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Jones RK, Jerman J. Population Group Abortion Rates and Lifetime Incidence of Abortion: United States, 2008-2014. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:1284-1296. [PMID: 35969818 PMCID: PMC9382183 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2017.304042r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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McCoull D, Veale EL, Walsh Y, Byrom L, Avkiran T, Large JM, Vaitone E, Gaffey F, Jerman J, Mathie A, Wright PD. Aprepitant is a novel, selective activator of the K2P channel TRAAK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 588:41-46. [PMID: 34942533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
TRAAK (KCNK4, K2P4.1) is a mechanosensitive two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channel. Due to its expression within sensory neurons and genetic link to neuropathic pain it represents a promising potential target for novel analgesics. In common with many other channels in the wider K2P sub-family, there remains a paucity of small molecule pharmacological tools. Specifically, there is a lack of molecules selective for TRAAK over the other members of the TREK subfamily of K2P channels. We developed a thallium flux assay to allow high throughput screening of compounds and facilitate the identification of novel TRAAK activators. Using a library of ∼1200 drug like molecules we identified Aprepitant as a small molecule activator of TRAAK. Aprepitant is an NK-1 antagonist used to treat nausea and vomiting. Close structural analogues of Aprepitant and a range of NK-1 antagonists were also selected or designed for purchase or brief chemical synthesis and screened for their ability to activate TRAAK. Electrophysiology experiments confirmed that Aprepitant activates both the 'long' and 'short' transcript variants of TRAAK. We also demonstrated that Aprepitant is selective and does not activate other members of the K2P superfamily. This work describes the development of a high throughput assay to identify potential TRAAK activators and subsequent identification and confirmation of the novel TRAAK activator Aprepitant. This discovery identifies a useful tool compound which can be used to further probe the function of TRAAK K2P channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D McCoull
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK.
| | - E L Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich and University of Kent, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Y Walsh
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich and University of Kent, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - L Byrom
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - T Avkiran
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - J M Large
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - E Vaitone
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - F Gaffey
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - J Jerman
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - A Mathie
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich and University of Kent, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK; School of Engineering, Arts, Science and Technology, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, IP4 1QJ, UK
| | - P D Wright
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
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Kavanaugh ML, Jerman J. Concurrent use of multiple contraceptive methods in the United States. Contraception 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2017.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kavanaugh M, Jerman J, Finer L. Who uses long-acting reversible contraceptive methods in the United States, which methods do they use and who stops using them? Contraception 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jones R, Jerman J. State restrictions and barriers to abortion services: preliminary findings from the 2014 Abortion Patient Survey. Contraception 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kavanaugh M, Jerman J, Zapata L, Ethier K, Moskosky S. Long-acting reversible contraceptive services for teens and young adults in publicly funded family planning facilities in the US. Contraception 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kavanaugh M, Jerman J, Hubacher D, Kost K, Finer L. Who uses long-acting reversible contraceptive methods in the United States? Contraception 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2011.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Trdan S, Znidarcic D, Zlatic and J. Jerman E, Jerman J. Correlation between epicuticular wax content in the leaves of early white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) and damage caused by Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1556/aphyt.39.2004.1-3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The source of pathogens responsible for pleuropulmonary complications after lung resection is not yet completely understood, yet knowing this source is very important for proper perioperative use of antibiotics in lung surgery. We studied prospectively the value of sputum samples -- collected 3 days before and 3 days after surgery -- and of intraoperative bronchial swabs in the diagnosis of infective pulmonary complications following lung cancer resection. METHODS In a prospective trial, we studied 194 patients (18 women and 176 men, age range 34-79 years, mean 57 years) who were operated on for lung cancer. The infection screen consisted of intraoperative bronchial swabs, and sputum samples obtained prior to and 3 days after surgery. Before the operation, all patients were free of clinical signs of respiratory infection. In patients with postoperative infection, causative pathogens were identified from sputum, tracheal aspirate, thoracic puncture and thoracic drainage fluids. RESULTS Thirty-four patients suffered from 32 pleuropulmonary infections, and two from wound infection. Pathogenic organisms were isolated from preoperative and postoperative sputum samples and from intraoperative bronchial swabs in 50, 64 and 27% of patients, respectively. Postoperative infective complications were caused by gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans in 75% of patients. These potential pathogens were recovered from preoperative sputum samples and from intraoperative bronchial swabs in only 18 and 13% of cases, but from postoperative sputum samples in 63% of cases. A strong correlation in identified pathogens was found between the postoperative sputum samples and the samples collected for microbiological diagnosis of subsequent postoperative infective complications (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that pathogens that cause pleuropulmonary infective complications are probably acquired postoperatively from the patient's oral cavity, pharynx and hypopharynx. Appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sok
