - E. Chardonnet
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - N. Charitonidis
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Chattopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | | | - H. Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Chen
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Chen
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Z. Chen
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - Y. Cheon
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - D. Cherdack
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Chi
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - S. Childress
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Chirco
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | | | - K. Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - S. Choate
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Chokheli
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - P. S. Chong
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - D. Christian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Christodoulou
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Chukanov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - M. Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - E. Church
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - V. Cicero
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - P. Clarke
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - G. Cline
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. E. Coan
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275 USA
| | - A. G. Cocco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - J. A. B. Coelho
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - N. Colton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Conley
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - R. Conley
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - J. Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Copello
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - P. Cova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- University of Parma, 43121 Parma, PR Italy
| | - L. Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - L. Cremonesi
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - J. I. Crespo-Anadón
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Crisler
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Cristaldo
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - J. Crnkovic
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - R. Cross
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - A. Cudd
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - C. Cuesta
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y. Cui
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - D. Cussans
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - O. Dalager
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - H. da Motta
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-180 Brazil
| | - L. Da Silva Peres
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901 Brazil
| | - C. David
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Q. David
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - G. S. Davies
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Davini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - J. Dawson
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - K. De
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. De
- University of Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - P. Debbins
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - I. De Bonis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M. P. Decowski
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - P. C. De Holanda
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | | | - P. De Jong
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Delbart
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Delepine
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M. Delgado
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Dell’Acqua
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - N. Delmonte
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- University of Parma, 43121 Parma, PR Italy
| | - P. De Lurgio
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - D. M. DeMuth
- Valley City State University, Valley City, ND 58072 USA
| | - S. Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - C. Densham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - A. De Roeck
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - V. De Romeri
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - G. De Souza
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - R. Devi
- University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | | | - M. Dias
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - F. Diaz
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - J. S. Díaz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Di Domizio
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Di Giulio
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Di Noto
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - G. Dirkx
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - C. Distefano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Diurba
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Z. Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - D. Doering
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Dolan
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - F. Dolek
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Dolinski
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - L. Domine
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Y. Donon
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Douglas
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - D. Douillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A. Dragone
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Drake
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Drielsma
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - L. Duarte
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - D. Duchesneau
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - K. Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Dunne
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - B. Dutta
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - H. Duyang
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | | | - D. Dwyer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - A. Dyshkant
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - M. Eads
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - A. Earle
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - D. Edmunds
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. Eisch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Emberger
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Max-Planck-Institut, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - S. Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P. Englezos
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | | | - T. Erjavec
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - C. Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Eurin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J. J. Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - E. Ewart
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - K. Fahey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Falcone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Fani’
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - C. Farnese
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Y. Farzan
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - D. Fedoseev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - J. Felix
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Y. Feng
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | | | - P. Fernandez Menendez
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - F. Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Fields
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - P. Filip
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - F. Filthaut
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Fiorini
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V. Fischer
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | | | - W. Flanagan
- University of Dallas, Irving, TX 75062-4736 USA
| | - B. Fleming
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - R. Flight
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - S. Fogarty
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - W. Foreman
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - J. Fowler
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - W. Fox
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Franc
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - K. Francis
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Franco
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - J. Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Freestone
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Fried
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Friedland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - S. Fuess
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - I. K. Furic
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440 USA
| | - K. Furman
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - A. P. Furmanski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Gabrielli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Gago
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - A. Gallas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A. Gallego-Ros
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Gallice
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - V. Galymov
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - E. Gamberini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - T. Gamble
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - F. Ganacim
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - R. Gandhi
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | - R. Gandrajula
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Gao
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Gao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - M. Á. García-Peris
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Gauvreau
- Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA
| | - G. Ge
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - N. Geffroy
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Gelli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | - S. Gent
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | | | - P. Giammaria
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - T. Giammaria
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - D. Gibin
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - I. Gil-Botella
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Gilligan
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - C. Girerd
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. K. Giri
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - D. Gnani
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - O. Gogota
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - M. Gold
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - S. Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - K. Gollwitzer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. A. Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | | | | | - F. Gonnella
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | | | - O. Goodwin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. Goswami
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380 009 India
| | - C. Gotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - C. Grace
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - R. Gran
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - E. Granados
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - P. Granger
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Grant
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - C. Grant
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - D. Gratieri
- Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí, Niterói, RJ 24220-900 Brazil
| | - P. Green
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - L. Greenler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - J. Greer
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - J. Grenard
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Groh
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | - K. Grzelak
- University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W. Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - V. Guarino
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - M. Guarise
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - E. Guerard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M. Guerzoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - D. Guffanti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Guglielmi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - B. Guo
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - A. Gupta
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - V. Gupta
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - P. Guzowski
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - M. M. Guzzo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - S. Gwon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - C. Ha
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - K. Haaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Habig
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - H. Hadavand
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. Haenni
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Haiston
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | | | - T. Hamernik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Hamilton
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Han
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - D. A. Harris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | | | - T. Hartnett
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - J. Harton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - T. Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki, 305-0801 Japan
| | - C. Hasnip
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | - C. Hayes
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - J. Hays
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - E. Hazen
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - M. He
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - A. Heavey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Heise
- Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, SD 57754 USA
| | - S. Henry
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - K. Herner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Hewes
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - C. Hilgenberg
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - T. Hill
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | | | - A. Himmel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Hinkle
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - L. R. Hirsch
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - J. Ho
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - J. Hoff
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Holin
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - E. Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | - M. Hostert
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - B. Howard
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Howell
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - J. Hoyos
- University of Medellín, Medellín, 050026 Colombia
| | - I. Hristova
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. S. Hronek
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Huang
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Z. Hulcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Iles
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - N. Ilic
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - A. M. Iliescu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Illingworth
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Ingratta
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Ioannisian
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - B. Irwin
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - L. Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79601 USA
| | - R. Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. M. Jackson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - V. Jain
- University of Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - E. James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Jang
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - B. Jargowsky
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - F. Jediny
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - D. Jena
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. S. Jeong
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - C. Jesús-Valls
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - X. Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - L. Jiang
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA
| | - S. Jiménez
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Jipa
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - W. Johnson
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - N. Johnston
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - B. Jones
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. Jones
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - M. Judah
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - C. K. Jung
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - T. Junk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | | | - A. Kaboth
- Royal Holloway College, London, TW20 0EX UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - I. Kadenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - I. Kakorin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - A. Kalitkina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - D. Kalra
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - F. Kamiya
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - N. Kaneshige
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - D. M. Kaplan
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | - G. Karaman
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - A. Karcher
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Karolak
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Y. Karyotakis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - S. Kasai
- National Institute of Technology, Kure College, Hiroshima, 737-8506 Japan
| | - S. P. Kasetti
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Kashur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - N. Kazaryan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - E. Kearns
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - P. Keener
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. J. Kelly
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - E. Kemp
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | - W. Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - M. Khabibullin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - A. Khotjantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - D. Kim
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - B. King
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Kirby
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - M. Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Klein
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Klustova
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - T. Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Koehler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - D. H. Koh
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Kohn
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - L. Kolupaeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - D. Korablev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - M. Kordosky
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - T. Kosc
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - U. Kose
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | - R. Kralik
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - L. Kreczko
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | | | - I. Kreslo
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. Kropp
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - T. Kroupova
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - S. Kubota
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Y. Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - S. Kulagin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - J. Kumar
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - P. Kumar
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - P. Kunze
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - N. Kurita
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Kuruppu
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - V. Kus
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Kutter
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - J. Kvasnicka
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - D. Kwak
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - A. Lambert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - B. Land
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - C. E. Lane
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Lang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | | | - M. Langstaff
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Larkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - P. Lasorak
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - D. Last
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Laundrie
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - G. Laurenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Lawrence
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - I. Lazanu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. LaZur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Lazzaroni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - T. Le
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - S. Leardini
- Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J. Learned
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - P. LeBrun
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - T. LeCompte
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Lee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Y. Lee
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonrabuk-do, 54896 South Korea
| | - G. Lehmann Miotto
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Lehnert
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - M. Leitner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - L. M. Lepin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. W. Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Y. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Liao
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - C. S. Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Q. Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Lin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | | | - J. Ling
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - A. Lister
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - J. Liu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Liu
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - S. Lockwitz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Loew
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - I. Lomidze
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - K. Long
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - T. Lord
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - W. C. Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - X.-G. Lu
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - K. B. Luk
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - B. Lunday
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - X. Luo
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - E. Luppi
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - T. Lux
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. P. Luzio
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - J. Maalmi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D. MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. A. Machado
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - P. Machado
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. R. Macier
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Maddalena
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - A. Madera
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. Madigan
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - K. Mahn
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - A. Maio
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Major
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | | | - G. Mandrioli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - J. Maneira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L. Manenti
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Manly
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - A. Mann
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | | | | | - V. N. Manyam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - L. Manzanillas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M. Marchan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Marchionni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Marciano
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - D. Marfatia
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | | | - J. Maricic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - R. Marie
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - F. Marinho
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP 13604-900 Brazil
| | - A. D. Marino
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - D. Marsden
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - M. Marshak
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - C. Marshall
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - J. Marteau
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J. Martín-Albo
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - N. Martinez
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | | | - P. Martínez Miravé
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Martynenko
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - V. Mascagna
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- University of Insubria, Via Ravasi, 2, 21100 Varese, VA Italy
| | - K. Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - A. Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - F. Matichard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Matsuno
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - C. Mauger
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - N. Mauri
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - I. Mawby
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - R. Mazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Mazzucato
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - E. McCluskey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. McConkey
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | - C. McGrew
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - A. McNab
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Mefodiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - P. Mehta
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - P. Melas
- University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - O. Mena
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - H. Mendez
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA
| | - P. Mendez
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. P. Méndez
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Menegolli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Meng
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - W. Metcalf
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - T. Mettler
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Mewes
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - H. Meyer
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - T. Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Michna
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - T. Miedema
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - V. Mikola
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - R. Milincic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - G. Miller
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - W. Miller
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - J. Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - O. Mineev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - A. Minotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - O. G. Miranda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Miryala
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. S. Mishra
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. R. Mishra
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - A. Mislivec
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Mitchell
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - D. Mladenov
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - I. Mocioiu
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - K. Moffat
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - N. Moggi
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Mohanta
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - T. A. Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Mokhov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Molina
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - L. Molina Bueno
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - E. Montagna
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Montanari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - C. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - D. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. M. Montañno Zetina
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. H. Moon
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - M. Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - A. F. Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - D. Moreno
- Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D. Moretti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Morris
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Mossey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Mote
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - E. Motuk
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - C. A. Moura
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - J. Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Mouster
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - W. Mu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Mueller
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Muether
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - S. Mufson
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - F. Muheim
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - A. Muir
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - M. Mulhearn
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - D. Munford
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - H. Muramatsu
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | | | - J. Musser
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - S. Nagu
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - M. Nalbandyan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - R. Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - D. Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Narita
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - A. Nath
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | | | - N. Nayak
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - K. Negishi
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - J. K. Nelson
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - J. Nesbit
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Nessi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Newbold
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Newcomer
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - H. Newton
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - R. Nichol
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | | | - A. Nikolica
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - E. Niner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Norrick
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Northrop
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - P. Novella
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - M. Oberling
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - A. Olivier
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - A. Olshevskiy
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - Y. Onel
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Y. Onishchuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - J. Ott
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - L. Pagani
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - G. Palacio
- Universidad EIA, Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - O. Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Palestini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. M. Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Pallavicini
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - C. Palomares
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - E. Pantic
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - V. Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - R. Papaleo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - A. Papanestis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - S. Parke
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Parozzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Z. Parsa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Parvu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Pascoli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - L. Pasqualini
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Pasternak
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Pater
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - C. Patrick
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - L. Patrizii
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - S. J. Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. Patzak
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - A. Paudel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Paulos
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - L. Paulucci
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - Z. Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Pawloski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - D. Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - V. Pec
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - A. Pena Perez
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - E. Pennacchio
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. Penzo
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - O. L. G. Peres
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - J. Perry
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | | | - G. Pessina
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Petrillo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Petta
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Petti
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - V. Pia
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - F. Piastra
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - L. Pickering
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Pietropaolo
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - V. L. Pimentel
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informacao Renato Archer, Amarais, Campinas, SP CEP 13069-901 Brazil
| | - G. Pinaroli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - K. Plows
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Poling
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - F. Pompa
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - X. Pons
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - F. Poppi
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - S. Pordes
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Porter
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - M. Potekhin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - R. Potenza
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J. Pozimski
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Pozzato
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - S. Prakash
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - T. Prakash
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Prest
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - S. Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - F. Psihas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Pugnere
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - X. Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. L. Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - A. Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - E. Raguzin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Rai
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - I. Rakhno
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | - R. Rameika
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - B. Ramson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Rappoldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Raselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - P. Ratoff
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - S. Raut
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - E. M. Rea
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - J. S. Real
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B. Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - R. Rechenmacher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Reichenbacher
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - S. D. Reitzner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - H. Rejeb Sfar
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Renshaw
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - S. Rescia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - F. Resnati
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - M. Ribas
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - S. Riboldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Riccio
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - G. Riccobene
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J. S. Ricol
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A. Rigamonti
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - D. Rivera
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - A. Robert
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L. Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Roda
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Rosenberg
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - P. Rosier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - B. Roskovec
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - M. Rossella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - M. Rossi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. Rout
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - P. Roy
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | | | - C. Rubbia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - B. Russell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - A. Rybnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - R. Saakyan
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Sacerdoti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - T. Safford
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - N. Sahu
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - K. Sakashita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki, 305-0801 Japan
| | - P. Sala
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - N. Samios
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - O. Samoylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - V. Sandberg
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | | | - D. Sankey
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - S. Santana
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA
| | | | | | - P. Sapienza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - C. Sarasty
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | | | - G. Savage
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Savinov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - A. Scaramelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Scarff
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - A. Scarpelli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Schefke
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - H. Schellman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - S. Schifano
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P. Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - A. W. Schneider
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - A. Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Segreto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - A. Selyunin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - C. R. Senise
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - J. Sensenig
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Sergi
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | - S. Shafaq
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - F. Shaker
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - M. Shamma
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | | | | | - R. Sharma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - R. K. Sharma
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - T. Shaw
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Shchablo
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - A. Sheshukov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - S. Shin
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonrabuk-do, 54896 South Korea
| | | | - D. Shooltz
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - R. Shrock
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - H. Siegel
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - L. Simard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J. Sinclair
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Sinev
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - L. Singh
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - P. Singh
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - V. Singh
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - R. Sipos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - G. Sirri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Sitraka
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - K. Siyeon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - K. Skarpaas
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - E. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - P. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Smolik
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M. Smy
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - E. Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Snopok
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | | | - H. Sobel
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - S. Sokolov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | | | - S. R. Soleti
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - N. Solomey
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - V. Solovov
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - W. E. Sondheim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - M. Sorel
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - A. Sotnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - J. Soto-Oton
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A. Sousa
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - K. Soustruznik
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - M. Spanu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - J. Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | | | - M. Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Stanco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - R. Stein
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - H. M. Steiner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - J. Stewart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - J. Stock
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - F. Stocker
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - T. Stokes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. Strait
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - T. Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Strigari
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - A. Stuart
- Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | | | | | - H. Sullivan
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - D. Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - A. Surdo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Susic
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L. Suter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. M. Sutera
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Svoboda
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - B. Szczerbinska
- Texas A &M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA
| | - A. M. Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - H. Tanaka
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Tapia
- University of Medellín, Medellín, 050026 Colombia
| | | | - A. Tapper
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - S. Tariq
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Tarpara
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - N. Tata
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - E. Tatar
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | - R. Tayloe
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - A. M. Teklu
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - P. Tennessen
- Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Döşemealti/Antalya, Turkey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Tenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - K. Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. A. Ternes
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Terranova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Testera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - T. Thakore
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - A. Thea
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - C. Thorn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. C. Timm
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - L. Tomassetti
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A. Tonazzo
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - D. Torbunov
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Torti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Tortola
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Tortorici
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - N. Tosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - D. Totani