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Duxon MS, Stretton J, Starr K, Jones DN, Holland V, Riley G, Jerman J, Brough S, Smart D, Johns A, Chan W, Porter RA, Upton N. Evidence that orexin-A-evoked grooming in the rat is mediated by orexin-1 (OX1) receptors, with downstream 5-HT2C receptor involvement. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001; 153:203-9. [PMID: 11205420 DOI: 10.1007/s002130000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Orexins A and B have recently been discovered and shown to be derived from preproorexin, primarily expressed in the rat hypothalamus. Orexin-A has been ascribed a number of in vivo functions in the rat after intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration, including hyperphagia, neuroendocrine modulation and, most recently, evidence for a behavioural response characterised by an increase in grooming. OBJECTIVES Here, we have investigated the orexin-receptor subtypes involved in the grooming response to orexin-A (3 microg, ICV) in the rat. METHODS Male rats, habituated to clear Perspex behavioural observation boxes, were pretreated with antagonists with mixed selectivity for OX1, OX2, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes prior to the administration of orexin-A and the intense grooming response elicited by this peptide assessed. RESULTS Pretreatment of rats with a mixed OX1/5-HT2B/2C receptor antagonist 1-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)-3-quinolin-4-ylurea (SB-284422), revealed a significant, but incomplete, blockade of orexin-A-induced grooming. Despite the low potency of orexin-A at 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors in vitro (pKi<5), studies were undertaken to determine whether downstream 5-HT2B or 5-HT2C receptors mediate in the grooming-elicited by orexin-A. Whilst the selective 5-HT2B receptor antagonist, SB-215505 (3 mg/kg, PO, 5-HT2B, pKi=8.58; OX1, pKB < 5.15) failed to effect orexin-A-induced grooming, the selective 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, SB-242084 (1 mg/kg, IP, 5-HT2C, pKi = 8.95; OX1, pKB < 5.1) potently antagonised the grooming response to this peptide. This suggested that the partial blockade of orexin-A-induced grooming obtained with SB-284422 might be attributable to its 5-HT2C and/or OX1 receptor blocking activity. However, complete blockade of orexin-A-induced grooming by the subsequently identified selective OX1 receptor antagonist 1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-[1,5]naphthyridin-4-yl urea hydrochloride, SB-334867-A (OX1, pKB = 7.4; OX2, pKB = 5.7), devoid of appreciable affinity for either 5-HT2B (pKi < 5.3) or 5-HT2C (pKi < 5.4) receptors, provides the first definitive evidence that a central behavioural effect of orexin-A (grooming) is mediated by OX1 receptors. CONCLUSIONS This data suggests that orexin-A indirectly activates 5-HT2C receptors downstream from OX1 receptors to elicit grooming in the rat. The use of SB-334867-A in vivo will enable the role of OX,1 receptors within the rat central nervous system to be further characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Duxon
- Neuroscience Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Watson J, Brough S, Coldwell MC, Gager T, Ho M, Hunter AJ, Jerman J, Middlemiss DN, Riley GJ, Brown AM. Functional effects of the muscarinic receptor agonist, xanomeline, at 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 125:1413-20. [PMID: 9884068 PMCID: PMC1565721 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanomeline [3(3-hexyloxy-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1-me thylpyridine] has been reported to act as a functionally selective muscarinic partial agonist with potential use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This study examined the functional activity of xanomeline at 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors in native tissue and/or human cloned receptors. Xanomeline had affinity for muscarinic receptors in rat cortical membranes where the ratio of the displacement affinity of [3H]-Quinuclidinyl benzilate vs that of [3H]-Oxotremorine-M was 16, indicative of partial agonist activity. Radioligand binding studies on human cloned receptors confirmed that xanomeline had substantial affinity for M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 receptors and also for 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor subtypes. Carbachol and xanomeline stimulated basal [35S]-GTPgammaS binding in rat cortical membranes with micromolar affinity. The response to carbachol was attenuated by himbacine and pirenzepine with pA2 of 8.2, 6.9 respectively consistent with the response being mediated, predominantly, via M2 and M4 receptors. Xanomeline-induced stimulation of [35S]-GTPgammaS binding was inhibited by himbacine with an apparent pKb of 6.3, was not attenuated by pirenzepine up to 3 microM and was inhibited by the selective 5-HT1A antagonist WAY100635 with an apparent pKb of 9.4. These data suggest the agonist effect of xanomeline in this tissue is, in part, via 5-HT1A receptors. Similar studies on human cloned receptors confirmed that xanomeline is an agonist at human cloned 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors. In studies using the fluorescent cytoplasmic Ca2+ indicator FLUO-3AM, xanomeline induced an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in SH-SY5Y cells expressing recombinant human 5-HT2C receptors. Atropine antagonized this response, consistent with mediation via endogenously-expressed muscarinic receptors. In the presence of atropine, xanomeline antagonized 5-HT-induced cytoplasmic changes in Ca2+ concentration in cells expressing h5-HT2A, h5-HT2B and h5-HT2c receptors with potencies similar to its affinity at these receptors. These studies indicate that xanomeline is a potent agonist at 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors and an antagonist at 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Watson
- Neurosciences Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, UK
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Abstract
The novel compound SB 204269 (trans-(+)-6-acetyl-4S-(4-fluorobenzoylamino)- 3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-benzo[b]pyran-3R-ol, hemihydrate) shows potent anticonvulsant activity in the mouse maximal electroshock seizure threshold test. The binding of [3H]SB 204269 to mouse forebrain membranes is saturable (Bmax 217 fmol/mg protein, Kd 32 nM) and stereospecific. The excellent anticonvulsant profile of SB 204269, combined with the identification of a unique binding site for the compound, suggest that it has potential clinical utility as a novel treatment for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Herdon
- Department of Psychiatry Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, UK
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Bermudez J, Gaster L, Gregory J, Jerman J, Joiner G, King F, Rahman S. Synthesis and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist potency of novel (endo) 3,9-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-amino derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Omejc M, Repse S, Jelenc F, Cimerman M, Bitenc M, Jerman J, Lamovec J, Jutersek A, Herbst F. Einfluß des Magenkarzinomtyps nach Laurén auf die Prognose nach potentiell kurativer Resektion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02620021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lamovec J, Sobel HJ, Zidar A, Jerman J. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the anterior mediastinum with osteoclast-like giant cells. Light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic study. Am J Clin Pathol 1990; 93:813-7. [PMID: 2346138 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/93.6.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the anterior mediastinum in a 40-year-old woman is presented. It showed typical features described in such tumors, but in addition there were foci of osteoclast-like giant cells that were not previously reported in this lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lamovec
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Center, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia
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