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - M. Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - R. Travaglini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Trevor
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. Trilov
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | | | - Y. Tsai
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y.-T. Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - K. V. Tsang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - N. Tsverava
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - S. Tufanli
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - E. Tyley
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - M. Tzanov
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Uboldi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - J. Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - T. Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Uzunyan
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - M. R. Vagins
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - P. Vahle
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - S. Valder
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | | | - E. Valencia
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - R. Valentim
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - Z. Vallari
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - E. Vallazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - J. W. F. Valle
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Vallecorsa
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Van Berg
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | | | - D. Vannerom
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - F. Varanini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - D. Vargas Oliva
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Vasel
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Vasina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - G. Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N. Vaughan
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - K. Vaziri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Ventura
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - A. Verdugo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Vergani
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - M. A. Vermeulen
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Verzocchi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Vicenzi
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - H. Vieira de Souza
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - C. Vignoli
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - C. Vilela
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - B. Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Vrba
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Wachala
- H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A. V. Waldron
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Wallbank
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - C. Wallis
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - H. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J. Wang
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - L. Wang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - X. Wang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - D. Warner
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. O. Wascko
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - D. Waters
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - A. Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - K. Wawrowska
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | | | - A. Weber
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Weber
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - H. Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - D. Wenman
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - A. White
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | | | | | - M. J. Wilking
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - C. Wilkinson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Z. Williams
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - F. Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - R. J. Wilson
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - W. Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | | | - A. Wood
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - K. Wood
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - E. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - K. Wresilo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - C. Wret
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - W. Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Wu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Xiao
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - F. Xie
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - B. Yaeggy
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - E. Yandel
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - G. Yang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - K. Yang
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - T. Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - N. Yershov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - K. Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. S. Yoon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - T. Young
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - B. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Yu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - J. Yu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Y. Yu
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - W. Yuan
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - R. Zaki
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - J. Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - L. Zambelli
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Zamorano
- University of Granada & CAFPE, 18002 Granada, Spain
| | - A. Zani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - L. Zazueta
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - G. P. Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Zeug
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - C. Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. Zhang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Y. Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - M. Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - E. Zhivun
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - G. Zhu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | | | - S. Zucchelli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Zuklin
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - V. Zutshi
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - R. Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
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Acero MA, Adamson P, Aliaga L, Anfimov N, Antoshkin A, Arrieta-Diaz E, Asquith L, Aurisano A, Back A, Backhouse C, Baird M, Balashov N, Baldi P, Bambah BA, Bashar S, Bays K, Bernstein R, Bhatnagar V, Bhuyan B, Bian J, Blair J, Booth AC, Bowles R, Bromberg C, Buchanan N, Butkevich A, Calvez S, Carroll TJ, Catano-Mur E, Choudhary BC, Christensen A, Coan TE, Colo M, Cremonesi L, Davies GS, Derwent PF, Ding P, Djurcic Z, Dolce M, Doyle D, Dueñas Tonguino D, Dukes EC, Duyang H, Edayath S, Ehrlich R, Elkins M, Ewart E, Feldman GJ, Filip P, Franc J, Frank MJ, Gallagher HR, Gandrajula R, Gao F, Giri A, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Grichine V, Groh M, Group R, Guo B, Habig A, Hakl F, Hall A, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Hausner H, Heller K, Hewes J, Himmel A, Holin A, Huang J, Jargowsky B, Jarosz J, Jediny F, Johnson C, Judah M, Kakorin I, Kalra D, Kalitkina A, Kaplan DM, Keloth R, Klimov O, Koerner LW, Kolupaeva L, Kotelnikov S, Kralik R, Kullenberg C, Kubu M, Kumar A, Kuruppu CD, Kus V, Lackey T, Lasorak P, Lang K, Lesmeister J, Lin S, Lister A, Liu J, Lokajicek M, Magill S, Manrique Plata M, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Martinez-Casales M, Matveev V, Mayes B, Méndez DP, Messier MD, Meyer H, Miao T, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Mohanta R, Moren A, Morozova A, Mu W, Mualem L, Muether M, Mulder K, Naples D, Nayak N, Nelson JK, Nichol R, Niner E, Norman A, Norrick A, Nosek T, Oh H, Olshevskiy A, Olson T, Ott J, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Petrova O, Petti R, Phan DD, Plunkett RK, Porter JCC, Rafique A, Raj V, Rajaoalisoa M, Ramson B, Rebel B, Rojas P, Ryabov V, Samoylov O, Sanchez MC, Sánchez Falero S, Shanahan P, Sheshukov A, Singh P, Singh V, Smith E, Smolik J, Snopok P, Solomey N, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Strait M, Suter L, Sutton A, Swain S, Sweeney C, Tapia Oregui B, Tas P, Thakore T, Thayyullathil RB, Thomas J, Tiras E, Tripathi J, Trokan-Tenorio J, Tsaris A, Torun Y, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vallari Z, Vasel J, Vokac P, Vrba T, Wallbank M, Warburton TK, Wetstein M, Whittington D, Wickremasinghe DA, Wojcicki SG, Wolcott J, Wu W, Xiao Y, Yallappa Dombara A, Yonehara K, Yu S, Yu Y, Zadorozhnyy S, Zalesak J, Zhang Y, Zwaska R. Search for Active-Sterile Antineutrino Mixing Using Neutral-Current Interactions with the NOvA Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:201801. [PMID: 34860065 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.201801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports results from the first long-baseline search for sterile antineutrinos mixing in an accelerator-based antineutrino-dominated beam. The rate of neutral-current interactions in the two NOvA detectors, at distances of 1 and 810 km from the beam source, is analyzed using an exposure of 12.51×10^{20} protons-on-target from the NuMI beam at Fermilab running in antineutrino mode. A total of 121 of neutral-current candidates are observed at the far detector, compared to a prediction of 122±11(stat.)±15(syst.) assuming mixing only between three active flavors. No evidence for ν[over ¯]_{μ}→ν[over ¯]_{s} oscillation is observed. Interpreting this result within a 3+1 model, constraints are placed on the mixing angles θ_{24}<25° and θ_{34}<32° at the 90% C.L. for 0.05 eV^{2}≤Δm_{41}^{2}≤0.5 eV^{2}, the range of mass splittings that produces no significant oscillations at the near detector. These are the first 3+1 confidence limits set using long-baseline accelerator antineutrinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Acero
- Universidad del Atlantico, Carrera 30 No. 8-49, Puerto Colombia, Atlantico, Colombia
| | - P Adamson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Aliaga
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Anfimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - A Antoshkin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - E Arrieta-Diaz
- Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 No 22 - 08 Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - L Asquith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Aurisano
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Back
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - C Backhouse
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - M Baird
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - N Balashov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - P Baldi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B A Bambah
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - S Bashar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K Bays
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - R Bernstein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Bhatnagar
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - B Bhuyan
- Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, India
| | - J Bian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Blair
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - A C Booth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Bowles
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - C Bromberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Buchanan
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - A Butkevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - S Calvez
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - T J Carroll
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Catano-Mur
- Department of Physics, William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - B C Choudhary
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - A Christensen
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - T E Coan
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M Colo
- Department of Physics, William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - L Cremonesi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - G S Davies
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P F Derwent
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Z Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Dolce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - D Doyle
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - D Dueñas Tonguino
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - E C Dukes
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - H Duyang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - S Edayath
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - R Ehrlich
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - M Elkins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - E Ewart
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - G J Feldman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Filip
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Franc
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M J Frank
- Department of Physics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
| | - H R Gallagher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - R Gandrajula
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - F Gao
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Giri
- Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502 205, India
| | - R A Gomes
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - M C Goodman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Grichine
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Groh
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Group
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - B Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Habig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - F Hakl
- Institute of Computer Science, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 07 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Hall
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - J Hartnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H Hausner
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Heller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Hewes
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Himmel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Holin
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - B Jargowsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J Jarosz
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - F Jediny
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - C Johnson
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - M Judah
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - I Kakorin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - D Kalra
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - A Kalitkina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - D M Kaplan
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - R Keloth
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - O Klimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - L W Koerner
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - L Kolupaeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - S Kotelnikov
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - R Kralik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Ch Kullenberg
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - M Kubu
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - C D Kuruppu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - V Kus
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T Lackey
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Lasorak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - K Lang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J Lesmeister
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - S Lin
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - A Lister
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - M Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - W A Mann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M L Marshak
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Martinez-Casales
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - V Matveev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - B Mayes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - D P Méndez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - M D Messier
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - H Meyer
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - T Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W H Miller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S R Mishra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Mislivec
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Mohanta
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - A Moren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - A Morozova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - W Mu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Muether
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - K Mulder
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D Naples
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - N Nayak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J K Nelson
- Department of Physics, William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - R Nichol
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Niner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Norrick
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Oh
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Olshevskiy
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - T Olson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Ott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R B Patterson
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Pawloski
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - O Petrova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - R Petti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D D Phan
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R K Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J C C Porter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Raj
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Rajaoalisoa
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B Ramson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Rojas
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - V Ryabov
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - O Samoylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - M C Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Sánchez Falero
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - P Shanahan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sheshukov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - P Singh
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - V Singh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - E Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Smolik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - P Snopok
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - N Solomey
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - A Sousa
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - K Soustruznik
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Strait
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - L Suter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sutton
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Swain
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - C Sweeney
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - B Tapia Oregui
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - P Tas
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Thakore
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - R B Thayyullathil
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - J Thomas
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Tiras
- Department of Physics, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38030, Turkey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Tripathi
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - J Trokan-Tenorio
- Department of Physics, William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - A Tsaris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Torun
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Vahle
- Department of Physics, William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - Z Vallari
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Vasel
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Vokac
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T Vrba
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M Wallbank
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - T K Warburton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - M Wetstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - D Whittington
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse New York 13210, USA
| | | | - S G Wojcicki
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Wolcott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - W Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Y Xiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - A Yallappa Dombara
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse New York 13210, USA
| | - K Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Yu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Y Yu
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - S Zadorozhnyy
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - J Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Prospects for beyond the Standard Model physics searches at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment: DUNE Collaboration. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2021; 81:322. [PMID: 34720713 PMCID: PMC8550327 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a powerful tool for a variety of physics topics. The high-intensity proton beams provide a large neutrino flux, sampled by a near detector system consisting of a combination of capable precision detectors, and by the massive far detector system located deep underground. This configuration sets up DUNE as a machine for discovery, as it enables opportunities not only to perform precision neutrino measurements that may uncover deviations from the present three-flavor mixing paradigm, but also to discover new particles and unveil new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model (SM). Of the many potential beyond the Standard Model (BSM) topics DUNE will probe, this paper presents a selection of studies quantifying DUNE's sensitivities to sterile neutrino mixing, heavy neutral leptons, non-standard interactions, CPT symmetry violation, Lorentz invariance violation, neutrino trident production, dark matter from both beam induced and cosmogenic sources, baryon number violation, and other new physics topics that complement those at high-energy colliders and significantly extend the present reach.
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Grants
- MR/T019530/1 Medical Research Council
- MR/T041323/1 Medical Research Council
- MSMT, Czech Republic
- NRF, South Korea
- Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- SERI, Switzerland
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- U.S. Department of Energy
- CERN
- Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu
- The Royal Society, United Kingdom
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- U.S. NSF
- FCT, Portugal
- CEA, France
- CNRS/IN2P3, France
- European Regional Development Fund
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- H2020-EU, European Union
- IPP, Canada
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- CAM, Spain
- MSCA, European Union
- Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- Fundacção de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Fundacion “La Caixa” Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Abi
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. A. Acero
- Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico Colombia
| | - G. Adamov
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - D. Adams
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - Z. Ahmad
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | - J. Ahmed
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - T. Alion
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - S. Alonso Monsalve
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Alt
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. Anderson
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - C. Andreopoulos
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. P. Andrews
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Andrianala
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - S. Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Ankowski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Antonova
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Antusch
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - A. Ariga
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - J. Asaadi
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - A. Aurisano
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - V. Aushev
- Kyiv National University, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - D. Autiero
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - F. Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - H. Back
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. J. Back
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - P. Baesso
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - L. Bagby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Bajou
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - P. Baldi
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - B. Bambah
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - F. Barao
- Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G. Barenboim
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - W. Barkhouse
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - C. Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | | | - N. Barros
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. L. Barrow
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - A. Bashyal
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - V. Basque
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - F. Bay
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - E. Bechetoille
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - B. Behera
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - L. Bellantoni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - V. Bellini
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - O. Beltramello
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Belver
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Benekos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - F. Bento Neves
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Berger
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Bernardini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - H. Berns
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - S. Bertolucci
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - M. Betancourt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Bezawada
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - M. Bhattacharjee
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - B. Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - S. Biagi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - J. Bian
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - M. Biassoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - K. Biery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Bilki
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - M. Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Bitadze
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - B. Blanco Siffert
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901 Brazil
| | | | - G. C. Blazey
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - E. Blucher
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. Boissevain
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. Bolognesi
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T. Bolton
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - M. Bonesini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Bongrand
- Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, 91440 Orsay, France
| | - F. Bonini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Booth
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - C. Booth
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - S. Bordoni
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Borkum
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - T. Boschi
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - N. Bostan
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - P. Bour
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - S. B. Boyd
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - D. Boyden
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - J. Bracinik
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - D. Braga
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Brandt
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - J. Bremer
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Brew
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - E. Brianne
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. J. Brice
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Brizzolari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | | | - J. Brooke
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - A. Bross
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Brunetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - N. Buchanan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - H. Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - D. Caiulo
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - P. Calafiura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Calcutt
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - M. Calin
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Calvez
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Calvo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A. Caminata
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | | | - D. Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Carini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - B. Carlus
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - P. Carniti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - H. Carranza
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - A. Castillo
- Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Bogotá, 11022 Colombia
| | | | - C. Cattadori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Cavalier
- Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, 91440 Orsay, France
| | - F. Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Centro
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - G. Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Cervelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - M. Chalifour
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Chang
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - E. Chardonnet
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - S. Chattopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | - J. Chaves
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - H. Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Chen
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Chen
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - D. Cherdack
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Chi
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - S. Childress
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - K. Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - S. Choubey
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | | | - D. Christian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Christodoulou
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - E. Church
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - P. Clarke
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - T. E. Coan
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275 USA
| | - A. G. Cocco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - E. Conley
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - J. M. Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - L. Corwin
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - P. Cotte
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L. Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | | | - J. I. Crespo-Anadón
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Cristaldo
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - R. Cross
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - C. Cuesta
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y. Cui
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - D. Cussans
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - M. Dabrowski
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. da Motta
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-180 Brazil
| | - L. Da Silva Peres
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901 Brazil
| | - C. David
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Q. David
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - G. S. Davies
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Davini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - J. Dawson
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - K. De
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. M. De Almeida
- Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí, Niterói, RJ 24220-900 Brazil
| | - P. Debbins
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - I. De Bonis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M. P. Decowski
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - P. C. De Holanda
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | | | - P. De Jong
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Delbart
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D. Delepine
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M. Delgado
- Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A. Dell’Acqua
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. De Lurgio
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - D. M. DeMuth
- Valley City State University, Valley City, ND 58072 USA
| | - S. Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - C. Densham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - G. Deptuch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. De Roeck
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - V. De Romeri
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | | | - M. Dias
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - F. Diaz
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - J. S. Díaz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Di Domizio
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Di Giulio
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Di Noto
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - C. Distefano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Diurba
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Z. Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - N. Dokania
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - L. Domine
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - D. Douglas
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Drielsma
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - D. Duchesneau
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - K. Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Dunne
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - T. Durkin
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - H. Duyang
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | | | - D. A. Dwyer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - M. Eads
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Edmunds
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. Eisch
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - S. Emery
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - C. O. Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. J. Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - E. Ewart
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - K. Fahey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Falcone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Farnese
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Y. Farzan
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J. Felix
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - F. Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Fields
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Filkins
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - F. Filthaut
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - W. Flanagan
- University of Dallas, Irving, TX 75062-4736 USA
| | - B. Fleming
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - R. Flight
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - J. Fowler
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - W. Fox
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Franc
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - K. Francis
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Franco
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - J. Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Freestone
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Fried
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Friedland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Fuess
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - I. Furic
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440 USA
| | - A. P. Furmanski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Gago
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - A. Gallego-Ros
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Gallice
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - V. Galymov
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - E. Gamberini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - T. Gamble
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - R. Gandhi
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | - R. Gandrajula
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - S. Gao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - S. Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - G. Ge
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - B. Gelli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | - S. Gent
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | | | - D. Gibin
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - I. Gil-Botella
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Girerd
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. K. Giri
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - D. Gnani
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - O. Gogota
- Kyiv National University, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - M. Gold
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - S. Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - K. Gollwitzer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. A. Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | | | | | - F. Gonnella
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | - O. Goodwin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. Goswami
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380 009 India
| | - C. Gotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - C. Grace
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - R. Gran
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - E. Granados
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - A. Grant
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - C. Grant
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - D. Gratieri
- Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí, Niterói, RJ 24220-900 Brazil
| | - P. Green
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. Green
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - L. Greenler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Greenwood
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - J. Greer
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | | | - M. Groh
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - K. Grzelak
- University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W. Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - V. Guarino
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - A. Guglielmi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - B. Guo
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | | | | | - P. Guzowski
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - M. M. Guzzo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - S. Gwon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - A. Habig
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | | | - H. Hadavand
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. Haenni
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Haigh
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - J. Haiston
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - T. Hamernik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Hamilton
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Han
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - K. Harder
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - D. A. Harris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | | | - T. Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - R. Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Hazen
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - A. Heavey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Heise
- Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, SD 57754 USA
| | - K. Hennessy
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - S. Henry
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - K. Herner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Hertel
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - A. S. Hesam
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. Hewes
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - A. Higuera
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - T. Hill
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | | | - A. Himmel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Hoff
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Hohl
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A. Holin
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - E. Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | | | - A. Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - B. Howard
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Howell
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - J. Huang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - J. Huang
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - J. Hugon
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - G. Iles
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - N. Ilic
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - A. M. Iliescu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Illingworth
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Ioannisian
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R. Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. Izmaylov
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - E. James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Jargowsky
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - F. Jediny
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | | | - X. Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - L. Jiang
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA
| | - S. Jiménez
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Jipa
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A. Joglekar
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - C. Johnson
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - R. Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - B. Jones
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. Jones
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - C. K. Jung
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - T. Junk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | | | - A. Kaboth
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - I. Kadenko
- Kyiv National University, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - F. Kamiya
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | | | - A. Karcher
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Karolak
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Y. Karyotakis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S. Kasai
- National Institute of Technology, Kure College, Hiroshima, 737-8506 Japan
| | - S. P. Kasetti
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Kashur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - N. Kazaryan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E. Kearns
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - P. Keener
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. J. Kelly
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Kemp
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - W. Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - M. Khabibullin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - A. Khotjantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - D. Kim
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - B. King
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Kirby
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Klein
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Koehler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - S. Kohn
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - M. Kordosky
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - T. Kosc
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - U. Kose
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - I. Kreslo
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Y. Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - S. Kulagin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - J. Kumar
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - R. Kumar
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - C. Kuruppu
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - V. Kus
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Kutter
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - A. Lambert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - K. Lande
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - C. E. Lane
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Lang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | | | - P. Lasorak
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - D. Last
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - C. Lastoria
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Laundrie
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - A. Lawrence
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - I. Lazanu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. LaZur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - T. Le
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - J. Learned
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - P. LeBrun
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - G. Lehmann Miotto
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Lehnert
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - M. Leitner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Leyton
- Institut de Fìsica d’Altes Energies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Li
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - S. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. W. Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - T. Li
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - Y. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Liao
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - C. S. Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Lin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - A. Lister
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - J. Liu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - S. Lockwitz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Loew
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - I. Lomidze
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - K. Long
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - K. Loo
- University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D. Lorca
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - T. Lord
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - W. C. Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - K. B. Luk
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - X. Luo
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - N. Lurkin
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - T. Lux
- Institut de Fìsica d’Altes Energies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. P. Luzio
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - D. MacFarland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. A. Machado
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - P. Machado
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. R. Macier
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Maddalena
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - P. Madigan
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - K. Mahn
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - A. Maio
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - G. Mandrioli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Maneira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L. Manenti
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Manly
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - A. Mann
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | | | | | - A. Marchionni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Marciano
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - D. Marfatia
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | | | - J. Maricic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - F. Marinho
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP 13604-900 Brazil
| | - A. D. Marino
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - M. Marshak
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - C. Marshall
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - J. Marteau
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J. Martin-Albo
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - N. Martinez
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | | | - S. Martynenko
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - K. Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - A. Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - M. Masud
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Matsuno
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - C. Mauger
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - N. Mauri
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - R. Mazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Mazzucato
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E. McCluskey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. McConkey
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | - C. McGrew
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - A. McNab
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Mefodiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - P. Mehta
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - P. Melas
- University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - M. Mellinato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - O. Mena
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Menary
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - H. Mendez
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681 USA
| | - A. Menegolli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Meng
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - W. Metcalf
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. Mewes
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - H. Meyer
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - T. Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Michna
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - T. Miedema
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Migenda
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - R. Milincic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - W. Miller
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - J. Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - C. Milne
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | - O. Mineev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - O. G. Miranda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Miryala
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. S. Mishra
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. R. Mishra
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - A. Mislivec
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - D. Mladenov
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - I. Mocioiu
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - K. Moffat
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - N. Moggi
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Mohanta
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - T. A. Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Mokhov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Molina
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - A. Montanari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - C. Montanari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - D. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. M. Montano Zetina
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J. Moon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - A. Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - D. Moreno
- Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - B. Morgan
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - C. Morris
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Mossey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Motuk
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - C. A. Moura
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - J. Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - W. Mu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Mueller
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Muether
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - S. Mufson
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - F. Muheim
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - A. Muir
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - M. Mulhearn
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - H. Muramatsu
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | | | - J. Musser
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - S. Nagu
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - M. Nalbandyan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R. Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - D. Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Narita
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - D. Navas-Nicolás
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Nayak
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - L. Necib
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - K. Negishi
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | | | - J. Nesbit
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Nessi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Newbold
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Newcomer
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - D. Newhart
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Nichol
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - E. Niner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Norrick
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Northrop
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - P. Novella
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - M. Oberling
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - A. Olivier
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Y. Onel
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | | | - J. Ott
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - L. Pagani
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - S. Pakvasa
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - O. Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Palestini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. M. Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Pallavicini
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - C. Palomares
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Pantic
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - V. Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - R. Papaleo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - A. Papanestis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - J. C. Park
- Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
| | - S. Parke
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Z. Parsa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Parvu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - L. Pasqualini
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Pasternak
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Pater
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - C. Patrick
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - L. Patrizii
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - S. J. Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. Patzak
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - A. Paudel
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - B. Paulos
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - L. Paulucci
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - Z. Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Pawloski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - D. Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - V. Pec
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | | | - Y. Penichot
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E. Pennacchio
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. Penzo
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - O. L. G. Peres
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - J. Perry
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | | | - G. Pessina
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Petrillo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Petta
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Petti
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - F. Piastra
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - L. Pickering
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Pietropaolo
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - J. Pillow
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - J. Pinzino
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - R. Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Poling
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - X. Pons
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Pordes
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Potekhin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - R. Potenza
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J. Pozimski
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Pozzato
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - S. Prakash
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - T. Prakash
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - G. Prior
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D. Pugnere
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - K. Qi
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - X. Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. L. Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Raboanary
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - V. Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - A. Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - E. Raguzin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Rai
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - I. Rakhno
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | | | - R. Rameika
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - B. Ramson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Rappoldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Raselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - P. Ratoff
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - S. Ravat
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - H. Razafinime
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - J. S. Real
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B. Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - D. Redondo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - T. Rehak
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - J. Reichenbacher
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - S. D. Reitzner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Renshaw
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - S. Rescia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - F. Resnati
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - G. Riccobene
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - K. Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | | | - D. Rivera
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - L. Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Roda
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | | | | | | | | | - H. Rogers
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | - M. Rossella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - J. Rout
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - S. Roy
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | | | - C. Rubbia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - B. Russell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Russell
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - R. Saakyan
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Sacerdoti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - T. Safford
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - N. Sahu
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - P. Sala
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - N. Samios
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - D. Sankey
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - S. Santana
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681 USA
| | | | | | - P. Sapienza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - C. Sarasty
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | | | - G. Savage
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Savinov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - A. Scaramelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Scarff
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - A. Scarpelli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Schaffer
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - H. Schellman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - P. Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | | | - A. Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Segreto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - J. Sensenig
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - I. Seong
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - A. Sergi
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | | | - S. Shafaq
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - M. Shamma
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | | | - R. Sharma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Shaw
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - S. Shin
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonrabuk-do 54896 South Korea
| | - D. Shooltz
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - R. Shrock
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - L. Simard
- Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, 91440 Orsay, France
| | - N. Simos
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - G. Sinev
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - V. Singh
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - R. Sipos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - G. Sirri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Sitraka
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - K. Siyeon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | | | - A. Smith
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - A. Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - E. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - P. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Smolik
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M. Smy
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - P. Snopok
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - M. Soares Nunes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - H. Sobel
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | | | | | - N. Solomey
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - V. Solovov
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - W. E. Sondheim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - M. Sorel
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - J. Soto-Oton
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Sousa
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - K. Soustruznik
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - M. Spanu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | | | - R. Staley
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - M. Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Stanco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - H. M. Steiner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Stewart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - J. Stock
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - F. Stocker
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Stocks
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - T. Stokes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. Strait
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - T. Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Striganov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Stuart
- Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - D. Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - A. Surdo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Susic
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L. Suter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. M. Sutera
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Svoboda
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - B. Szczerbinska
- Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA
| | - A. M. Szelc
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - R. Talaga
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - H. A. Tanaka
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - A. Tapper
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - S. Tariq
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Tatar
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | - R. Tayloe
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - A. M. Teklu
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - M. Tenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - K. Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. A. Ternes
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Terranova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Testera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - A. Thea
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - C. Thorn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. C. Timm
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Todd
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - A. Tonazzo
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - M. Torti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Tortola
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Tortorici
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - D. Totani
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Trevor
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - Y.-T. Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - K. V. Tsang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - N. Tsverava
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - S. Tufanli
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - E. Tyley
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - M. Tzanov
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | | | - J. Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - T. Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. R. Vagins
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - P. Vahle
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - G. A. Valdiviesso
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, MG 37715-400 Brazil
| | - E. Valencia
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - Z. Vallari
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. W. F. Valle
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Vallecorsa
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Van Berg
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | | | - F. Varanini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - D. Vargas
- Institut de Fìsica d’Altes Energies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Vasel
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - G. Vasseur
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - K. Vaziri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Ventura
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - A. Verdugo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Vergani
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - M. A. Vermeulen
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Verzocchi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - C. Vignoli
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - C. Vilela
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - B. Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Vrba
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Wachala
- H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - A. V. Waldron
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Wallbank
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - H. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J. Wang
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - D. Warner
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Wascko
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - D. Waters
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - A. Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | - A. Weber
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Weber
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - H. Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - D. Wenman
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - M. R. While
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - A. White
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | | | | | - M. J. Wilking
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - Z. Williams
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - F. Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - R. J. Wilson
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | | | - K. Wood
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - L. Wood
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - E. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. Wret
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - W. Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Wu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Xiao
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - G. Yang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - T. Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Yershov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - K. Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Young
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - B. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. Yu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. Zaki
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - J. Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - L. Zambelli
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - B. Zamorano
- University of Granada and CAFPE, 18002 Granada, Spain
| | - A. Zani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - L. Zazueta
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - G. P. Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Zeug
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - C. Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Y. Zhao
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - E. Zhivun
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - G. Zhu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | | | - M. Zito
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S. Zucchelli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Zuklin
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - V. Zutshi
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - R. Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
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4
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Acero M, Adamson P, Aliaga L, Alion T, Allakhverdian V, Anfimov N, Antoshkin A, Asquith L, Aurisano A, Back A, Backhouse C, Baird M, Balashov N, Baldi P, Bambah B, Bashar S, Bays K, Bending S, Bernstein R, Bhatnagar V, Bhuyan B, Bian J, Blair J, Booth A, Bour P, Bromberg C, Buchanan N, Butkevich A, Calvez S, Carroll T, Catano-Mur E, Childress S, Choudhary B, Coan T, Colo M, Corwin L, Cremonesi L, Davies G, Derwent P, Dharmapalan R, Ding P, Djurcic Z, Doyle D, Dukes E, Dung P, Duyang H, Edayath S, Ehrlich R, Feldman G, Filip P, Flanagan W, Frank M, Gallagher H, Gandrajula R, Gao F, Germani S, Giri A, Gomes R, Goodman M, Grichine V, Groh M, Group R, Guo B, Habig A, Hakl F, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Heller K, Hewes J, Himmel A, Holin A, Huang J, Hylen J, Jediny F, Johnson C, Judah M, Kakorin I, Kalra D, Kaplan D, Keloth R, Klimov O, Koerner L, Kolupaeva L, Kotelnikov S, Kullenberg C, Kumar A, Kuruppu C, Kus V, Lackey T, Lang K, Li L, Lin S, Lokajicek M, Luchuk S, Magill S, Mann W, Marshak M, Martinez-Casales M, Matveev V, Mayes B, Méndez D, Messier M, Meyer H, Miao T, Miller W, Mishra S, Mislivec A, Mohanta R, Moren A, Mualem L, Muether M, Mufson S, Mulder K, Murphy R, Musser J, Naples D, Nayak N, Nelson J, Nichol R, Niner E, Norman A, Norrick A, Nosek T, Olshevskiy A, Olson T, Paley J, Patterson R, Pawloski G, Petrova O, Petti R, Plunkett R, Rafique A, Psihas F, Raj V, Rebel B, Rojas P, Ryabov V, Samoylov O, Sanchez M, Sánchez Falero S, Shanahan P, Sheshukov A, Singh P, Singh V, Smith E, Smolik J, Snopok P, Solomey N, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Strait M, Suter L, Sutton A, Talaga R, Tapia Oregui B, Tas P, Thayyullathil R, Thomas J, Tiras E, Torbunov D, Tripathi J, Torun Y, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vasel J, Vokac P, Vrba T, Wallbank M, Warburton T, Wetstein M, Whittington D, Wojcicki S, Wolcott J, Yallappa Dombara A, Yonehara K, Yu S, Yu Y, Zadorozhnyy S, Zalesak J, Zhang Y, Zwaska R. Search for multimessenger signals in NOvA coincident with LIGO/Virgo detections. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.112006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Acero MA, Adamson P, Aliaga L, Alion T, Allakhverdian V, Altakarli S, Anfimov N, Antoshkin A, Aurisano A, Back A, Backhouse C, Baird M, Balashov N, Baldi P, Bambah BA, Bashar S, Bays K, Bending S, Bernstein R, Bhatnagar V, Bhuyan B, Bian J, Blackburn T, Blair J, Booth AC, Bour P, Bromberg C, Buchanan N, Butkevich A, Calvez S, Campbell M, Carroll TJ, Catano-Mur E, Cedeno A, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Chowdhury B, Coan TE, Colo M, Cooper J, Corwin L, Cremonesi L, Davies GS, Derwent PF, Ding P, Djurcic Z, Doyle D, Dukes EC, Duyang H, Edayath S, Ehrlich R, Elkins M, Feldman GJ, Filip P, Flanagan W, Frank MJ, Gallagher HR, Gandrajula R, Gao F, Germani S, Giri A, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Grichine V, Groh M, Group R, Guo B, Habig A, Hakl F, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Hatzikoutelis A, Heller K, Hewes J, Himmel A, Holin A, Howard B, Huang J, Hylen J, Jediny F, Johnson C, Judah M, Kakorin I, Kalra D, Kaplan DM, Keloth R, Klimov O, Koerner LW, Kolupaeva L, Kotelnikov S, Kourbanis I, Kreymer A, Kulenberg C, Kumar A, Kuruppu CD, Kus V, Lackey T, Lang K, Lin S, Lokajicek M, Lozier J, Luchuk S, Maan K, Magill S, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Martinez-Casales M, Matveev V, Méndez DP, Messier MD, Meyer H, Miao T, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Mohanta R, Moren A, Mualem L, Muether M, Mufson S, Mulder K, Murphy R, Musser J, Naples D, Nayak N, Nelson JK, Nichol R, Nikseresht G, Niner E, Norman A, Nosek T, Olshevskiy A, Olson T, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Pershey D, Petrova O, Petti R, Phan DD, Plunkett RK, Potukuchi B, Principato C, Psihas F, Radovic A, Raj V, Rameika RA, Rebel B, Rojas P, Ryabov V, Samoylov O, Sanchez MC, Sánchez Falero S, Seong IS, Shanahan P, Sheshukov A, Singh P, Singh V, Smith E, Smolik J, Snopok P, Solomey N, Song E, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Strait M, Suter L, Sutton A, Talaga RL, Tapia Oregui B, Tas P, Thayyullathil RB, Thomas J, Tiras E, Torbunov D, Tripathi J, Tsaris A, Torun Y, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vasel J, Vinton L, Vokac P, Vrba T, Wallbank M, Wang B, Warburton TK, Wetstein M, While M, Whittington D, Wojcicki SG, Wolcott J, Yadav N, Yallappa Dombara A, Yonehara K, Yu S, Zadorozhnyy S, Zalesak J, Zamorano B, Zwaska R. First measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters using neutrinos and antineutrinos by NOvA. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:151803. [PMID: 31702305 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.151803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The NOvA experiment has seen a 4.4σ signal of ν[over ¯]_{e} appearance in a 2 GeV ν[over ¯]_{μ} beam at a distance of 810 km. Using 12.33×10^{20} protons on target delivered to the Fermilab NuMI neutrino beamline, the experiment recorded 27 ν[over ¯]_{μ}→ν[over ¯]_{e} candidates with a background of 10.3 and 102 ν[over ¯]_{μ}→ν[over ¯]_{μ} candidates. This new antineutrino data are combined with neutrino data to measure the parameters |Δm_{32}^{2}|=2.48_{-0.06}^{+0.11}×10^{-3} eV^{2}/c^{4} and sin^{2}θ_{23} in the ranges from (0.53-0.60) and (0.45-0.48) in the normal neutrino mass hierarchy. The data exclude most values near δ_{CP}=π/2 for the inverted mass hierarchy by more than 3σ and favor the normal neutrino mass hierarchy by 1.9σ and θ_{23} values in the upper octant by 1.6σ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Acero
- Universidad del Atlantico, Km. 7 antigua via a Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - P Adamson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Aliaga
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Alion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - V Allakhverdian
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - S Altakarli
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - N Anfimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - A Antoshkin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - A Aurisano
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Back
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - C Backhouse
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - M Baird
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - N Balashov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - P Baldi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B A Bambah
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - S Bashar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K Bays
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - S Bending
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R Bernstein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Bhatnagar
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - B Bhuyan
- Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - J Bian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - T Blackburn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - J Blair
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - A C Booth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - P Bour
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - C Bromberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Buchanan
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - A Butkevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - S Calvez
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - M Campbell
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T J Carroll
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - E Catano-Mur
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - A Cedeno
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - S Childress
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B C Choudhary
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - B Chowdhury
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - T E Coan
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M Colo
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J Cooper
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Corwin
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - L Cremonesi
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - G S Davies
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P F Derwent
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Z Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Doyle
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - E C Dukes
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - H Duyang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - S Edayath
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - R Ehrlich
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - M Elkins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - G J Feldman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Filip
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - W Flanagan
- University of Dallas, 1845 E Northgate Drive, Irving, Texas 75062 USA
| | - M J Frank
- Department of Physics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - H R Gallagher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - R Gandrajula
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - F Gao
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - S Germani
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Giri
- Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502 205, India
| | - R A Gomes
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - M C Goodman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Grichine
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Groh
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Group
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - B Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Habig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - F Hakl
- Institute of Computer Science, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 07 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Hartnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Hatzikoutelis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K Heller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Hewes
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Himmel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Holin
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - B Howard
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J Hylen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - F Jediny
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - C Johnson
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - M Judah
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - I Kakorin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - D Kalra
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - D M Kaplan
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - R Keloth
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - O Klimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - L W Koerner
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - L Kolupaeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - S Kotelnikov
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - I Kourbanis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Kreymer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Ch Kulenberg
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - C D Kuruppu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - V Kus
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T Lackey
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - K Lang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - S Lin
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - M Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Lozier
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Luchuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - K Maan
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - S Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - W A Mann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M L Marshak
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Martinez-Casales
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - V Matveev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - D P Méndez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - M D Messier
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - H Meyer
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - T Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W H Miller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S R Mishra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Mislivec
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Mohanta
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - A Moren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - L Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Muether
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - S Mufson
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - K Mulder
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R Murphy
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Musser
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - D Naples
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - N Nayak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J K Nelson
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - R Nichol
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - G Nikseresht
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - E Niner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague 116 36, Czech Republic
| | - A Olshevskiy
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - T Olson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R B Patterson
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Pawloski
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Pershey
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - O Petrova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - R Petti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D D Phan
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - R K Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Potukuchi
- Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi 180 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - C Principato
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - F Psihas
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A Radovic
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - V Raj
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R A Rameika
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Rojas
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - V Ryabov
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - O Samoylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - M C Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Sánchez Falero
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - I S Seong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - P Shanahan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sheshukov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - P Singh
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - V Singh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - E Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Smolik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - P Snopok
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - N Solomey
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - E Song
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - A Sousa
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - K Soustruznik
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague 116 36, Czech Republic
| | - M Strait
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - L Suter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sutton
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - R L Talaga
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B Tapia Oregui
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - P Tas
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague 116 36, Czech Republic
| | - R B Thayyullathil
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - J Thomas
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Tiras
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - D Torbunov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Tripathi
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - A Tsaris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Torun
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Vahle
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J Vasel
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - L Vinton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - P Vokac
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T Vrba
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M Wallbank
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - T K Warburton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - M Wetstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - M While
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - D Whittington
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - S G Wojcicki
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Wolcott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - N Yadav
- Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - A Yallappa Dombara
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - K Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Yu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - S Zadorozhnyy
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - J Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B Zamorano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Adams C, Alrashed M, An R, Anthony J, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Auger M, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barnes C, Barr G, Bass M, Bay F, Bhat A, Bhattacharya K, Bishai M, Blake A, Bolton T, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Carr R, Castillo Fernandez R, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen H, Chen Y, Church E, Cianci D, Cohen E, Collin G, Conrad J, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón J, Del Tutto M, Devitt D, Diaz A, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Escudero Sanchez L, Esquivel J, Evans J, Fadeeva A, Fitzpatrick R, Fleming B, Franco D, Furmanski A, Garcia-Gamez D, Genty V, Goeldi D, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Greenlee H, Grosso R, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hackenburg A, Hamilton P, Hen O, Hewes J, Hill C, Horton-Smith G, Hourlier A, Huang EC, James C, Jan de Vries J, Ji X, Jiang L, Johnson R, Joshi J, Jostlein H, Jwa YJ, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby B, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, Lepetic I, Li Y, Lister A, Littlejohn B, Lockwitz S, Lorca D, Louis W, Luethi M, Lundberg B, Luo X, Marchionni A, Marcocci S, Mariani C, Marshall J, Martin-Albo J, Martinez Caicedo D, Mastbaum A, Meddage V, Mettler T, Mistry K, Mogan A, Moon J, Mooney M, Moore C, Mousseau J, Murphy M, Murrells R, Naples D, Nienaber P, Nowak J, Palamara O, Pandey V, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Pate S, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Porzio D, Pulliam G, Qian X, Raaf J, Rafique A, Ren L, Rochester L, Ross-Lonergan M, Rudolf von Rohr C, Russell B, Scanavini G, Schmitz D, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz M, Sharankova R, Sinclair J, Smith A, Snider E, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti S, Spentzouris P, Spitz J, John JS, Strauss T, Sutton K, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc A, Tagg N, Tang W, Terao K, Thomson M, Thornton R, Toups M, Tsai YT, Tufanli S, Usher T, Van De Pontseele W, Van de Water R, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, Wickremasinghe D, Wierman K, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Woodruff K, Yang T, Yarbrough G, Yates L, Zeller G, Zennamo J, Zhang C. First measurement of
νμ
charged-current
π0
production on argon with the MicroBooNE detector. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Acciarri R, Adams C, An R, Anthony J, Asaadi J, Auger M, Bagby L, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barnes C, Barr G, Bass M, Bay F, Bishai M, Blake A, Bolton T, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Carls B, Castillo Fernandez R, Cavanna F, Chen H, Church E, Cianci D, Cohen E, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Convery M, Crespo-Anadón JI, Del Tutto M, Devitt A, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Escudero Sanchez L, Esquivel J, Fadeeva AA, Fleming BT, Foreman W, Furmanski AP, Garcia-Gamez D, Garvey GT, Genty V, Goeldi D, Gollapinni S, Graf N, Gramellini E, Greenlee H, Grosso R, Guenette R, Hackenburg A, Hamilton P, Hen O, Hewes J, Hill C, Ho J, Horton-Smith G, Hourlier A, Huang EC, James C, Jan de Vries J, Jen CM, Jiang L, Johnson RA, Joshi J, Jostlein H, Kaleko D, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby B, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, Laube A, Li Y, Lister A, Littlejohn BR, Lockwitz S, Lorca D, Louis WC, Luethi M, Lundberg B, Luo X, Marchionni A, Mariani C, Marshall J, Martinez Caicedo DA, Meddage V, Miceli T, Mills GB, Moon J, Mooney M, Moore CD, Mousseau J, Murrells R, Naples D, Nienaber P, Nowak J, Palamara O, Paolone V, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Porzio D, Pulliam G, Qian X, Raaf JL, Rafique A, Rochester L, Rudolf von Rohr C, Russell B, Schmitz DW, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz MH, Sinclair J, Smith A, Snider EL, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti SR, Spentzouris P, Spitz J, St. John J, Strauss T, Szelc AM, Tagg N, Terao K, Thomson M, Toups M, Tsai YT, Tufanli S, Usher T, Van De Pontseele W, Van de Water RG, Viren B, Weber M, Wickremasinghe DA, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Woodruff K, Yang T, Yates L, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zhang C. The Pandora multi-algorithm approach to automated pattern recognition of cosmic-ray muon and neutrino events in the MicroBooNE detector. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2018; 78:82. [PMID: 31258394 PMCID: PMC6566216 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development and operation of liquid-argon time-projection chambers for neutrino physics has created a need for new approaches to pattern recognition in order to fully exploit the imaging capabilities offered by this technology. Whereas the human brain can excel at identifying features in the recorded events, it is a significant challenge to develop an automated, algorithmic solution. The Pandora Software Development Kit provides functionality to aid the design and implementation of pattern-recognition algorithms. It promotes the use of a multi-algorithm approach to pattern recognition, in which individual algorithms each address a specific task in a particular topology. Many tens of algorithms then carefully build up a picture of the event and, together, provide a robust automated pattern-recognition solution. This paper describes details of the chain of over one hundred Pandora algorithms and tools used to reconstruct cosmic-ray muon and neutrino events in the MicroBooNE detector. Metrics that assess the current pattern-recognition performance are presented for simulated MicroBooNE events, using a selection of final-state event topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Adams
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - R. An
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - J. Anthony
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - J. Asaadi
- University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - M. Auger
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - L. Bagby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - B. Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - M. Bass
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - F. Bay
- TUBITAK Space Technologies Research Institute, METU Campus, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - M. Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW UK
| | - T. Bolton
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | | | | | - B. Carls
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - F. Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - H. Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - E. Church
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - D. Cianci
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - E. Cohen
- Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G. H. Collin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - J. M. Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | | | - A. Devitt
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW UK
| | - S. Dytman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - B. Eberly
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - W. Foreman
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | | | | | - G. T. Garvey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - V. Genty
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - D. Goeldi
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - S. Gollapinni
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - N. Graf
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - H. Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Grosso
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - R. Guenette
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | | | | | - O. Hen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - J. Hewes
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - C. Hill
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Ho
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | | | - A. Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - E.-C. Huang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - C. James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - C.-M. Jen
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - L. Jiang
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - J. Joshi
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Jostlein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Kaleko
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - G. Karagiorgi
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - W. Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Kirby
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - I. Kreslo
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Laube
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - Y. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Lister
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW UK
| | | | - S. Lockwitz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Lorca
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. C. Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - M. Luethi
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - B. Lundberg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - X. Luo
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - A. Marchionni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Mariani
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - J. Marshall
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | | | - V. Meddage
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - T. Miceli
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
| | - G. B. Mills
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - J. Moon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Mooney
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. D. Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - R. Murrells
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - D. Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - P. Nienaber
- Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota, Winona, MN 55987 USA
| | - J. Nowak
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW UK
| | - O. Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - S. F. Pate
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
| | - Z. Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - D. Porzio
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - G. Pulliam
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - X. Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. L. Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Rafique
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - L. Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - B. Russell
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | | | - A. Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | | | - A. Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - E. L. Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | | | - P. Spentzouris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - J. St. John
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - T. Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. M. Szelc
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - N. Tagg
- Otterbein University, Westerville, OH 43081 USA
| | - K. Terao
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Thomson
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - M. Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y.-T. Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Tufanli
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - T. Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | | | - B. Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Weber
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Wongjirad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - K. Woodruff
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
| | - T. Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Yates
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - G. P. Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Zennamo
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - C. Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
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Vohra RS, Pasquali S, Kirkham AJ, Marriott P, Johnstone M, Spreadborough P, Alderson D, Griffiths EA, Fenwick S, Elmasry M, Nunes Q, Kennedy D, Basit Khan R, Khan MAS, Magee CJ, Jones SM, Mason D, Parappally CP, Mathur P, Saunders M, Jamel S, Ul Haque S, Zafar S, Shiwani MH, Samuel N, Dar F, Jackson A, Lovett B, Dindyal S, Winter H, Fletcher T, Rahman S, Wheatley K, Nieto T, Ayaani S, Youssef H, Nijjar RS, Watkin H, Naumann D, Emeshi S, Sarmah PB, Lee K, Joji N, Heath J, Teasdale RL, Weerasinghe C, Needham PJ, Welbourn H, Forster L, Finch D, Blazeby JM, Robb W, McNair AGK, Hrycaiczuk A, Charalabopoulos A, Kadirkamanathan S, Tang CB, Jayanthi NVG, Noor N, Dobbins B, Cockbain AJ, Nilsen-Nunn A, Siqueira J, Pellen M, Cowley JB, Ho WM, Miu V, White TJ, Hodgkins KA, Kinghorn A, Tutton MG, Al-Abed YA, Menzies D, Ahmad A, Reed J, Khan S, Monk D, Vitone LJ, Murtaza G, Joel A, Brennan S, Shier D, Zhang C, Yoganathan T, Robinson SJ, McCallum IJD, Jones MJ, Elsayed M, Tuck L, Wayman J, Carney K, Aroori S, Hosie KB, Kimble A, Bunting DM, Fawole AS, Basheer M, Dave RV, Sarveswaran J, Jones E, Kendal C, Tilston MP, Gough M, Wallace T, Singh S, Downing J, Mockford KA, Issa E, Shah N, Chauhan N, Wilson TR, Forouzanfar A, Wild JRL, Nofal E, Bunnell C, Madbak K, Rao STV, Devoto L, Siddiqi N, Khawaja Z, Hewes JC, Gould L, Chambers A, Urriza Rodriguez D, Sen G, Robinson S, Carney K, Bartlett F, Rae DM, Stevenson TEJ, Sarvananthan K, Dwerryhouse SJ, Higgs SM, Old OJ, Hardy TJ, Shah R, Hornby ST, Keogh K, Frank L, Al-Akash M, Upchurch EA, Frame RJ, Hughes M, Jelley C, Weaver S, Roy S, Sillo TO, Galanopoulos G, Cuming T, Cunha P, Tayeh S, Kaptanis S, Heshaishi M, Eisawi A, Abayomi M, Ngu WS, Fleming K, Singh Bajwa D, Chitre V, Aryal K, Ferris P, Silva M, Lammy S, Mohamed S, Khawaja A, Hussain A, Ghazanfar MA, Bellini MI, Ebdewi H, Elshaer M, Gravante G, Drake B, Ogedegbe A, Mukherjee D, Arhi C, Giwa Nusrat Iqbal L, Watson NF, Kumar Aggarwal S, Orchard P, Villatoro E, Willson PD, Wa K, Mok 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S, Sinha S, Khan S, El-Hasani SS, Hussain AA, Bhattacharya V, Kansal N, Fasih T, Jackson C, Siddiqui MN, Chishti IA, Fordham IJ, Siddiqui Z, Bausbacher H, Geogloma I, Gurung K, Tsavellas G, Basynat P, Kiran Shrestha A, Basu S, Chhabra Mohan Harilingam A, Rabie M, Akhtar M, Kumar P, Jafferbhoy SF, Hussain N, Raza S, Haque M, Alam I, Aseem R, Patel S, Asad M, Booth MI, Ball WR, Wood CPJ, Pinho-Gomes AC, Kausar A, Rami Obeidallah M, Varghase J, Lodhia J, Bradley D, Rengifo C, Lindsay D, Gopalswamy S, Finlay I, Wardle S, Bullen N, Iftikhar SY, Awan A, Ahmed J, Leeder P, Fusai G, Bond-Smith G, Psica A, Puri Y, Hou D, Noble F, Szentpali K, Broadhurst J, Date R, Hossack MR, Li Goh Y, Turner P, Shetty V, Riera M, Macano CAW, Sukha A, Preston SR, Hoban JR, Puntis DJ, Williams SV, Krysztopik R, Kynaston J, Batt J, Doe M, Goscimski A, Jones GH, Smith SR, Hall C, Carty N, Ahmed J, Panteleimonitis S, Gunasekera RT, Sheel ARG, Lennon H, Hindley C, Reddy M, Kenny R, Elkheir N, McGlone ER, 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Shahin Y, Ali A, Luther A, Nicholson JA, Rajendran I, Boal M, Ritchie J. Population-based cohort study of variation in the use of emergency cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases. Br J Surg 2016; 103:1716-1726. [PMID: 27748962 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aims of this prospective population-based cohort study were to identify the patient and hospital characteristics associated with emergency cholecystectomy, and the influences of these in determining variations between hospitals.
Methods
Data were collected for consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy in acute UK and Irish hospitals between 1 March and 1 May 2014. Potential explanatory variables influencing the performance of emergency cholecystectomy were analysed by means of multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling using a two-level hierarchical structure with patients (level 1) nested within hospitals (level 2).
Results
Data were collected on 4744 cholecystectomies from 165 hospitals. Increasing age, lower ASA fitness grade, biliary colic, the need for further imaging (magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), endoscopic interventions (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) and admission to a non-biliary centre significantly reduced the likelihood of an emergency cholecystectomy being performed. The multilevel model was used to calculate the probability of receiving an emergency cholecystectomy for a woman aged 40 years or over with an ASA grade of I or II and a BMI of at least 25·0 kg/m2, who presented with acute cholecystitis with an ultrasound scan showing a thick-walled gallbladder and a normal common bile duct. The mean predicted probability of receiving an emergency cholecystectomy was 0·52 (95 per cent c.i. 0·45 to 0·57). The predicted probabilities ranged from 0·02 to 0·95 across the 165 hospitals, demonstrating significant variation between hospitals.
Conclusion
Patients with similar characteristics presenting to different hospitals with acute gallbladder pathology do not receive comparable care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R S Vohra
- Trent Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Pasquali
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - A J Kirkham
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Marriott
- West Midlands Research Collaborative, Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Johnstone
- West Midlands Research Collaborative, Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Spreadborough
- West Midlands Research Collaborative, Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Alderson
- Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - E A Griffiths
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Fenwick
- Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Elmasry
- Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Q Nunes
- Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Kennedy
- Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - D Mason
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital
| | | | | | | | - S Jamel
- Barnet and Chase Farm Hospital
| | | | - S Zafar
- Barnet and Chase Farm Hospital
| | | | - N Samuel
- Barnsley District General Hospital
| | - F Dar
- Barnsley District General Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Wheatley
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - T Nieto
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - S Ayaani
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - H Youssef
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | | | - H Watkin
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | - D Naumann
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | - S Emeshi
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | | | - K Lee
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | - N Joji
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | - J Heath
- Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - R L Teasdale
- Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - P J Needham
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - H Welbourn
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - L Forster
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Finch
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - W Robb
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - B Dobbins
- Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | - M Pellen
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust
| | | | - W-M Ho
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust
| | - V Miu
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust
| | - T J White
- Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K A Hodgkins
- Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Kinghorn
- Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M G Tutton
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Y A Al-Abed
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Menzies
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Ahmad
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Reed
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Khan
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Monk
- Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - L J Vitone
- Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - G Murtaza
- Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Joel
- Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - D Shier
- Croydon Health Services NHS Trust
| | - C Zhang
- Croydon Health Services NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | - M J Jones
- North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust
| | - M Elsayed
- North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust
| | - L Tuck
- North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust
| | - J Wayman
- North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust
| | - K Carney
- North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M P Tilston
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Gough
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - T Wallace
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Singh
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Downing
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K A Mockford
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - E Issa
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N Shah
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N Chauhan
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust
| | - T R Wilson
- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D M Rae
- Frimley Park Hospital NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - O J Old
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | - R Shah
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | - K Keogh
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - L Frank
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - M Al-Akash
- Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - R J Frame
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Hughes
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust
| | - C Jelley
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - T Cuming
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Trust
| | - P Cunha
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Trust
| | - S Tayeh
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Trust
| | | | | | - A Eisawi
- Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - W S Ngu
- Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - V Chitre
- Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Aryal
- Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Ferris
- Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - H Ebdewi
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Elshaer
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - G Gravante
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - B Drake
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Ogedegbe
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - D Mukherjee
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - C Arhi
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Wa
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Mok
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - T Woodman
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Deguara
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - G Garcea
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | - B I Babu
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | | | - D Malde
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | - D Lloyd
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | | | - O Al-Taan
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | - A Boddy
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | - J P Slavin
- Leighton Hospital, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - R P Jones
- Leighton Hospital, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - L Ballance
- Leighton Hospital, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Gerakopoulos
- Leighton Hospital, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Jambulingam
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Mansour
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N Sakai
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - V Acharya
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M M Sadat
- Macclesfield District General Hospital
| | - L Karim
- Macclesfield District General Hospital
| | - D Larkin
- Macclesfield District General Hospital
| | - K Amin
- Macclesfield District General Hospital
| | - A Khan
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Law
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Jamdar
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S R Smith
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Sampat
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - M Manu
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | - N S Malik
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - J Chang
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | - M Lewis
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - G P Roberts
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - B Karavadra
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - E Photi
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Hornsby
- North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - K Seymour
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Robinson
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - H Hawkins
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Bawa
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - A Reid
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Wood
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J G Finch
- Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust
| | - J Parmar
- Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust
| | | | | | - A Al-Muhktar
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Peterson
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Majeed
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - A Choy
- Peterborough City Hospital
| | | | - N Pore
- United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | | | - C Taylor
- United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S Tate
- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | | | - V Vijay
- The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust
| | | | - S Sinha
- The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust
| | - S Khan
- The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust
| | | | - A A Hussain
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - N Kansal
- Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust
| | - T Fasih
- Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust
| | - C Jackson
- Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Gurung
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital NHS Trust
| | - G Tsavellas
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Basynat
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - S Basu
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - M Rabie
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Akhtar
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Kumar
- Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - N Hussain
- Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Raza
- Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Haque
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - I Alam
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - R Aseem
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - S Patel
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - M Asad
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - M I Booth
- Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
| | - W R Ball
- Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - J Varghase
- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Lodhia
- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Bradley
- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - C Rengifo
- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Lindsay
- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Awan
- Royal Derby NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Ahmed
- Royal Derby NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Leeder
- Royal Derby NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - D Hou
- Hampshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - F Noble
- Hampshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - R Date
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M R Hossack
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Y Li Goh
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Turner
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - V Shetty
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | - S R Preston
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J R Hoban
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D J Puntis
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S V Williams
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - J Batt
- Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust
| | - M Doe
- Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | - C Hall
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N Carty
- Salisbury Hospital Foundation Trust
| | - J Ahmed
- Salisbury Hospital Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | - H Lennon
- Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust
| | - C Hindley
- Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust
| | - M Reddy
- St George's Healthcare NHS Trust
| | - R Kenny
- St George's Healthcare NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | - K Hancorn
- St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - A Hargreaves
- St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
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- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
| | | | - G Yeldham
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
| | - E Read
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - M A Khan
- Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust
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- Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust
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- City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust
| | - V Kanakala
- City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust
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- Tunbridge Wells and Maidstone NHS Trust
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- Tunbridge Wells and Maidstone NHS Trust
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- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
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- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
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- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
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- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
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- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
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- University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
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- University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
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- University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
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- University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust
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- University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust
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- University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust
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- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
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- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
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- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
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- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
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- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
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- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Newton
- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
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- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
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- Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Trust
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- Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Trust
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- Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Trust
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- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust
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- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust
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- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
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- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
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- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
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- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
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- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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- Yeovil District Hospital NHS Trust
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- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M B Peter
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
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- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
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- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - J M Clements
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
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- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - W M Chan
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
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- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
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- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
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- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
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- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
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- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
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- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
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- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - B McAree
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
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- University Hospital Limerick
| | | | - A D K Hill
- Louth County Hospital and Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
| | - E Khogali
- Louth County Hospital and Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
| | - W Shabo
- Louth County Hospital and Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
| | - E Iskandar
- Louth County Hospital and Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
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- St Luke's General Hospital Kilkenny
| | - M Lee
- St Luke's General Hospital Kilkenny
| | - D C Winter
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - M E Kelly
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - E Hoti
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - D Maguire
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - P Karunakaran
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - J G Geoghegan
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - S T Martin
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - F McDermott
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
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- Crosshouse Hospital, Ayrshire and Arran
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- Crosshouse Hospital, Ayrshire and Arran
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- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | - D Duke
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | - T Ahmed
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | - W D Beasley
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
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- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | - C Malcolm
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
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- Morriston and Singleton Hospitals
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- Princess of Wales Hospital
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Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (http://www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
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Lane CS, Nisar S, Griffiths WJ, Fuller BJ, Davidson BR, Hewes J, Welham KJ, Patterson LH. Identification of cytochrome P450 enzymes in human colorectal metastases and the surrounding liver: a proteomic approach. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40:2127-34. [PMID: 15341988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Revised: 04/23/2004] [Accepted: 04/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe the direct identification of multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in healthy and cancerous tissue. CYPs in human liver colorectal metastases were compared with those in the surrounding liver using a mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach. Nano-scale reversed phase liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry has been used to identify CYPs with no pre-selection of the proteins anticipated. Fourteen distinct CYP enzymes from the subfamilies 1A, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 3A, 4A, 4F, 8B and 27A were positively identified; 13 in the liver samples and 12 in the tumour tissue. It was found that three of the colorectal metastases expressed essentially the same drug-metabolising pattern of CYPs as the surrounding liver, whilst three tumour samples from different individuals showed no CYP expression. This was likely in at least one case to be due to low sample mass. The CYP expression profile in an individual tumour is likely to be an important determinant in predicting the outcome of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Lane
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX, UK
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